Joint Forces Ready to Fight
Transforming DoD Training:
Observations, Direction, Challenges
72nd MORS Symposium
Naval Postgraduate School
23 June 2004
Dan Gardner
Director, Readiness and Training, Policy & Programs
The Training Challenge in
Today’s Security Environment:
• Dynamic, complex security environment
• World of uncertainty and surprise
• Adaptive enemies
• Employ asymmetric approaches
• Non-traditional environments
• Skill set: war fighter - diplomat
2
Department of Defense Priorities
•
Successfully Pursue the Global War on Terrorism
•
Strengthen Combined / Joint Warfighting Capabilities
•
Transform the Joint Force
•
Optimize Intelligence Capabilities
•
Counter Proliferation of WMD
•
Improve Force Manning
•
New Concepts of Global Engagement
•
Homeland Security
•
Further Streamline DoD Processes
•
Reorganize DoD and the USG to Deal with Pre-War
Opportunities and Post-War Responsibilities
“The centerpiece of our
training transformation
effort will be the Joint
National Training
Capability.”
Deputy Secretary of Defense
Paul Wolfowitz, 9 April 2002
Transformation is a top U.S. Defense priority
SECDEF Legislative Priorities Memorandum Dated 17 Mar 04
3
Training Transformation
Vision and Capabilities
Provide dynamic, capabilities-based training for the Department of Defense
in support of national security requirements across the full spectrum of
service, joint, interagency, intergovernmental, and multinational operations.
Create Dynamic,
Global
Knowledge
Network
Build Live, Virtual,
Constructive (LVC)
Training
Environment
Establish
Performance
Assessment
Architecture
Joint Knowledge
Development &
Distribution
Capability
Joint National
Training
Capability
Joint
Assessment
& Enabling
Capability
4
Joint Knowledge Development &
Distribution Capability
Mission Statement
• Preparing Warriors Individually through Development and
Distribution of Joint Knowledge
Customers
• Combatant Commands
• Military (Active and Reserve Components), Civilian DoD Personnel,
and DoD Agencies
• Interagency, Intergovernmental, and Multinational Organizations
Products
• Courseware—Web-based Training; Computer Based Training
• Tools—Job Performance Aids; Decision Aids; Digital Gaming
• Services—Digital Libraries, Courseware Repositories, JKDDC
Technology Lab, System Expertise
• Global distribution environment
5
Joint Knowledge Development & Distribution
Capability
Outcomes
Human
Experts
Models
and
Simulations
Digital
Knowledge
Bases
Joint Certified
Courses
War
Colleges
Universities
Individuals
Joint Educated
JKDDC
Regional
Centers
International /
Multinational
Reach-Back
Mission Planning
and Rehearsal
Adaptability
6
Build on Success
1st Training Transformation
2nd Training Transformation
Major Training Centers
Joint National Training Capability
Realistic Combat Training
Credible Opposing Forces
Common Ground Truth
High Quality Feedback
• Joint context - horizontal / vertical
• Employs joint doctrine / tactics / techniques
• Live training with simulation / stimulation
• Mission rehearsal implications
• Realistic information ops and C4ISR
• Potentially deployable / distributable
• Multi-dimensional peer adversary
• Asymmetric challenges
• Diverse targets / threats
• Integrated range instrumentation
• Joint Observer / Trainers
• Certified, accredited
• Focus on joint performance outcomes
• Ability to assess concepts and doctrine
• Feeds joint lessons learned
• Promotes Joint Training System use
We Fight as a Joint Team - We Should Train in a Joint Context
7
Joint National Training Capability
Mission: The Joint National Training Capability will continuously improve the
ability of U.S. military, federal agencies, and multinational forces to fight
effectively as a joint and combined team.
Goals:
•
Improve management and coordination of joint training resources;
•
Fully implement the Joint Training System Applications and provide the means to
develop improvements in DoD warfighting capabilities;
•
Embed the proper joint context into Service training tasks;
•
Provide opposition forces and realistic threat systems;
•
Create a persistent global joint training infrastructure;
•
Provide a live, virtual, and constructive (LVC) environment for joint training events;
•
Lead the development of advanced training technologies providing joint functionality
interfaces and interoperability; and
•
Coordinate and integrate activities with the other capabilities of training transformation.
