Preparing Our Staff for Healthier Students:
Lessons and Leadership
Sponsored by
Commission for Wellness
American College Personnel Association
Mark Kretovics, Ph.D.
David Anderson, Ph.D.
Higher Education Administration and Student Personnel College of Education and Human Development
kent.edu
1
caph.gmu.edu
Session Outline
•
•
•
•
•
•
Background and Research Objectives
Research Methodology
Findings: Professionals
Findings: Academic Preparation Programs
Findings: Academic Coursework
Recommendations for Leadership
kent.edu
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Workshop Objectives
• To learn the current state of affairs with a range of
wellness needs among students and professionals
• To synthesize current course content and academic
resources
• To create specific recommendations for academic
preparation programs and professional development
activities
kent.edu
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What is the Need?
• Extent of campus problems associated with a range of
wellness issues
• How well prepared student affairs professionals are to
deal with these issues
• The nature of attention to these wellness issues in
academic preparation programs
kent.edu
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90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
19
79
19
82
19
85
19
88
19
91
19
94
19
97
20
00
20
03
20
06
20
09
20
12
Percent of Student Use
USE OF ALCOHOL BY TRADITIONAL-AGE COLLEGE STUDENTS:
30 DAY USE and HEAVY DRINKING
Year
Heavier Drinking
30 Day Use
M oni t or i ng t he Fut ur e
kent.edu
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19
79
19
82
19
85
19
88
19
91
19
94
19
97
20
00
20
03
20
06
20
09
20
12
Percent of Student Use
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Year
Heavier Drinking
kent.edu
Monitoring
the the
Future
(Monitoring
Future)
6
Campus Effort
(College Alcoholcaph.gmu.edu
Survey)
Mean Percentages
Alcohol’s Involvement In Violent Behavior and
Property Damage
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1985
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003
2006
2009
Physical Injury
Violent Behavior
Residence Hall Damage
Campus Property Damage
2012
Violation of Campus Policy
kent.edu
7
7
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Alcohol's Involvement in Academic Achievement
100
Percent Affirmative Responses
90
Lack of Academic Success
Student Attrition
Diminished Performance
Missed Classes
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1985
kent.edu
1988
1991
1994
1997
8
2000
2003
2006
8
2009
2012
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Sources of Academic Impacts
reported by students over the past 12 months
Anxiety
19.7%
Depression
12.6%
Sleep
difficulties
19.4%
kent.edu
Concern for a
troubled friend or
family member
Relationship
difficulties
Stress
Source: ACHA
National College Health Assessment
Spring, 2013
9
10.4%
9.7%
28.5%
caph.gmu.edu
Violence, Abusive Relationships,
and Personal Safety
reported by students over the past 12 months
A verbal threat
A physical fight
18.2%
6.2%
An emotionally abusive intimate
relationship
A physically abusive intimate
relationship
9.5%
kent.edu
Source: ACHA
National College Health Assessment
Spring, 2013
10
2.3%
caph.gmu.edu
Nutrition and Exercise
reported by students over the past day or week
Ate 3-4 servings of fruits and vegetables
per day
Ate 5 or more servings of fruits and
vegetables per day
Met recommendation for moderateintensity exercise, vigorous-intensity
exercise, or a combination of the two
kent.edu
Source: ACHA
National College Health Assessment
Spring, 2013
11
28.9%
6.3%
48.8%
caph.gmu.edu
Mental Health
reported by students over the past 12 months
Yes, in the
last 2 weeks
Any time within the
last 12 months
Felt things were hopeless
Felt exhausted (not from physical activity)
15.9%
46.4%
45.0%
79.1%
Felt overwhelmed by all you had to do
Felt very lonely
Felt overwhelming anxiety
Felt very sad
48.4%
22.3%
20.4%
23.3%
83.7%
55.9%
51.0%
59.6%
kent.edu
Source: ACHA
National College Health Assessment
Spring, 2013
12
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Research Methodology
•
•
•
•
Determination of key wellness areas
Review of academic preparation program requirements
Professional assessment (1,900 full-time student affairs professionals)
Academic program assessment (180 programs)
– On-Line Program Review
– Program Coordinator Review
– Academic Affairs Assessment
• IRB review
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Wellness Areas of Study
Alcohol Abuse
Illicit Drug Abuse
(marijuana,
cocaine, designer
drugs)
Prescription Drug
Abuse
Eating Disorders /
Problems
Body Image
Relationships
Nutrition
Stress
Management
Physical Exercise
Maintaining School
– Work – Life
Balance
Emotional Health
Mental Health
(depression and
other clinical
issues)
Disability
Awareness
Other Challenges
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Key Assessment Questions:
Student Affairs Professionals
If you supervise one or more professional staff, please
answer the following two questions:
[1=not at all to 5 = very much]
1. Focusing on the students served in your functional area,
to what extent do your full-time professional staff
members believe each of the following to be a problem
or area of concern among students?
