Gas
Solid
Nonmetal
Metal
Solid
Solid
Nonmetal
Metal
Solid
Solid
Metalloid
Metal
Physical Properties:
• Nitrogen can be either a gas, liquid, or
a solid.
• Nitrogen gas is a colorless, odorless,
and tasteless gas.
• Liquid nitrogen is also colorless and
odorless, and is similar in appearance
to water.
• There are two allotropic forms of solid
nitrogen, a and b.
• Density : 1.25*10-3 g.cm-3 at 20°C
• Melting point : -210 °C
• Boiling point : -195.8 °C
Chemical Properties:
• It forms nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide with
oxygen, ammonia with hydrogen, and nitrogen
sulfide with sulfur.
• At high temperatures it will combine with certain
active metals, such as lithium, magnesium and
titanium to form nitrides.
• Nitrogen form compounds through biological
activity, at high temperature, or at moderate
temperature with the aid of catalysts
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=im
w8Y4x4ooo
Electron Configuration: 1s22s22p3
Nitrogen gas when inside a gas
discharge tube; glows blue-violet
Nitrogen makes up
78.09% of the air we
breathe
•Used in ammonia, NH3, production
•The electronics industry uses nitrogen gas as a
blanketing medium during production of
components like transistors or diodes.
•Used in strengthening stainless steel and other steel
mill products
•Used as a refrigerant for the immersion freezing of
food products and for transportation of foods so
they don’t go bad.
•The oil industry uses liquid nitrogen to create more
pressure in wells to force oil out of the ground.
•Liquid nitrogen is used as a controlled atmosphere
for explosive liquid storage tanks
Electron Configuration: 1s22s22p63s23p3
Physical Properties:
• Phosphorus can be a white, waxy solid, a brownishred powder, or a black solid.
• The boiling point of phosphorus is 280°C (536°F)
• The melting point of phosphorus is 44.3°C (111.7°F)
• The density of phosphorus is 1.82g/cc at 300K
Chemical Properties:
• It is highly poisonous, with a lethal dose of ~50 mg.
• White phosphorus causes severe burns when it
comes in contact with skin.
• Phosphorus is insoluble in water, but soluble in
carbon disulfide.
• White phosphorus is converted to red phosphorus
when exposed to sunlight or heated in its own
vapor to 250°C.
• Black phosphorus is the most poisonous.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JF
xljIb3JY0
In the natural world
phosphorous is never
encountered in its
pure form, but only as
phosphates, which
consists of a
phosphorous atom
bonded to four
oxygen atoms.
•Used in safety matches, smoke bombs, tracer
bullets, etc.
•Fertilizers
•Used in the manufacturing of special glasses like
the ones used in sodium lamps.
•Calcium phosphate, otherwise know as boneash, is used to produce fine chinaware and to
produce monocalcium phosphate used in baking
powder.
•Used in cleaning agents, water softeners, and
corrosion of pipes and boiler tubes
•Pesticides
•Explosives
•Road flares
Electron Configuration:
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p3
Chemical Properties:
•In heated air, it oxidizes and becomes arsenic trioxide
and this gives off a distinct smell of garlic
•Arsenic tarnishes rapidly in air
•Arsenic combines readily with many elements.
•The non metallic form of Arsenic is less reactive but will
dissolve when heated with strong oxidizing acids and
alkalis.
•Arsenic is VERY poisonous. It is one of chemicals that
has been classified by USEPA as a known human
carcinogen
Arsenic can be found
naturally on Earth in small
concentrations, whether that
would be in the soil and
Physical Properties:
•Arsenic appears in three allotropic forms: yellow, black minerals or in water and the
land due to wind-blown dust
and grey.
and water run-off. Arsenic
•The stable form of Arsenic is a silver-gray, brittle
found in the atmosphere can
crystalline solid. It is also very brittle.