8
Joint National (Global) Training Capability
Outcomes
Joint Training
Events
Test
Ranges
Models
and
Simulations
Embedded
Systems
Units trained to
Joint Standards
Major
Training
Centers
JNTC
Mission Planning
and Rehearsal
New Joint
Operational
Concepts
Lessons Learned
Adaptability
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Attributes of a Transforming Joint Force
The Operator’s approach
The Military Most of Us Grew Up In
Stitch Service
Deconflict
Seams
Service Forces
Integration of
Service
Capabilities
Effects-Based,
Collaborative,
Network Centric
and
Interdependent
SOF
Army
Forces
Air
Forces
Army
Forces
Air
Forces
Marine
Forces
Navy
Forces
Marine
Forces
Navy
Forces
Army
Forces
Air
Forces
SOF
Services
Deconflicting
Marine
Forces
Navy
Forces
SOF
Services
Services / SOCOM A coherently Joint,
Coordinating
Integrating
capabilities-based,
Joint Force
10
Attributes of a Transforming Joint Force
The Operator’s approach
Stitch Service
Deconflict
Seams
Service Forces
Integration of
Service
Capabilities
Effects-Based,
Collaborative,
Network Centric
and
Interdependent
SOF
Army
Forces
Air
Forces
Army
Forces
Air
Forces
Marine
Forces
Navy
Forces
Marine
Forces
Navy
Forces
Army
Forces
Air
Forces
SOF
Services
Deconflicting
Marine
Forces
Navy
Forces
SOF
Services
Services / SOCOM A coherently Joint,
Coordinating
Integrating
capabilities-based,
Joint Force
11
Why a JNTC?
JNTC can help to...
1. Close gaps & seams (Combatant Commander Title
10 vs. Service Title 10 responsibilities) at all levels
of joint operations (i.e. joint command and control,
intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, and
other joint tasks).
Strategic
National
2. Provide the capability to conduct coherent joint
training across all levels with proper joint context.
Strategic
Theater
Operational
Tactical
ARFOR
Unified
Command
Joint Force
Headquarters
Components
MARFOR NAVFOR
AFFOR SOF
Unified Command
& Joint Force
Headquarters
Tasks
Issue 1
Service
Tasks
I
s
s
u
e
2
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JNTC
NORTHEUCOM
EUCOM
COM SOCOM EUCOM
STRAT-COM
Global
Simulation
Centers
JFCOM
JFCOM
SOUTH-SOUTH
COM
COM
Experimentation and Testing
TRANSCENT
CENT-COM
COM
COM
PACOM
PACOM
Service
Simulation, Training
and Testing Centers
and Ranges
Live / Virtual / Constructive
Training Environment
A global network of live, virtual and
constructive components that
provides a seamless training
environment that supports a broad
spectrum of joint and Service training
requirements
13
JNTC Exercise Types
•
Horizontal Training Exercise: Build on existing
Service interoperability training
•
Vertical Training Exercise: Link component and joint
command and staff planning and execution
•
Integration Training Exercise: Enhance existing joint
exercises to address joint interoperability training in
a joint context
•
Functional Training: Provide dedicated joint training
environment for functional warfighting and complex
joint tasks [under study by Center for Naval Analysis
(CNA)]
14
Horizontal Training Exercise
Western Range Complex
Joint Context in a J-Tactical Event
• Synchronized NTC/AW and CAX venues through a common joint
scenario (NTC – 17 – 29 Jan 04; CAX – 25, 26, 28 & 29 Jan 04)
• Cross flow of fixed wing aircraft between the ranges (F/A-18s
(USMC/Navy), AV-8Bs, F-16s)
• Opposition Forces: Non-Organic “Red” aircraft (ATSI A-4s);
Higher density of Red surface-to-air threat systems; Information
Operations: Operations Security, Computer Network Operations,
Electronic Warfare
• Command and control White Cell: Joint Forces Air Component
Commander, Combined Air Operations Center, Air Support Operations
Center
• Fielding of JFCOM assessment teams at all live locations
• Integration of live, virtual and constructive simulations
• Live and virtual play of SOCOM resources
• Establishment of 29 Palms ground/air instrumentation
T2-JNTC planning process is a microcosm of the real world joint