2. Overall, for these professional staff in your functional
area, how well prepared are they to work with each of
the following issues?
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Professionals Assessment
• N = 1,900
• Responses from 545 (29%)
• Analysis based on:
– Professional role – job setting
– Years of experience
– Area of academic preparation
kent.edu
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Professionals Assessment
Perceived Extent of the Problem or Concern
Stress Management
Mental Health
Emotional Health
Maintaining School-Work-Life Balance
Alcohol Abuse
Relationships
Illicit Drug Abuse
Body Image
Nutrition
Eating Disorders
Physical Exercise
Prescription Drug Abuse
Disability Awareness
1 = not at all
kent.edu
5 = very much
1
1.5
17
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
caph.gmu.edu
5
Substance Abuse
5
Problem/Concern
Preparation
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
Alcohol
kent.edu
Illicit Drugs
18
Prescription Drugs
caph.gmu.edu
Eating Disorders, Body Image and Nutrition
5
Problem/Concern
Preparation
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
Eating Disorders
kent.edu
Body Image
19
Nutrition
caph.gmu.edu
Psychological Related Topics
Problem/Concern
Preparation
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
Emotional Health
kent.edu
Mental Health
20
Relationships
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Stress and School-Work-Life Balance
Problem/Concern
Preparation
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
Stress Management
kent.edu
School/Work/Life Balance
21
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Additional Topics
5
Problem/Concern
Preparation
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
Disability Awareness
kent.edu
Physical Exercise
22
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Professional Roles for Analysis
Professional Role
N = 545
Housing
162
Student Affairs Administration
90
Student Activities
161
Judicial Affairs
76
Counseling
55
Greek Affairs
34
Health/Wellness
74
Recreation/Intramurals
25
Note: numbers do not sum to 545 as respondents may report
more than one area of professional responsibility
kent.edu
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Level of Concern Compared With Preparation
Based on Professional Role:
Alcohol Abuse
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
Need / Concern
kent.edu
24
Preparation
caph.gmu.edu
Level of Concern Compared With Preparation
Based on Professional Role:
Illicit Drug Abuse
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
Need / Concern
kent.edu
25
Preparation
caph.gmu.edu
Level of Concern Compared With Preparation
Based on Professional Role:
Prescription Drug Abuse
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
Need / Concern
kent.edu
26
Preparation
caph.gmu.edu
Level of Concern Compared With Preparation
Based on Professional Role:
Stress Management
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
Need / Concern
kent.edu
27
Preparation
caph.gmu.edu
Level of Concern Compared With Preparation
Based on Professional Role:
Emotional Health
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
Need / Concern
kent.edu
28
Preparation
caph.gmu.edu
Level of Concern Compared With Preparation
Based on Professional Role:
Mental Health
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
Need / Concern
kent.edu
29
Preparation
caph.gmu.edu
Academic Program Preparation
Major Field of Study
N = 545
Counseling
99
Student Affairs, College Student Personnel,
Student Development
129
Higher Education
158
Social Sciences
91
Health related (special education,
rehabilitation, physical education )
37
Other administration (business
administration, public administration)
37
kent.edu
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165
caph.gmu.edu
Level of Concern Compared With Preparation
Based on Academic Program Preparation:
Alcohol Abuse
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
Counseling
kent.edu
Student Affairs /
CSP / Student
Development
Higher Education
Need / Concern
Preparation
31
Social Sciences /
Health / Other
Administration
caph.gmu.edu
Level of Concern Compared With Preparation
Based on Academic Program Preparation:
Illicit Drug Abuse
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
Counseling
kent.edu
Student Affairs /
CSP / Student
Development
Higher Education
Need / Concern
Preparation
32
Social Sciences /
Health / Other
Administration
caph.gmu.edu
Level of Concern Compared With Preparation
Based on Academic Program Preparation :
Prescription Drug Abuse
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
Counseling
kent.edu
Student Affairs /
CSP / Student
Development
Higher Education
Need / Concern
Preparation
33
Social Sciences /
Health / Other
Administration
caph.gmu.edu