•The melting point of Arsenic is 814 °C
come from recently erupted
•The boiling point of Arsenic is 615 °C
volcanoes, but most of the
-3
•The density of Arsenic is 5.7 g.cm at 14°C
arsenic found in our
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W
atmosphere is due to the
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burning of fossil fuels.
•Metal bronzing
•Pyrotechnics (i.e.
FIREWORKS!)
•The arsenide is used
as a laser material to
convert electricity
directly into light
Physical Properties:
•Antimony is a silvery-white, shiny element that looks
like a metal. It has a scaly surface and is hard and
brittle like a non-metal. It can also be prepared as a
black powder with a shiny brilliance to it.
•The melting point of antimony is 630°C (1,170°F).
•The boiling point of antimony is 1,635°C (2,980°F).
•Antimony is a relatively soft material that can be
scratched by glass
•Antimony has a density of 6.68 grams per cubic
centimeter.
Chemical Properties:
•Antimony does not combine with oxygen in the air at
room temperature.
•Antimony does not react with cold water or with
most cold acids.
•Antimony does dissolve in some hot acids, however,
and in aqua regia(a mixture of hydrochloric and nitric
acids).
Electron Configuration:
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d105p3.
Antimony is rarely found in its
native (as an element) state,
although it is found in the
Earth’s crust. Instead, it usually
occurs as a compound. The
most common minerals of
antimony are stibnite,
tetrahedrite, bournonite,
boulangerite, and jamesonite.
In most of these minerals,
antimony is combined
with sulfur to produce some
form of antimony sulfide
(Sb 2 S 3 ).
•Used to increase the hardness and
strength of lead
•Batteries
•Small arms and tracer bullets
•Cable sheathing
•Glass
•Pottery
•Paint
•A form of Antimony called hydrated
potassium antimonyltartate, is used in
medicine
Physical Properties:
•Bismuth is a white, crystalline, brittle metal with a
pinkish tint.
•Bismuth crystals are multi-colored and brittle.
•Bismuth’s thermal conductivity is lower than any
metal except mercury.
•Bismuth has the highest Hall effect(the greatest
increase in electrical resistance when placed in a
magnetic field) of any metal .
•Bismuth has a melting point of 271 °C
•Bismuth has a boiling point of 1420 °C
•Bismuth has a density of 9.80 g.cm-3 at 20°C
Chemical Properties:
•Bismuth is stable when it comes into contact with
oxygen and water but dissolves in concentrated
nitric air.
•All bismuth salts form insoluble compounds when put
into water.
Electron Configuration:
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d105p66s24f145d106p3
Bismuth occurs naturally as the
metal itself and is found as
crystals in the sulphides ores of
nickel, cobalt, silver and tin.
The chief areas where it is
mined are Bolivia, Peru', Japan,
Mexico and Canada, but only
to the extent of 3.000 tones per
year. There is no reliable
estimate of how much bismuth
is available to be mined, but it
seems unlikely than there will
ever be a shortage of this
metal.
•Used in producing
malleable irons
•Cosmetics
•Fire detection devices
•Extinguishing systems
•Medicine
•UUP has no uses as only a very few atoms
of this element have been identified .
•Ununpentium is the temporary name of a
artificially produced radioactive
chemical element that has the temporary
symbol Uup and has the atomic number
115. It was discovered from the
bombardment of atoms of Americium243 with ions of calcium-48.
Uup is a
radioactive manmade element.
Therefore, it is not
found in nature
Electron Configuration:
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p64f145d106s26p65f146d107s27p3
•Due to its high level of toxicity, arsenic has
been named as the ‘Kings of Poison’.
•The sound you hear when you crack your
knuckles is actually nitrogen gas bubbles
popping .
•Phosphorus compounds are vital for life.
Phosphorus is the sixth most abundant element
in living organisms.
•Bismuth has a half-life of over a billion times as
long as the ESTIMATED AGE OF THE UNIVERSE.
•In some countries, antimony was used as eye
makeup for centuries.