process: provides an excellent training environment
15
Integration Training Exercise
Blinding Storm / Rapid
Alliance / Combined Joint
Task Force Exercise
(CJTFEX) 04-2 Highlights
Background
1. Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff approved
2. COMUSJFCOM directed and sponsored
3. Commander Fleet Forces Command (CFFC)
executed
4. First enhanced JFCOM joint interoperability
exercise
5. First JNTC Integration event
6. US / UK bilateral training exercise
17
CJTFEX 04-2
•
First JNTC Integration event
• Training focus on functional component commands
• Analysis focus on Joint Tactical Tasks (JTT)
•
Coalition participation in a JNTC event
• Primary Participant: United Kingdom
• Secondary Participants: Canada, Germany, France,
Netherlands, Norway, Denmark, Italy and Peru
• Observers: Australia, Brazil, Sweden
•
Test processes incorporating Joint Combat
Identification Evaluation Team and Joint Testing &
Evaluation to greater degree in training events
18
13 Approved Technology Concept
Demonstrations
•
Evaluations / Tactics, Techniques & Procedures Validation (6):
• Joint Command & Control, Intelligence, Surveillance and
Reconnaissance (JC2ISR) Joint Testing & Evaluation (JT&E)
• Joint Cruise Missile Defense Joint Testing & Evaluation
• Joint Global Positioning System Combat Effectiveness (JGPSCE)
• Joint Methodology to Assess C4ISR Architecture (JMACA)
• Joint Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (JUAV)
• Joint Datalink Information Combat Effectiveness (JDICE)
•
Demonstrations (4):
•
•
•
•
•
Targets Under Trees
Coalition Combat ID Advanced Concept Technology Demo
Grenadier Brat-Laser Range Finder
Multi-Sensor Integration Demo
Service Software Operational Effectiveness Evaluation (3):
• Chief of Naval Operations Project # 801 – (DDG 51)
• Lower Tier Project Office Patriot Radar
• Cooperative Engagement Capability (CEC)
19
Live
VIRTUAL
CONSTRUCTIVE
NAS FALLON
EP-3 MAST
CJTFEX 04-2 Sites
FT BRAGG
DMOC –Kirtland AFB
513 MI Bde (-)
TESS-F
JTASC
FT STORY
34th ID ARFOR / JSOTF RC
DBST SUITE
AWSIM
ASSET
JSAF
JQUAD
NWARS (SCI)
JCATS
TACSIM
SIGS
MUSE
CJSOTF
PAX River
ASTi Hub
Schriever AFB
MDST
Pope AFB
1st
Analysis elements
FW
Langley AFB
FT BLISS, TX
Patriot BDE HQ
Patriot BN HQ
Patriot RC
FMS-D ICE
1st FW
UK AF
NAS Oceana
OPFOR Air
MCB Camp Lejeune
24TH MEU
2ND MEB
3Cdo
OPFOR Ground
JCATS
JSAF
CCJTF, CFMCC, CSG, ESG, USN &
coalition ships at Sea
AEGIS
DDG (2)
ICE
M&S & Instrumentation
MCAS Cherry Pt NC
ATI – AWSIM to TBMCS Interface
Patriot battery
TACTRAGRULANT Dam Neck
AWSIM – Air Warfare Simulation
Bogue Field NC
NAVFOR RC
ASSET – Automated Scripted Simulator Exercise Trainer
JSAF
Analysis elements
CSP – CRC Stimulation Package
DBST – Digital Battlestaff Sustainment Trainer
Hurlburt Field
FMS-D – Full Mission Simulator Digital
CRC Eglin AFB
CFACC – Shaw AFB
ICE – Interactive Constructive Environment
SOF
SOF
–V-AC-130
Analysis
elements
263RD AAMDC
JCAS – Joint Command and Control Attack Simulation
Seymour Johnson AFB
V-MH-53E
20th FW
JCATS – Joint Conflict and Tactical Simulation
CSP
UK RAF
JECEWSI – Joint Electronic Combat Warfare Simulation AWSIM WS ATI
4th FW
FT BENNING
JNETS – Joint Networks Simulation
SOF -SSE
JSAF – Joint Semi-Automated Forces
JSTARS – Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System
Live Forces
JQUAD – 4 simulations (JECEWSI, JOISIM, JCAS, JNETS)
SOF – 7TH SFG, UK SOF
MUSE - Multiple Unit Simulation Environment
Army – 34ID (RC)
Virtual Simulators
MDST – Missile Defense and Space Tool
Marines – 2nd MEB (-), 3 Cdo
AC-130 and MH-53
ST
th
th
NWARS – National Wargaming System
Air Force – 1 , 4 , 20 FWs, UK RAF
EP-3 MAST – EP-3 Mission Avionics System Trainer
SIGS- Synthetic Imagery Generation System
Navy – COMSECONDFLT, INVINCIBLE
SSE- Squad Synthetic Environment
TACSIM – Tactical Simulation of Intelligence Systems
BATTLE GROUP, NASSAU ATG, MINE
ASTi – Advanced Simulation Technologies Inc.
