Creating Systems of
Student Support
Presentation Goals
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Promote the development of a “system” of
student support.
Introduce the “Summit Initiative” including
available resources.
Elements of a proposed model at district &
building level.
Presentation Outline
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Current Status of Student Support efforts
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A New Conceptual Framework (Summit Initiative)
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Overview of Mechanisms/Formats
Forces at work
Fragmentation & Marginalization
Interconnected Systems
The “Three Component” Model
The “Enabling Component”
District & Building Planning Models
Resources
Overview of Student Support
Delivery Mechanisms/Formats
1. School Financed Student Support Services
2. Classroom-Based Curriculum and Special “PullOut” Interventions
3. School District Specialized Units
4. Formal Connections with Community Services
5. Comprehensive, Multifaceted, and Integrated
Approaches
Forces At Work...
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Students presenting diverse needs
requiring variety of resources.
Schools charged with producing a
wide range of products.
Society demanding higher student
achievement than ever before.
(Natriello, et.al., 1990)
Forces At Work (cont.)...
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Implement NCLB
Implement IDEA
Economy/Funding Issues
Fragmented Student Support?
Psychological
Services
Boys & Girls
Club
Special
Education
Health
Services
After-School
Programs
Health
Education
Pupil Services
Violence & Crime
Prevention
Juvenile Court
Services
Special
Clinics
HIV/AIDS
Prevention
Nursing
Services
Nutrition
Education
School
Community-Based
Programs
Mental Health
Services
Family
Counseling
Protective
Services
School Lunch
Program
Guidance
Programs
Social
Services
Drug
Prevention
Discipline
Procedures
Pregnancy
Prevention
Subs. Abuse
Assessment
IDEA
Discipline Rules
Bigger Problem: Marginalization
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School District Organization & Operation
School Improvement Planning (groups)
Implementation of Special Education
District level agenda vs building needs
Summit Initiative: Interconnected Systems
School Resources
Community Resources
Enrichment & recreation
Health Education
Drug & alcohol education
Transition support
Conflict resolution programs
Positive Behavior Support
Youth development programs
Public health & safety programs
Immunizations
Recreation & enrichment
Child abuse education
Pregnancy prevention
Violence prevention
Dropout prevention
Classroom accommodations
Student Support Groups
Special Education
Remedial programs
Counseling Services
Violence Risk Assessment
Systems for Positive Development
&
Systems of Prevention
Systems of Early Intervention
Systems of Care
Early id. of health problems
Shelter, food, clothing
Job programs
Foster placement
Various counseling services
Parenting classes/programs
Crisis Intervention
Probation/incarceration
Subsidies/SSI
Hospitalization
Three-Component Model for Reform
and Restructuring
Instructional Component
(facilitate learning)
What’s Missing?
Student
School
Family
Community
Management
Component
(governance/resources)
Three-Component Model for Reform
and Restructuring
Instructional Component
(facilitate learning)
Enabling Component
Student
School
Family
Community
Management
Component
(governance/resources)
“A comprehensive, multifaceted
approach for addressing
barriers to learning”
- to address barriers to learning
- enable individual students to
learn
An Enabling Component - The Concept
Range of Learners
Ready & able
to learn
No Barriers
Instructional
Component
Desired
Outcome
Classroom Teaching
+
Enrichment
Activity
Lacking prerequisites,
minor vulnerabilities.
Dif. learning styles
Enabling
Component
Avoidant, very deficient
capabilities, disability,
complex family needs
“A comprehensive, multifaceted
approach for addressing
barriers to learning”
The Enabling Component - Activity Clusters
Crisis/
emergency
assistance &
prevention
Classroomfocused
enabling
Student &
family
assistance
Infrastructure
-leadership
-resource coord.
-policy/procedure
Community
outreach/
volunteers
Transition
support
Home
involvement
in schooling
Classroomfocused
enabling
Programmatic activity to enhance
classroom-based efforts to enable
learning through such activities as…
1. Increasing Teachers’ effectiveness in accommodating
wider range of individual differences.
2. Determine individual student needs.
3. Provide temporary out-of-class assistance to students.
4. Identify needed resources to address student needs.
5. Develop capabilities of para-educators, volunteers, etc..
Support
for
Transitions
Programmatic activity designed to
reduce the difficulties students
experience from major life
transitions. Some examples
include….
1. New student arrival/enrollment.
2. Articulation strategies to support grade level transitions
or special education placement transitions.
3. Before and after school activities.
4. School to summer vacation activities.
5. Elementary to middle school orientation activities.
Home
Involvement
in Schooling
A range of programs are included
here. They include activities to….
1. Address the learning and support needs of adults in the home.
2. Help families learn how to support students with school work.
3. Improve communication and connections between home and
school/teachers
4. Elicit partnerships from those at home to meet school and
community needs.
Crisis
Assistance
and
Prevention
Schools must have the capacity to
Respond to, minimize the impact of,
And prevent crises. This requires
systematic programs for….
1. Emergency response at a school or school/community.
2. Minimize risk factors to prevent crises related to violence,
suicide, and child abuse.
Key Mechanism: The development of a crisis response team.
Student and
Family
Assistance
This area encompasses most of the services
available from the community that are the
focus of the integrated service model. In
other words, resources from outside the
school.
Community
Outreach &
Volunteers
The focus of this area is on making the effort
to reach out. The who, how, when. For
schools to be integral community partners,
steps must be taken to create and maintain
collaborative connections. One major facet of
this activity area is the establishment of
programs designed to recruit, train, and
maintain volunteers to assist students.
Building Infrastructure Models
Example #1
Principal
School
Improvement Team
Student Assistance
Team
Resource
Coordinating Team
Building Infrastructure Models
Example #2
Principal
School
Improvement Team
Resource
Coordinating Team
Student Assistance
Team
District Infrastructure Model
Board of Education/
Superintendent
Board Committee
Structure
District
Administration
District
Councils/Committees
Finance/
Personnel
Finance &
Personnel
School
Improvement
Instruction/
Curriculum
Teaching &
Learning
Instructional
Council
Student
Support
Pupil
Services
Student Support
Council
Resource Aids: Summit Initiative
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
Examples of Policy Statements
Phasing in the Enabling Component
Expanding Standards and Accountability
Job Descriptions for Student Support Leadership
Reframing the Roles and Functions of Student Support Staff
Establishing a Resource-Oriented Team at a School Site
Weaving School & Community Resources
Rethinking a School Board’s Committee Structure
Levels of Competence and Professional Development
Center Concept Paper: Appendix B - Research Base
References
• Natriello, McDill, & Pallas, Schooling Disadvantaged Children:
Racing Against Catastrophe, Teachers College Press, Columbia
University, New York, NY, 1990.
• H.S. Adelman & L. Taylor, On Understanding Intervention in
Psychology and Education, Westport, Ct.: Praeger.
• Center for Mental Health in Schools, School Mental Health
Project, Dept. of Psychology, UCLA, LosAngeles, Ca, 90095.
– Website: http://smhp.psych.ucla.edu
This
Button
“Typical” Classroom
Low
Success
In School
High
Current Approach
Title I
Special Education
ESL
Volunteer
Student Support Approach
“Unique Needs Focus”
Behavior
Support
Reading
Instruction #1
Reading
Instruction #2
Family/Agency
Referrals
Evolution of Student Support
Model
Characteristics
Label - Place
- pull-out model
- eligibility
- reactive
- medical model
- legalistic/funding
Problem Solving
- focus on “needs”
- collaborative
- cross-categorical
- rational
- reactive
Systemic
- proactive
- range of interventions
- inclusive
- admin. integrated
- non-categorical
- planning intensive