“4-H Purpose, History,
and Structure”
4-H 101
CES Staff Development Series
Thursday, October 15, 2009, 10:00 a.m.
by
Steve McKinley
Carl Broady
mckinles@purdue.edu; broady@purdue.edu;
765-494-8435
765-494-8435
To access PowerPoint slides, visit:
• U: drive, “State YDAE” file folder, then
“4-H 101” file folder
To ask questions during
presentation, type in the Chat box
• Lower left hand corner of your screen
4-H 101 Series
• 4-H Purpose, History, and Structure
(10/15/09)
• Effectively Utilizing Volunteers (11/10/09)
• Starting and Maintaining 4-H Clubs
(12/10/09)
• Expanding 4-H Opportunities (1/12/10)
• Working with 4-H Parents (2/18)
• Characteristics of Positive Youth
Development & Life Skill Development (3/9)
4-H Purpose, History, and
Structure
Objectives:
1. Define the mission and vision of 4-H and
Purdue Extension.
2. Characterize the uniqueness of the 4-H
program.
3. Identify significant historical events related
to the 4-H program.
4. Recognize significant historical events related
to the Cooperative Extension Service.
5. Illustrate the structure of the 4-H program
on the national, state, and local level.
6. Describe participation in the 4-H program on
the national, state, and local level.
Objective #1: Define the mission and
vision of 4-H and Purdue Extension.
National 4-H Mission
• 4-H empowers youth to reach their full
potential, working and learning in
partnership with caring adults.
National 4-H Vision
• A world in which youth and adults
learn, grow and work together as
catalysts for positive change.
Indiana 4-H Mission
• “The Indiana 4-H Youth Development
mission is to provide real-life
educational opportunities that develop
young people who positively impact
their community and world.”
September, 2009
Indiana 4-H Vision
• “Indiana 4-H Youth Development strives
to be the premier, community-based
program empowering young people to
reach their full potential.”
September, 2009
Purdue Extension Mission
• “The mission of the Purdue University
Cooperative Extension Service is the
education of Indiana citizens through
application of the land-grant university
research and knowledge base for the
benefit of agriculture, youth, families,
and communities.”
Purdue Extension Vision
• Empower clientele to access information, sort
through and process it
• Develop volunteers who share time and
expertise
• Accomplished by…
– Utilizing appropriate technologies and
communication networks
– Creating a climate for our staff to realize their
potential while being team players
– Focusing on excellence
Objective #2: Characterize the
uniqueness of the 4-H program.
What makes the 4-H program unique?
• Presence in every county
• Funding sources (federal, state, local)
• Connection to land-grant university
• Only federally approved and organized
youth development organization in the
nation
• What makes 4-H unique in ___ County?
4-H Characteristics…
• Largest out-of-school youth organization
in the U.S. with 6 million + members
• Cooperative Extension staff responsible
for 4-H in every county in U.S.
• 80+ countries have some form of 4-H
• Provides programs that are hands-on,
age-appropriate, and university-based
• Supported by 518,000 Volunteers
• 60 million alumni
Objective #3: Identify significant historical
events related to the 4-H program.
• 1902: First organized 4-H Clubs formed (OH)
• 1904: First organized 4-H Clubs formed in
Indiana (Hamilton County), under direction of
John Haines – Boys Corn Club and Girls Bread
Club
• 1907-1908: 3-leaf clover designed by O.H.
Benson (for Head, Hearts, and Hands)
• 1911: 4th leaf added to clover for “Hustle”
(later changed to Health)
4-H Historical events continued…
• 1912: 1st Extension Agent hired, Leonard B.
Clore in LaPorte Co.
