Adulthood
Bell Ringer 2-3-16
• Pick up a copy of the “Old Age and Dying” notes
• Get out a blank sheet of paper
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Adulthood
Case Study: The Sandwich Generation
Adults who care for their children as well as their parents belong to the
“sandwich generation” and face unique care-giving challenges.
What Creates the Sandwich?
Effects on Caregivers
• Adults are living longer.
• Changes in work hours
• Young adults are marrying later
and starting families later.
• Stress
• Financial difficulties
• Few professional caregivers are • Less attention for spouses and
available.
children
• About 20 million Americans
• Renewed attachment to parents
belong to the sandwich
generation.
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Adulthood
What do you think?
• What strain can shouldering responsibility for both
one’s children and one’s aging parents place on a
family?
• Do you think children should be expected to take care
of their elderly parents? Why or why not?
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Adulthood
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Adulthood
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Adulthood
Lesson Objective:
1.What are we learning?
We’re learning about the process and challenges of
aging.
2.Why is it important?
You’re all going to die someday.
3.How will I know when I’ve learned it?
When you can answer all the DOL questions.
4.How does it connect to my life?
Someone you know will die soon.
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Adulthood
Section 1 at a Glance
Young Adulthood
• Young adulthood is characterized by becoming
independent from parental authority and trying new ways
of doing things.
• Many young adults form lasting relationships and marry.
• Although most young couples marry because they are in
love, many marriages in the United States end in divorce.
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Adulthood
Young Adulthood
Main Idea
During young adulthood, most men and women become independent,
begin careers, and develop meaningful relationships.
Reading Focus
• What are some of the characteristics and goals of young adulthood?
• Why are marriage and relationships important parts of young
adulthood?
• How does divorce affect parents and children?
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Adulthood
Why do some married couples
come to look like each other?
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Adulthood
Characteristics and Goals
Young adulthood is characterized by a desire to try new
things and by changing relationships with parents.
Reassessment
Settling Down
• Once young adults reach their
30s, they often reevaluate the
decisions they have made
about their course in life.
• The mid- to late-30s are often
characterized by settling down
or “planting roots.”
• Reassessment may bring major
life changes.
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Adulthood
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Adulthood
Reading Check
Analyze
Why do many men and women reassess
their lives in their 30s?
Answer: reevaluate the decisions they have made about their
course in life
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Adulthood
Marriage and Relationships
The development of an identity—who you are and what you stand
for—is an important part of adolescence and young adulthood.
History of Marriage
Choosing Spouses
• In most Western societies,
patriarchy has dominated
marriage, but now spouses are
more likely to be viewed as
equal partners.
• Today young Americans
typically select their own
spouses.
• The concept of marrying for
love emerged in the 1800s.
• Today companionship and
intimacy are central to marriage.
• Influences over the choice
include ethnicity, level of
education, social class, religion,
and similarity in age, values,
and attitudes.
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Adulthood
Click on the image
above to play the
Interactive.
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Adulthood
Reading Check
Compare
How does marriage today compare with
marriage in the past?
Answer: Marriage today may be based on equality between
spouses, while marriage in the past may have been based on
patriarchy. In addition, marriage today may be based on romantic love,
while marriage in the past may have been based on the benefits for
families.
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Adulthood
Divorce
Reasons for Divorce
• One reason divorce is a common occurrence is because obtaining a
divorce is easier than it used to be.
• People may divorce due to spousal abuse, child abuse, infidelity,
stress, or an inability to communicate.
The Costs of Divorce
• Financial resources are usually divided in a divorce.
• Divorced mothers often have primary responsibility for children.
• Divorced fathers often have to pay child support and alimony.
• Most divorced people recover and the majority remarry.
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Adulthood
The Children of Divorce
• Divorce can be difficult for children, no matter what their age.
• Children of divorced people are more likely to have behavioral
problems, engage in substance abuse, and earn lower grades in
school.