TBMCS – Theater Battle Management Core Systems
COUNTERMEASURES – Gulf of Mexico
TESS – Tactical Engagement Simulation System
20
Road Map to IOC
Horizontal Training Event
Western Range Complex
Integration Training Event
Eastern / Gulf Range Complex
A Full Integration Exercise with a
brigade rotation at the National
Training Center, Air Warrior from
Nellis AFB, and USMC Combat
Arms Exercise, 29 Palms
A Bilateral Exercise Employing Joint
and Combined Forces in a littoral
environment involving forces at Camp
Lejeune, Cherry Point, Eglin AFB, Shaw
AFB, Ft Story, USS Nassau, USS Mt
Whitney, USS John F. Kennedy, JWFC
JNTC
FOC
Oct 09
Jul 03 Oct 03 Jan 04 Feb 04 Mar 04 Apr 04 May 04 Jun 04 Jul 04 Aug 04 Sep 04 Oct 04
Horizontal Training Event
Eastern Range Complex
JNTC Horizontal Exercise involving
Joint Readiness Training Center, Ft.
Polk and Air Warrior II, Barksdale AFB
Vertical Training Event
Eastern Range Complex
JNTC Vertical Exercise designed to
train USNORTHCOM Staff, JTF,
Components, and Government
Agencies
JNTC
IOC
Oct 04
21
Joint Assessment and Enabling
Capability
Mission: Ensure the systematic assessment of joint training and the
effect from Training Transformation; provide enabling tools and
procedures to JKDDC and JNTC to enhance joint force readiness
Customers: COCOMs; OSD; Joint Staff; JMOs; Military Services;
Interagency; Coalition Partners
Goals:
• Dynamic Joint Training System with next Generation Tools and
Metrics
• Robust Joint Lessons Learned Capability
• System that Tracks Joint Qualifications and Experience
• Linkage of Joint Training Outcomes to Readiness
• New Joint Mission Essential Tasks for Interagency and Coalition
• New Training Assessment Guidelines Policies
• Joint Training System Enterprise Architecture
• Advanced Assessment Tools and Metrics
• T2 Block Assessments and Recommendations
22
Joint Assessment and Enabling Capability
Strategic
Transformation
Appraisal
JNTC
T2 Capabilities
Joint
Operational
Concepts
Unit
Staff
JAEC
Training
Value
DOTMLPF
Individual
JKDDC
Outcomes
Barriers
Defense
Readiness
Reporting System
Strategy and
Investments
23
Performance Assessment
Concept
T2 Vector Assessments
• COCOM Alignment
• Service Alignment
• Force Transformation Alignment
T2 Integration Assessments
• Policy integration
• Program and process integration
• Information systems integration
T2 Training Value Assessments
• Joint Educated and Trained Personnel - quantity
• Staffs & Unit skill mix
• Responsiveness to COCOM requirements changes
T2 metrics evolve over time to guide achievement of successive outcomes
Throughput
Innovation
Transparency
All Forces Joint
Educated and Trained
Enable Environment to
Create New Joint
Operational Capabilities
Mid-Term Outcomes
Dynamic Mission
Planning and Rehearsal
Near-Term Outcome
Far-Term Outcomes
Source: 2004 DoD Training Transformation Implementation Plan (Section 1.0)
24
Training Capabilities AoA
Way Ahead
• SSG Decision Recap
• Blended Course of Action for future training
• Agree to content/structure of Final Report
•
•
•
•
•
AoA Report ready for final staffing NLT 15 July
Deliver AoA Report to USD (AT&L) NLT 1 August
Schedule next SSG or T2 ESG update in Aug 04
Develop programmatic level detail for FY 06-11
Reengage program review process later this year
•
Initiate draft Program Change Proposal (PCP)
• Respond to brief Congress within 90 days
25
Dr. Chu’s Challenge to MORS
2003
Conduct assessments and make recommendations
Scientific and technological innovations
•
Improved net-centric tools, processes, and methods
New analytical methods and measures
•
•
•
•
Joint training effectiveness and joint readiness
Adaptability / intuitively joint response
New joint operational concepts
Cross-cultural and organization interoperability
26
For additional information on
Transforming DoD Training
www.T2net.org
MORS Mini-Symposium/Workshop
28-30 September 2004
SAIC Conference Center
Tysons Corner VA
www.mors.org