• 1912: Z.M. Smith first State 4-H Leader
• 1913: “Clore Bill” passed Indiana legislature
authorizing $30,000 annually for Extension
• 1915: 1st market hog class shown at Indiana
State Fair
• 1919: 1,500 youth attend first 4-H Round-Up
4-H Historical events continued…
• 1927: 4-H Pledge composed by Otis Hall,
Montgomery Co., IN, adopted (“and my
world” added in 1973)
• 1932: 1st State 4-H Junior Leader Conference
conducted
• 1942-1945: Indiana State Fair cancelled due
to war efforts
• 1950’s: 1st IFYE outbound group,
Share the Fun Contest, and State
Fair Achievement Trip
4-H Historical events continued…
•
•
•
•
1961: Indiana 4-H Foundation formed
1962: Horse & Pony project formed
1973: 1st Animal Science Workshop held
1980’s: 4-H expands greatly into the urban
settings, nationwide
• 1998: 4-H Membership in Indiana changed
from age to grade
• 2002: State and National Conversation on
Youth, led by National 4-H Council as
celebration of 100 years in existence
4-H Historical events continued…
• 2003: State 4-H Office joins Department of
Youth Development and Agricultural
Education
• 2004: Indiana 4-H Centennial Celebration
• 2008: National 4-H Mission Mandates
announced:
– Science, Engineering and Technology (SET)
– Healthy Living
– Citizenship
Objective #4: Recognize significant
historical events related to the Cooperative
Extension Service.
• Mid-1800’s: science gains in importance
• 1862: Morrill Act signed by President Lincoln
to create land grant university system
– Gave each state public land to be sold
– Used proceeds to maintain a college
• 1869: John Purdue donates land to
Indiana for land-grant institution…
Purdue University established
Extension Historical Events continued…
• 1887: Hatch Act signed
– Provided funds for agricultural experiment
stations
• 1890: 2nd Morrill Act signed
– Provided additional resources for the
development of universities
– Established separate institutions for black
colleges in the south
Extension Historical Events continued…
• 1898: “Father of Extension”, Seaman Knapp
hired
– Demonstrated research results to LA farmers
• 1905: Agricultural extension became a part of
Purdue’s educational program
• 1914: Smith-Lever Act signed by President
Wilson
– Extension becomes educational arm of USDA
– Nationwide system established
– National, State, and Local government funding
partnership
Extension Historical Events continued…
• WWI:
– Food production emphasis
– Farm cooperatives organized
• Depression:
– Emergency government program education
– Home and money management
• WWII:
– Victory gardens
– Food conservation
Extension Historical Events continued…
• 1950’s:
– Emphasis on program planning; family
living
• 1960’s & 1970’s:
– EFNEP; expansion of community
development
• 1980’s & 1990’s:
– Farm crisis management; issue
programming; accountability emphasized
Extension Historical Events continued…
• Today…
• “Extension is a living, evolving, market-driven
organization that responds to society's
changing needs. Lifelong learning is expanding
by utilizing existing and new, university-based,
knowledge to solve complex problems
cooperatively with citizens and their
communities.”
(N.H. Bull, et al., 12/2004;
http://www.joe.org/joe/2004december/comm2.php.)
Objective #5: Illustrate the structure of
the 4-H program on the national, state,
and local level.
• 4-H is coordinated by a number of agencies on
National, State, and Local levels.
• 4-H is the only federally approved and organized
youth development organization in the nation.
• Formed by Congress, authority for the 4-H Program
rests with the United States Department of
Agriculture and (within Indiana) Purdue University.
• This federal status means we have specific guidelines
regarding membership and how we conduct
activities.
National Structure
• United States Department of
Agriculture (USDA)
– National Institute of Food and
Agriculture (NIFA)
• Families, Youth & Communities
– Youth Development & 4-H
» 4-H National Headquarters
Dr. Suzanne LeMenestrel, Acting
Director, Youth Development
http://www.nifa.usda.gov/youthdevelopment
4h.
National Structure continued…
• National 4-H Council
– Mission: To advance the 4-H youth development
movement to build a world in which youth and
adults learn, grow and work together as catalysts
for positive change.
– National, private sector non-profit partner of 4-H
and the Cooperative Extension System.
– Focuses on fundraising; brand management;
communications; legal and fiduciary support to
national and state 4-H programs
– Manages National 4-H Youth Conference Center
and the National 4-H Supply Service
– Board of Trustees consists of youth, 4-H
representatives, extension/land-grant universities,
corporate executives, and other private citizens
http://4-h.org
National Structure continued…
• National 4-H Youth Conference Center
–
–
–
–
Chevy Chase, MD, one mile from D.C.