Level of Concern Compared With Preparation
Based on Academic Program Preparation:
Stress Management
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
Counseling
kent.edu
Student Affairs /
CSP / Student
Development
Higher Education
Need / Concern
Preparation
34
Social Sciences /
Health / Other
Administration
caph.gmu.edu
Level of Concern Compared With Preparation
Based on Academic Program Preparation:
Emotional Health
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
Counseling
kent.edu
Student Affairs /
CSP / Student
Development
Higher Education
Need / Concern
Preparation
35
Social Sciences /
Health / Other
Administration
caph.gmu.edu
Level of Concern Compared With Preparation
Based on Academic Program Preparation:
Mental Health
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
Counseling
kent.edu
Student Affairs /
CSP / Student
Development
Higher Education
Need / Concern
Preparation
36
Social Sciences /
Health / Other
Administration
caph.gmu.edu
Professionals’ Years of Service
Professional Years
0–4
5-10
11-20
More than 20
kent.edu
37
N = 545
119
153
157
126
caph.gmu.edu
Level of Concern Compared With Preparation
Based on Years of Experience:
Alcohol Abuse
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0 - 4 Years
5 - 10 Years
Need / Concern
kent.edu
38
11 - 20 Years
More than 20 Years
Preparation
caph.gmu.edu
Level of Concern Compared With Preparation
Based on Years of Experience:
Illicit Drug Abuse
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0 - 4 Years
5 - 10 Years
Need / Concern
kent.edu
39
11 - 20 Years
More than 20 Years
Preparation
caph.gmu.edu
Level of Concern Compared With Preparation
Based on Years of Experience:
Prescription Drug Abuse
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0 - 4 Years
5 - 10 Years
Need / Concern
kent.edu
40
11 - 20 Years
More than 20 Years
Preparation
caph.gmu.edu
Level of Concern Compared With Preparation
Based on Years of Experience:
Stress Management
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0 - 4 Years
5 - 10 Years
Need / Concern
kent.edu
41
11 - 20 Years
More than 20 Years
Preparation
caph.gmu.edu
Level of Concern Compared With Preparation
Based on Years of Experience:
Emotional Health
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0 - 4 Years
5 - 10 Years
Need / Concern
kent.edu
42
11 - 20 Years
More than 20 Years
Preparation
caph.gmu.edu
Level of Concern Compared With Preparation
Based on Years of Experience:
Mental Health
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0 - 4 Years
5 - 10 Years
Need / Concern
kent.edu
43
11 - 20 Years
More than 20 Years
Preparation
caph.gmu.edu
Academic Programs Assessment
• Website Review of Academic Requirements
• E-Mail Contact of Academic Program Coordinators
– N = 180
– Responses from 98 (54%)
• On-Line Survey: Academic Program Coordinators
– N = 180
– Responses from 73 (40.1%)
– Descriptive Review
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Website Review of Academic Requirements:
Wellness Offerings in Preparation Programs
• Data was collected from
http://naspa.org/
http://www.petersons.com/
http://grad-schools.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/
best-graduate-schools
• Reviewed plan of study/course curriculum of 180
Higher Education Administration / Student Affairs related
Masters Programs
kent.edu
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• Within the 180 programs, 43 had courses in the following general
areas:
– counseling with college students
– helping skills for practitioners
– intervention skills
– counseling skills
• Of these 43, only three institutions had workshops or seminar
courses on wellness or alcohol/substance abuse:
The College of Saint Rose: EPY 637 Substance Abuse
Prevention Workshop (no credit)
University of South Florida: EDF 6935: Wellness
Seminar (required)
University of Connecticut: EDLR-5112 Alcohol and Other
Drugs and Their Influence on Higher Education (elective)
kent.edu
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Wellness Offerings in Masters Preparation Programs
No course on
Wellness and
Alcohol/substance
abuse
2%
Courses such as
counseling with
college students,
helping skills for
practitioners,
intervention skills,
counseling skills
Courses
(workshops) on
Wellness and
alcohol/substance
abuse
kent.edu
22%
76%
47
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E-Mail Contact of Academic Program Coordinators
• Data collection was done with180 program coordinators of the
higher education administration/student affairs/college student
personnel programs. An email request addressed the following
questions:
1. Does your program offers any course(s) specific to wellness
and/or substance abuse for masters students in your
Higher Education/College Student Personnel/Student Affairs
program?
