MODULE 1
Water Framework Directive, Relation of WFD with
Daughter Directives, River Basin Management Planning,
Water Bodies, Typology, Classification
Drinking Water Directive
R. Michael Jackman
Antalya
December, 2014
History
Directive 98/83/EC has repealed Directive 80/778/
 Must regularly monitor the quality of water intended for human
consumption by using the methods of analysis specified in the
directive, or equivalent methods.
 The new directive saw the number of parameters reduced whilst
allowing member to add parameters such as magnesium, total
hardness, phenols, zinc, phosphate, calcium and chlorite.
 Must publish drinking water quality reports every three years, and
the EU is to publish a summary report.
 Within five years Member States had to comply with the
Directive.
 Exemptions could be granted on a temporary basis, provided that
they do not affect human health
Transposition into national law
Member States must bring into force the laws, regulations
and administrative provisions necessary to comply with
this Directive within two years of its entry into force.
The European Drinking Water Directive (DWD), Council
Directive 98/83/EC
OBJECTIVES & SCOPE
 The European Drinking Water Directive (DWD), Council
Directive 98/83/EC concerns the quality of water intended for
human consumption and forms part of the regulation of Water
Supply and Sanitation in the EU.
 To protect human health by specifying purity and potability
requirements for drinking water .
 Applies to all waters intended for human consumption but not
natural mineral waters
 Take any required actions to guarantee the potability and purity
of water
Parameters
 Drinking water must not contain any concentration
of micro-organisms, parasites or any other substance
which constitutes a potential human health risk;
 Must not exceed the DW Directive limits (MAC) for
microbiological, chemical & radioactivity
parameters.
 Must set values for other additional parameters not
included in Annex I where that is necessary to
protect human health within their territories;
Parameter Limits Policy
 The directive applies the precautionary principle for the
limits.
 e.g. the EU limits for pesticides are up to 20 times lower
than those in the WHO drinking water guidelines, because
the EU directive not only aims at protecting human health
but also the environment. This is the link to IRBM &
WFD
 The WHO guidelines are set relatively low so there is no
potential risk even if the contaminant was absorbed
continuously over a person's lifetime.
 If EU drinking water standards are temporarily exceeded by
a small margin, the effects should be interpreted with
regard to this context.
Derogations
Derogations from this Directive but must not pose
a potential danger to human health and
Provided that the supply of water intended for human
consumption in the area concerned cannot
otherwise be maintained by any other reasonable
means
Actions
 Take any required actions to guarantee the potability and purity of
water
 Protection measures should be applied to ensure that surface and
groundwater is kept clean; - Link to WFD
 The same can also be achieved by appropriate water-treatment
measures to be applied before supply;
Monitoring Points
(a) within premises or an establishment, at which it emerges from the taps
that are normally used for human consumption;
(b) water supplied from a tanker, at the point at which it emerges from the
tanker;
(c) in the case of water put into bottles or containers intended for sale, at
the point at which the water is put into the bottles or containers;
(d) in the case of water used in a food-production undertaking, at the point
where the water is used in the undertaking.
Domestic distribution system nor its maintenance is not included
Any increase in the pollution of waters used for the production of drinking
Water Link to WFD
Types of Monitoring
Check monitoring is regularly to provide information on
the organoleptic and microbiological quality of the
drinking water supplied & information on the
effectiveness of drinking-water treatment
Types of Monitoring- Audit monitoring
Audit monitoring is to provide the information to
determine whether the Directive’s parametric values
are being complied with.
Does not apply to the parameters for radioactivity,
Frequency of sampling Monitoring
supplied water
Frequency of sampling Monitoring
Bottled water
Specific Organic Pollutants
The parametric value of 0.10 μg/l applies to each individual
pesticide.
For OCPs : aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor & heptachlor epoxide the
parametric value is 0.030 μg/l.
The specified compounds for PCBs are:
— benzo(b)fluoranthene,
— benzo(k)fluoranthene,
— benzo(ghi)perylene,
— indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene.
The Total Parametric Value is 0.50 μg/l.
PARAMETERS FOR WHICH METHODS OF ANALYSIS ARE SPECIFIED
Coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli (E. coli) (ISO 9308-1)
Enterococci (ISO 7899-2)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (prEN ISO 12780)
Enumeration of culturable microorganisms — Colony count 22
°C (prEN ISO 6222)
Enumeration of culturable microorganisms — Colony count 37
°C (prEN ISO 6222)
Clostridium perfringens (including spores)
Membrane filtration followed by anaerobic incubation of the
membrane on m-CP agar (Note 1) at 44± 1 °C for 21 ± 3
hours. Count opaque yellow colonies that turn pink or red
after exposure to ammonium hydroxide vapours for 20 to 30
seconds.
PARAMETERS FOR WHICH PERFORMANCE
CHARACTERISTICS ARE SPECIFIED
PARAMETERS FOR WHICH PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
ARE SPECIFIED Continued
Protection Measures
 Enable water-supply undertakings to meet the quality
standards for drinking water,
 appropriate water-protection measures should be applied to
ensure that surface and groundwater is kept clean;
 the same goal can be achieved by appropriate water-treatment
measures to be applied before supply;
This is achieved by the application of Water Safety Plans
References
1. World Health Organisation:Guidelines for drinking-water quality, third
edition, incorporating first and second addenda
(http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/gdwq3/en/),
accessed on May 6, 2010)
2. Eionet: Legislative instrument details: New Drinking Water Directive
(consolidated)
(http://rod.eionet.europa.eu/instruments/545)
3. "Europe paves the way for revision of the Drinking Water Directive",
Water 21, Journal of the International Water Association, August 2006,
p. 18
4. The European Commission's Environment DG web site
(http://ec.europa.eu/environment/water/waterdrink/index_en.html).
Available Freshwater for Drinking Water
The ocean holds 97 percent of the Earth's water; the
remaining three percent is freshwater found in glaciers and
ice, below the ground, or in rivers and lakes.
So we need to protect the little we have!
Thank you for your attention