• Boys often have greater problems than girls in adjusting to divorce.
• Psychologists usually advise parents who are getting divorced to:
– Try to agree on how they will interact with their children
– Help each other maintain a good parent-child relationship
– Avoid criticizing each other to or in front of their children
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Adulthood
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Adulthood
Reading Check
Summarize
Why do people divorce?
Answer: People may divorce due to spousal abuse, child abuse,
infidelity, stress, or an inability to communicate.
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Adulthood
Section 2 at a Glance
Middle Adulthood
• One of the greatest challenges facing middle-aged adults
is retaining the ability to create, originate, and produce.
• During middle adulthood, many adults go through a
period of reassessment and reevaluate what to do with
the rest of their lives.
• Many middle-aged adults have to adjust to the changing
needs of their children and deal with their own physical
changes.
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Adulthood
Middle Adulthood
Main Idea
During middle adulthood, men and women continue to be creative in
their careers, family life, and community. They also face new life
changes as they grow older.
Reading Focus
• What is generativity?
• Why do many adults experience a midlife transition?
• What life changes do people face in middle adulthood?
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Adulthood
Is the midlife crisis
a myth?
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Adulthood
Generativity
• Middle adulthood spans the years from 40 to 65.
• Erik Erikson said that the greatest challenge facing middle adults is
generativity—the ability to create, originate, and produce.
• Generativity adds meaning to the lives of adults and helps them to
maintain and enhance their self-esteem.
• Erikson believed that adults who are not generative can become
stagnant, or unmoving.
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Adulthood
Reading Check
Identify Supporting Details
How can adults maintain generativity?
Answer: Adults can maintain generativity by creating, originating,
and producing; specific examples might include improving methods and
relationships in the workplace, guiding younger people, voting, and
community service.
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Adulthood
Transition
The midlife transition is a period of middle adulthood
when people’s perspectives change in a major way. Many
people experience a midlife transition around the ages of
40 to 45.
Midlife Crisis or Age of
Mastery?
• The midlife transition can trigger
a second period of
reassessment known as a
midlife crisis.
Middlescence
• Journalist Gail Sheehy calls the
years from 45 to 65 the “age of
mastery.”
• Middlescence can involve a
search for a second adulthood.
• The term middlescence is
sometimes used to describe a
period of searching that can
resemble adolescence.
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Adulthood
Reading Check
Summarize
What is a midlife transition?
Answer: period of middle adulthood when people’s perspectives
change in a major way
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Adulthood
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Adulthood
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Adulthood
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Adulthood
Life Changes
Menopause
• Menopause usually occurs in a woman’s late 40s or early 50s and is
marked by the end of menstruation.
• Menopause is normal and can be a healthy development in women’s
lives.
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Adulthood
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Adulthood
Reading Check
Make Generalizations
Why do you think many people have a
negative attitude toward menopause?
Answer: Menopause may be considered abnormal or a
disease; it is frequently associated with mood swings and
irritability
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Adulthood
Section 3 at a Glance
Late Adulthood
• Regular exercise and a healthy diet can help older adults
reduce the impact of the physical changes they undergo.
• People age as their cells age and begin to malfunction.
• Cognitive changes, including memory decline, occur in
late adulthood, but most older adults do quite well
intellectually.
• Aging involves social changes that involve work, family,
and living arrangements.
• Older adults who age successfully continue to believe
that life is meaningful and full.
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Adulthood
Bucket List!
Directions:
Pick up a copy of the “Bucket List” paper off the table
What Do You Want to Do Before You Die?
• For each age (by the time I’m 20, by the time I’m 30, etc.), write one
goal that you would like to have reached by that point.
• MAKE SURE YOUR HANDWRITING IS CLEAR!
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Adulthood
Late Adulthood
Main Idea
Late adulthood is a time of many changes—physical, cognitive, and
social. The ways in which older adults handle all these changes can
determine how successfully they age.
