EnviroChem 2015 Roundtable
“Environmental Protection without Boundaries”
June 2015 Palić
JICA Grassroots Project
A Local Initiative
for Managing Environmental Risk
～Hyogo Chemical Survey Program～
Yasuhiro KANDA
kanda-y@hies-hyogo.jp
Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Sciences (HIES)
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Screening of Chemicals
Commercially available
chemicals
Chemicals which might
have high risks
Controlled Chemicals
which are monitored by
law or upon requests of
national government
There are a lot of chemicals left, which might have high risks and
need to be monitored.
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Risk Assessment
Risk = Hazards x Exposures
 “Hazards” depend on nature of the chemical.
 “Exposures” have four major routes: skin absorption,
inhalation, ingestion and injection.
 Concentration in the environment is a major factor of
exposures, and different from local to local, depending on
whether there is a factory who produces, uses or disposes
the chemical in a nearby area.
 This locality of concentration motivates
local governments to take an initiative.
MOEJ
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Hyogo Prefecture
Hyogo Prefecture
Population: 5.4 million
Area: 8,400 km2
http://kobe.travel.coocan.jp/
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Continuous Monitoring Sites
in Hyogo Prefecture
Air Pollution Monitoring Stations
Water Pollution Monitoring Points
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National government’s surveys on chemicals
Three types of surveys:
1. Initial Environmental Survey
2. Detailed Environmental Survey
3. Environmental Monitoring
Whether the chemical exists in the
environment or not
On the chemicals which found to
exist in the environment
On POPs or POPs candidate
chemicals
Percentage of the detection in the environment: Survey results (FY1974-FY2012)
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Hyogo Chemical Survey Program
 Purposes are to grasp the situation of chemicals, of which
emission standards do not exist, and give guidance to the
emitter, and contribute to safety and security of residents.
 Monitoring is conducted on some target chemicals in water,
sediment and air of Hyogo on a three year cycle.
FY2009-2011
Target
PFOA, PFOS, PBDE,
Chemicals HBCD, TBBPA, FTOH
FY2012-2014
PCN, HCBD, PFOA
FY2015UV-320, UV-326,
UV-327, UV-328, PFOA
 Expert Committee evaluates the survey results, and gives
advices to the government.
 Information disclosure is made by the government via
press release and web.
 Chemical analysis is conducted by Hyogo Prefectural
Institute of Environmental Sciences (HIES).
 Budget is about US$ 5,000 /year.
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Hyogo Chemical Survey FY2009-2011
Target chemicals: PFOA, PFOS, PBDE, HBCD, TBBPA, FTOH
Environmental Media
(Number of samples)
2009
2010
River Water(8)
Sampling Site
(Number of samples)
Monitored
Chemicals
Ina(4), Muko(2),
PFOA, PFOS, PBDE,
HBCD, TBBPA
Kako(2)
PFOA
Ground water(3)
Kako(3)
PFOA
Air(3)
Hanshin area(3)
PFOA, PFOS, PBDE,
HBCD, TBBPA, FTOH
River Water(8)
Kako(5), Hokkesantani(2),Kise(1)
PFOA, PFOS, PBDE,
HBCD, TBBPA
Ground Water(17)
Kako(17)
Effluent Water(2)
Kako(2)
Sediment(3)
Kako(1), Hokkesantani(1), Kise(1) PFOA, PFOS, PBDE,
HBCD, TBBPA
Air(2)
Eastern Harima Area (1),
Northern Harima Area(1)
Eastern Harima
PFOA, PFOS
PFOA, PFOS
PFOA, PFOS, PBDE,
HBCD, TBBPA, FTOH8
Hyogo Chemical Survey FY2009-2011 (continued)
Environmental Media
(Number of samples)
2011
Sampling Site
(Number of samples)
Monitored
Chemicals
River Water(9)
Ibo(2), Chikusa(2), Sumoto(4),
Mihara(1)
PFOA, PFOS, PBDE,
HBCD, TBBPA
Sediment(4)
Ibo(1), Chikusa(1), Sumoto(1),
Mihara(19
PFOA, PFOS, PBDE,
HBCD, TBBPA
Air(2)
Western Harima area(1),
Awaji area(1)
PFOA, PFOS, PBDE,
HBCD, TBBPA, FTOH
Ground water(3)
Eastern Harima area (3)
PFOA, PFOS, FTOH
Effluent water(1)
Eastern Harima Area (1)
PFOA, PFOS, FTOH
Follow up survey
Results:
• FY2010 survey found a relatively high PFOA from groundwater in
Eastern Harima area.