2. Does your program have a requirement for masters
students to take a course in this subject area?
3. If you do offer this course, would you please provide the
course title and credit hours?
kent.edu
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• 98 of 180 (54.4%) program coordinators responded to
the email inquiry
* 63 (64.3%) programs do not offer courses on Wellness
and Alcohol/Substance Abuse
* 22 (22.4%) programs indicated that they do not offer a
course but address the topic in some of their courses
* 13 (13.3%) programs offer courses on Wellness or
Alcohol/Substance Abuse as an elective but through
other departments (i.e. counseling)
kent.edu
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Wellness Offerings in Preparation Programs
No course on
Wellness and
Alcohol Abuse
13%
No course but the
topic is addressed in
some courses
23%
64%
Yes as an elective but
mostly through other
departments (i.e.
counseling)
kent.edu
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Academic Affairs Assessment
On-Line Survey
• To what extent does your academic program prepare
students to deal with each of the following?
[1=not at all to 5 = extremely well]
• For those questions where your response is 3 or higher,
what strategies or approaches are used to accomplish
this?
• What plans does your program have for increasing the
level to which any of the topics are addressed with your
students?
73 respondents of
180 academic programs
(40.6%)
kent.edu
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Academic Affairs Assessment: On-Line Survey
Extent to Which the Program Addresses the Problem or Concern
Disability Awareness
Maintaining School-Work-Life Balance
Emotional Health
Mental Health
Relationships
Stress Management
Alcohol Abuse
Illicit Drug Abuse
Physical Exercise
Eating Disorders
Prescription Drug Abuse
Body Image
Nutrition
1 = not at all
kent.edu
5 = very much
1
1.5
52
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
caph.gmu.edu
5
Problem and Academic Preparation
Perceived Extent of the Problem and
Academic Program Preparation
Stress Management
Mental Health
Emotional Health
Maintaining School-Work-Life Balance
Alcohol Abuse
Relationships
Illicit Drug Abuse
Body Image
Nutrition
Eating Disorders
Physical Exercise
Prescription Drug Abuse
Disability Awareness
1
kent.edu
1 = not at all
1.5
53
ACADEMIC PROGRAM
5 = very much
2
2.5
3
3.5
EXTENT OF PROBLEM
4
4.5
caph.gmu.edu
5
Professional Preparation
Academic Program (from academic coordinators) vs.
Staff Preparation (from student affairs staff respondents)
Stress Management
Mental Health
Emotional Health
Maintaining School-Work-Life Balance
Alcohol Abuse
Relationships
Illicit Drug Abuse
Body Image
Nutrition
Eating Disorders
Physical Exercise
Prescription Drug Abuse
Disability Awareness
1
kent.edu
1 = not at all
1.5
54
ACADEMIC PROGRAM
5 = very much
2
2.5
3
3.5
STAFF PREPARATION
4
4.5
caph.gmu.edu
5
Topical Integration: Alcohol
Coursework
Internship/Assistantship
Discussions
Theme
Counseling
Assistantship
Case Studies
Workshops/Seminars/Trainings
Practicum
Readings/Literature
Guest Speaker
0
kent.edu
10
55
20
30
40
Frequency
50
60
caph.gmu.edu
Topical Integration: Alcohol
Theme
Examples
Coursework
In class discussion such as; alcohol abuse & culture;
consequences of using on campus, counseling and abuse,
pathophysiology of abuse
Internship/Assistantship
Residence life, community partnerships, internship with VA
hospital psychology department, Drug & Alcohol Campus
office
Workshops / Seminars /
Trainings
Alcohol Campus Education series training, seminar on
working with students dealing with alcohol and drug
use/abuse
Counseling
Techniques such as motivational interviewing
Readings / Literature
Relevant articles
kent.edu
56
caph.gmu.edu
Topical Integration: Illicit Drugs
Coursework
Theme
Counseling
Internships
Training/Workshops
Case Study
Guest Speaker
0
kent.edu
5
10
15
57
20
25
Frequency
30
35
40
45
caph.gmu.edu
Topical Integration: Illicit Drugs
Theme
Examples
Coursework
Lifetime Wellness course, education on intervening
with drug use
Internships/Assistantships
Residence Life, Partnership and wellness center
Counseling
Practice time – addressing issues in group and
individual therapy
Seminars/Trainings
Individual and group counseling trainings
kent.edu
58
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Topical Integration: Prescription Drugs
Coursework
Counseling
Themes
Internships
Discussion
Trainings
Reading/Literature
Case Study
Practicum
Guest Speaker
0
kent.edu
