History of Tourism
Influential people on the development of
the tourism industry:
Thomas Cook
Thomas Cook was an agent for foreign and domestic travel. He was the first to
organise professional tourist excursions and to have an organised ‘travellers cheque’
system. As well as selling organised world tours, he also sold travel accessories such as
maps to his customers. His income came from ‘commission sales’ and he also used
prepaid accommodation vouchers. He was the first ‘travel agent’ and has set many of
the standards with regards to how things are now done in the travel and tourism
industry.
Sir Richard Branson
In 1984 he became the majority backer of the airline that he renamed Virgin Atlantic
Airways. Beginning with a single aircraft, the carrier succeeded despite fierce
opposition from established airlines. In 2004 Branson formed Virgin Galactic, a space
tourism company that was working toward offering commercial suborbital passenger
flights.
John Anderson
John Duncan Anderson is a New Zealand businessman, author and celebrity speaker. He
founded Contiki Holidays in 1961. Contiki Tours is a Travel Corporation-operated coach
tour company operating in Europe, Russia, Egypt, Australia, New Zealand, North
America, South America, and Asia. The travel company was formed in 1962 specifically
to create coach trips for 18-35 year-olds to include a mix of sightseeing, free time,
culture, socializing, and adventure.
How have different modes of transportation
contributed to the growth and development of world
tourism?
Air Transportation:
Travelling long distances by air is popular because...
it is safe, comfortable, fast and affordable
Due to the fact that airlines have modern efficient fleets people can...
The large capacities of aircraft like the Airbus A380 have meant that...
Airlines having scheduled flights mean that tourists can...
Global alliances between airlines have enabled them to...
Air travel is heavily regulated...
To keep operational costs and airfares down, low cost airlines have a ‘user pays’
policy which means people...
Air Transportation:
Travelling long distances by air is popular because... it is safe, comfortable, fast and affordable.
Due to the fact that airlines have modern efficient fleets people can... fly long distances in
shorter timeframes.
The large capacities of aircraft like the Airbus A380 have meant that... more people can travel
by air.
Airlines having scheduled flights mean that tourists can... plan their holiday and travel timings
in advance.
Global alliances between airlines have enabled them to... provide services that make it easier
to travel to a greater number of destinations.
Air travel is heavily regulated... to enforce and maintain very high safety standards.
By having a Code Share Agreement (code share flights are when two or more airlines share the
same flight) airlines are able to... cut operational costs.
To keep operational costs and airfares down, low cost airlines have a ‘user pays’ policy which
means people... have to pay for extra baggage and any in-flight services such as food and
drink.
How have significant world events impacted
on the international tourism industry?
For example: 2002-2003 SARS outbreak
The outbreak of SARS in Asia, and its subsequent spread to other
continents caused a major drop in tourism, especially to countries within
Asia. With over 8,500 people infected and more than 900 deaths from
SARS, people were not willing to take chances with travel. The impact was
dramatic, with countries losing up to 82% of their visitor arrivals. Many
airlines reduced their services. Many tourist destinations and activities
were poorly patronised during that time with business being down by over
a third or more in some areas.
Person = Guide Rangi
• How they contributed to the development of tourism
in New Zealand: Guide Rangi was known as a Cultural
Ambassador and world famous guide. She was based
at Whakarewarewa and was awarded an MBE for her
services to guiding. She guided many famous people
including Queen Elizabeth II and Eleanor Roosevelt.
Guide Rangi promoted the history of
Whakarewarewa, and stories associated with Maori
culture and Maori legends. She was also known as a
woman of mana, and a teacher as well as a guide.
She is credited for having set the standard for tour
guiding in New Zealand.
Briefly discribe how each of the
following has influenced NZ tourism
• 1886 Mt Tarawera eruption
• Creation of the world’s first National Tourism
Organisation in 1901
• World War II
• The creation of Qualmark
• The Americas Cup Challenges
• September 11 (9/11) Terrorist Attacks
• Filming of the Lord of the Rings Trilogy
• 2011 Rugby World Cup
Filming of the Lord of the Rings Trilogy
Each year:
• Six percent of visitors to New Zealand (around 120,000 -150,000
people) cite The Lord of the Rings as being one of the main reasons for
visiting New Zealand.
• One per cent of visitors said that the Lord of the Rings was their main
or only reason for visiting.
• This one per cent related to approximately NZ$32.8m in spend
• 63,200 visitors participated in a Lord of the Rings activity while here.
• 9,988 international tourists did a group tour for LOTRs fans
• 20,251 international tourists did an organised tour that included a
LOTR site
• 29,233 international tourists visited a LOTR site independently
Since 2004, an average 47,000 international visitors each year have
visited a film location