The government identified a company who uses water repellant material, which was
contaminated with FTOH: precursor of PFOA. The government gave an administrative
guidance to the company, and the company changed the material.
• FY2011 survey found a bit high FTOH from air in Western Harima.
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The government identified a company, and gave an administrative guidance.
Hyogo Chemical Survey FY2012-2014
Target chemicals: PCN, HCBD, PFOA
Environmental Media
(Number of samples)
2012
Sampling Site
(Number of samples)
Monitored
Chemicals
River Water(6)
Ina(2), Kanzaki(2), Muko(2)
PCN, HCBD
Sediment(2)
Kanzaki(1), Muko(1)
PCN, HCBD
Air(3)
Hanshin area(3)
PCN, HCBD
Ground Water (3)
Eastern Harima area (3)
PFOA
Effluent Water (1)
Eastern Harima area (1)
PFOA
River Water(5)
Kako(3), Hokkesantani(1), Kise(1)
PCN, HCBD
Sediment(3)
Kako(1), Hokkesantani(1), Kise(1)
PCN, HCBD
Air(2)
Eastern Harima area(2)
PCN, HCBD
Ground Water (3)
Eastern Harima area(3)
PFOA
Effluent Water (1)
Eastern Harima area(1)
PFOA
Follow up survey
2013
Follow up survey
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Hyogo Chemical Survey FY2012-2014 (Continued)
Environmental Media
(Number of samples)
2014
Sampling Site
(Number of samples)
Monitored
Chemicals
River Water(6)
Ibo(2), Chikusa(2), Sumoto(1), Mihara(1)
PCN, HCBD
Sediment(4)
Ibo(2), Chikusa(2), Sumoto(1), Mihara(1)
PCN, HCBD
Air(2)
Western Harima area(1), Awaji area(1)
PCN, HCBD
Follow up survey
Ground Water (2)
Eastern Harima area (2)
PFOA
Effluent Water (1)
Eastern Harima area (1)
PFOA
Follow-up survey results
0.6
μg/L
0.0
PFOA in ground water
2010 winter-2014 winter
8
μg/L
PFOA in effluent water
2010 winter-2014 winter
0
After the company changed the material, PFOA concentration
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dropped sharply. However, contamination still remains.
Hyogo Chemical Survey FY2015Target chemicals: UV-320, UV-326, UV-327, UV-328, PFOA
Environmental Media
(Number of samples)
2015
Sampling time/area
Chemicals to be
monitored
Water(6)
two times a year (summer and
winter)
UV-320, UV-326,
UV-327, UV-328
Sediment(2)
one time a year
(summer)
UV-320, UV-326,
UV-327, UV-328
Air(3)
two times a year(summer and
winter)
UV-320, UV-326,
UV-327, UV-328
Ground Water (3)
Eastern Harima area (3)
PFOA
Effluent Water (1)
Eastern Harima area (1)
PFOA
Follow up survey
Follow up survey is scheduled to continue.
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Significance of the Hyogo Chemical Survey
The Survey contributes
 To find contaminated place at an early stage.
If the survey
had not been
conducted…
MOEJ
Hazardous
chemicals
 To develop “risk communications” at a local society.
(awareness raising, disaster preparedness)
Citizens
Experts
Companies
Media
Governments
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For developing an Environmental Monitoring Project
 Purposes
For what policy are the monitoring results used?
- To identify the area still polluted by the NATO bombing
- To identify the area polluted by business operators
- To confirm the safety of an agricultural area
- To strengthen the monitoring network ・・・・・and so on.
 Target Chemicals
Which chemicals have been monitored so far?
Which chemicals need to be monitored?
 Environmental media (air, river water, groundwater, sediment,
soil, fish, shellfish, etc.) Can we expect cooperation from the administrator or
owner/stakeholder of the environmental media?
 Number of samples
 Project organization
What sampling frequency and sampling duration
should be?
Who will organize the project ?
Who will play what role? (coordination, budget,
sampling, chemical analysis, data analysis, …)
How can Japan and international community
collaborate with the project?
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Thank you very much
for your attention!
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