5
10
59
15
Frequency
20
25
30
caph.gmu.edu
Topical Integration: Prescription Drugs
Theme
Examples
Coursework
Theory class, education on social marketing of products;
Contemporary Issues Among College Students course
Counseling
Counseling the Chemically Dependent course
Internships
Internship with local VA hospital psychology department
Readings
Conducted a literature review on the topic
kent.edu
60
caph.gmu.edu
Topical Integration: Stress Management
Workshops/Seminars/Trainings
Internship/Assistantship/Field work
Theme
Coursework
At Orientation Informally
Understanding Campus Relevant…
Readings/Literature
Self Awareness and Wellbeing
Mentoring
I'm not sure what exactly
N = 32 with scores of 3 to 5,
out of 73 respondents total
kent.edu
0
61
1
2
3
4
5
Frequency
6
7
caph.gmu.edu
8
Topical Integration: Stress Management
Theme
Examples
Coursework
Internship/Assistantship
Workshops / Seminars /
Trainings
Counseling
Readings / Literature
kent.edu
62
caph.gmu.edu
Topical Integration: Mental Health
Coursework
Workshops/Seminars/Trainings
Theme
Topic/Lecture in Course
Internship/Assistantship/Field work
Access to Health Professionals at Clinic
Understanding Campus Relevant…
Readings/Literature
Self Awareness and Wellbeing
Mentoring
N = 45 with scores of 3 to 5,
out of 73 respondents total
kent.edu
0
63
2
4
6
8 10 12 14 16 18
Frequency
caph.gmu.edu
Topical Integration: Mental Health
Theme
Examples
Coursework
The Ohio State University: Counseling Theory and
Practice
Internships/Assistantships
Staff Training in the Residence Halls
kent.edu
64
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Topical Integration: Emotional Health
Coursework
Workshops/Seminars/Trainings
Theme
Topic Within a Course
Internship/Assistantship/Field work
At Orientation Informally
Readings/Literature
Mentoring
N = 49 with scores of 3 to 5,
out of 73 respondents total
kent.edu
0
65
2
4
6
8
Frequency
10
12
14
caph.gmu.edu
Summary Findings
In virtually all cases, the perceived extent of concern or the problem on
wellness issues is greater than the level of preparation.
The perceived level of the problem regarding wellness issues, among college
administrators, is moderate.
Academic program preparation on wellness issues is viewed as moderate or
low.
There is no academic program that has a dedicated, required course on
drug or alcohol topics. Only one academic program (of 180) has a
dedicated, required course on wellness issues.
The infusion of drug and alcohol issues into courses is found, but to a
limited extent. The infusion of wellness issues (and with stress
management, mental health, and emotional health issues) into courses is
found to a limited extent.
Specific documentation of how an academic program achieves a relatively
high score on wellness issues is lacking.
kent.edu
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Recommendations for Leadership
Better address the obvious disconnect between the need (nature of the
problem) and the academic program preparation.
Discuss ways of infusing wellness issues into the curriculum, including
what is reasonable to cover and in what format
Conduct systematic program reviews to monitor attention to current issues
and student needs in substantive and appropriate ways for new
professionals.
Assess the current practical problems new professionals deal with,
including how much time wellness issues take up with practitioners.
Share strategies, syllabi, and obstacles/challenges
Get involved with appropriate membership groups, such as knowledge
communities, commission, faculty fellows programs, etc.
Other suggestions????
kent.edu
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Workshop Objectives
• To learn the current state of affairs with a range of
wellness needs among students and professionals
• To synthesize current course content and academic
resources
• To create specific recommendations for academic
preparation programs and professional development
activities
kent.edu
68
caph.gmu.edu
Contact Information
Mark Kretovics, Ph.D.
David S. Anderson, Ph.D.
Associate Professor, Foundations,
Leadership, and Administration
Professor of Education and Human
Development
Program Coordinator, Higher Education
Administration & Student Personnel
Director, Center for the Advancement of
Public Health
Kent State University
George Mason University
411 White Hall
MS 1 F 5
Kent, OH 44242
Fairfax, VA 22030
mkretov1@kent.edu
danderso@gmu.edu
330.672.0642
703-993-3698
http://www.kent.edu/ehhs/hied
www.caph.gmu.edu
kent.edu
69
caph.gmu.edu