Module II
Network Analysis Techniques
& Theorems
1
Learning Outcome
At the end of this
chapter, students
should be able to
• Learn network
analysis
techniques
• Learn network
theorems and its
application to
analyse networks
2
From syllabus for Module II
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Introduction
Basic Electric Laws
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Ohms law
Kirchoff’s laws
Voltage and Current Division rules
Nodal analysis
Mesh analysis
Star - Delta transformation
Source transformation
3
From syllabus for Module II
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Network theorems
Thevenin’s
 Superposition
 Norton
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Reciprocity
4
Lession I
Ohm’s Law
From syllabus for Lession I
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Introduction
Building Electric Circuits
Ohm’s Law
Resistances in series and parallel
Application of Ohm’s Law
6
Basic Circuit Components
We represent real electrical components with symbols
1.5V
1.5 V
A Battery…
…can be represented with this
symbol
…called a “DC voltage source”
A DC Voltage Source
• Provides Power for our circuit
• Battery or Lab ‘power supply’ is an example
• DC voltage is supplied across the two terminals
• Its voltage is VOLTS (V)
Basic Circuit Components
We represent real electrical components with symbols
A Light Bulb…or any ‘device’…
RΩ
…can be represented with this
symbol
…called a “resistor”
A Resistor
• Represents any device that requires power to operate
• Could be a light bulb, your computer, a toaster, etc.
• Each device has a certain amount of ‘resistance’, R, in
the unit called: OHMS (Ω)
Basic Circuit Components
We represent real electrical components with symbols
The Earth…
…can be represented with this
symbol
…called the “ground” symbol
The Ground
• Represents 0 volts
• We use it as a ‘reference’ voltage…to measure other
voltages against it
• The ‘Earth’ is at 0 volts, so we call this ground
Building a Circuit…

We wish to ‘power’ our
flashlight’s light bulb…
 We need a battery…
1.5 V
 We need to attach the
light bulb to the
battery…
 We use wires to
connect the light bulb
to the battery…
Instead…let's represent the real components with their
symbols
Building a Circuit…
creating a schematic

.5 Ω
1.5V
1.5 V
Since this “node” is at GND (OV) this node
must be 1.5Volts higher
Replace the battery
with a ‘DC Voltage
Source’ symbol
 Replace the light bulb
with a ‘Resistor’
symbol
 Mark the symbol’s
values (V=, R=, etc.)
 Add the Ground
reference
0V
Instead…let's represent the real components with their
symbols
Circuit Symbols
Component Name
Battery
Joined wires
Variable resistor
Fuse
Earth
Capacitor
Thermistor
Light dependent resistor
Light emitting diode
Symbol
OHM’S LAW
Ohm’s Law and Electrical Quantities
Ohm’s Law states that it takes one volt to push
one ampere through one ohm.
E=IxR
I = Amps
E = Volts
R = Resistance
Ohm’s Law and Electrical Quantities
Using the Ohm’s law chart.
E=IxR
I=E/R
R=E/I
Ohm’s Law and Electrical Quantities
Adding P (watts) to the Ohm’s law chart.
E2
P= / R
P=ExI
P = I2 x R
R=E/I
R = P / I2
R = E2 / P
Ohm’s Law
I = PPRR
I=P/E
I=E/R
E = PR
E=IxR
E=P/I