Reading Focus
• What physical changes are part of late adulthood?
• Why do people age?
• What cognitive changes occur in late adulthood?
• How do social changes affect older adults?
• How can older adults age successfully?
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Adulthood
What's the secret
of long life?
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Adulthood
Physical Changes
• Age 65 marks the beginning of late adulthood.
• Many physical changes take place in late adulthood.
• Some physical changes cause health problems.
• Older adults can do many things to maintain their health, strength,
and energy.
• Regular exercise and a healthful diet can help older adults feel better
and help them fight disease.
• Ageism: prejudice against older adults
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Adulthood
Reading Check
Identify Supporting Details
What can older adults do to help maintain
their health and strength?
Answer: Older adults can exercise and eat healthy diets
to maintain their health and strength.
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Adulthood
Cognitive Changes
Senile Dementia
• Dementia is the serious loss of cognitive functioning.
Alzheimer’s Disease
• Alzheimer’s disease is the most severe type of dementia. It affects
about 10 percent of people over the age of 65 and nearly half of
those over the age of 85.
• It is a disease and not a normal part of aging.
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Adulthood
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Adulthood
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Adulthood
Successful Aging
Ego Integrity
• Erik Erikson believed that one challenge facing people in late
adulthood is how they maintain ego integrity—the belief that life is
meaningful and worthwhile even when physical abilities are not what
they used to be.
• The decremental model of aging holds that progressive physical and
mental decline is inevitable with age
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Adulthood
Section 4 at a Glance
Death and Dying
• A much criticized theory states that the stages of dying
include denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and
acceptance.
• Dying people need support, relief from pain, and a
dignified end.
• Funerals help the living celebrate the life of the deceased
and cope with sadness.
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Adulthood
Death and Dying
Main Idea
People deserve to die with dignity and the support of those who love
them. After someone dies, the living often depend on religious beliefs
and traditional customs to cope with their sadness.
Reading Focus
• What are the stages of dying?
• How can people help a loved one die with dignity?
• How do people deal with death?
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Adulthood
What message would
you leave behind?
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Adulthood
Stages of Dying
• Psychiatrist Elisabeth Kübler-Ross theorized there are five stages
through which many dying people pass. The stages are
– Denial
– Anger
– Bargaining
– Depression
– Acceptance
• Kübler-Ross’s theory has met with considerable criticism.
• Psychologist Edwin Shneidman has not found that feelings about
dying follow a particular sequence.
• Another problem is that the theory may tempt people to ignore the
uniqueness of each individual’s experiences at the end of life.
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Adulthood
Reading Check
Analyze
Why has Kübler-Ross’s theory been
criticized?
Answer: It is falsely sequential and ignores the uniqueness of each
individual’s experiences at the end of life.
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Adulthood
Stages of Dying
• On your “free response” sheet, write TWO quotes that a person might
say during each of the stages of grief. One example is provided. No,
you cannot use it.
• The stages are
– Denial: “These lab results must be a mistake.”
– Anger
– Bargaining
– Depression
– Acceptance
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Adulthood
Dying with Dignity
The Hospice Alternative
• Some dying people enter a
hospice, a homelike place where
dying people and their families
receive physical and emotional
support to help them cope with
terminal illness.
Euthanasia
• Euthanasia is illegal in most
states.
• Many people support making it
legal with clear restrictions. Others
argue that no one has the right to
take a life, even one’s own.
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Adulthood
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Adulthood
Dealing with Death
The Funeral
• The funeral is a traditional way to acknowledge that a member of the
community has died.
• Funerals reflect religious beliefs and cultural practices.
• Funerals are a way of saying good-bye to the deceased.
• They provide a way to remember and celebrate the life of the
deceased.
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Adulthood
Euthansia
Write a one page paper that discusses the pros and
cons of euthanasia. You must use the following terms
in your paper:
• Ageism
• Decremental model of aging
• Hospice
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