Opened in 1959
Serves 30,000 youth annually
Premier facility in D.C. area focused specifically on
youth
http://www.4hcenter.org/
• National 4-H Supply Service
– Authorized agent for items bearing the 4-H name
and emblem
– Publishes annual Source Book
http://www.4-hmall.org/
Indiana Structure
• Purdue University
– College of Agriculture
• Cooperative Extension Service
» Dr. Chuck Hibberd, Director
• Department of Youth Development and
Agricultural Education (YDAE)
– 4-H Youth Development Program
» Dr. Renee McKee, State 4-H
Program Leader
http://www.four-h.purdue.edu/
Purdue College of Agriculture
Purdue College of Agriculture
Cooperative Extension Service
Cooperative Extension Service
Cooperative Extension Service
Indiana Structure continued…
• Indiana 4-H Foundation
– Chartered in 1961
– Seeks to create and enhance growth and
recognition opportunities for Indiana 4-H members
and their leaders that they may develop the
hallmarks of successful citizens: responsibility,
leadership and integrity
– Granted over $6.5 million in support of Indiana
4-H youth, volunteers and programs
– Moved back to Purdue’s campus in 2008
– Shelly Bingle-Coffman serves as Executive Director
and 4-H Resource Development Officer
– http://www.4h.org/
County Structure
• County Government
– County Commissioners
– County Council
• County Extension Advisory Board
– County Extension Director
• 4-H Youth Development Extension Educator
• 4-H Youth Development Council &/or 4-H Fair
Board
– 4-H Volunteers
County Extension Program Organization
County Extension Program Organization
Source of Purdue CES
Organization Charts:
http://www.ces.purdue.edu/anr/field/ceshand
book/sectionIIIorganization.html#charts
4-H Youth Development Extension
Educator
• Primary Purpose:
• Provide educational leadership in carrying
out Extension’s mission in the local
community.
• Primary Responsibilities:
• Plan programs that meet community’s needs
• Communicate Purdue Extension philosophy,
goals, and policies to a wide audience
4-H Youth Development Extension
Educator
• Work with community advisory groups to establish
local operating procedures in line with Extension’s
mission
• Develop and support volunteer leadership efforts,
including appointment and dismissal of volunteers
• Use university information to conduct educational
programs
• Network with people and organizations in the
county to share Extension program information
• Remain up-to-date professionally and adapt skillfully
to change
4-H Youth Development Council
• Purpose:
– Help plan and implement a 4-H Youth
Development Program consistent with the
mission of Extension.
– Program should offer a variety of highquality 4-H youth educational
opportunities, be adequately supported,
and be in accordance with the
developmental needs of young people.
4-H Council Functions
• Program Planning
– Needs assessment
• Is there a need for the program in the
community? How do you know?
– Variety of delivery methods
• Organized clubs, School enrichment, AfterSchool, Mini/Exploring, Special interest,
Exchanges, Camps, Workshops/Conferences
4-H Council Functions
– Implement guidelines that are:
• Safe, Fair, Equitable
• Perhaps unique to County, but consistent with
State and Federal guidelines
• Allow for participation in State activities
– Provide equal opportunity for all to
participate
– Inclusive, not exclusive policies
– Individual and group recognition
– Program evaluation
4-H Council Functions continued…
• Audience Development
– Year-round recruitment
– Target new audiences as demographics change –
take time to review county population trends
– Notify public of plans
• Volunteer Staff Development
– Required to operate sound 4-H program
– Support Extension Educator’s role with volunteer
management
– Volunteers may serve as policy-makers, in
advisory role, or in direct contact with members
and parents
4-H Council Functions continued…
• Resource Development
–
–
–
–
Annual program budget
Request funds from County Council
Raise private funds
Be knowledgeable, excited and involved in
program
• Resource Accountability
– Funds must be used in compliance with USDA
guidelines
– Complete financial accounting and reporting for
each 4-H unit (not just 4-H Clubs)
4-H Council Functions continued…
• Program Visibility
– Promote program to potential participants
– Share information with those who support the
program with private and public dollars
• Interagency Programming
– Operate cooperatively with other youth-serving
educational programs (e.g., schools, scouts, Junior
Achievement, church groups)
– Network with other Extension-related groups
(e.g., Extension Board, Homemakers, 4-H
Leaders, Fair Board)
Fair Boards
• May or may not have 4-H Council
functions or be tied to 4-H Program
• Own and/or operate the Fairgrounds
and associated functions
• Typically have representation from the
4-H Council on Fair Board if the groups
are separate
County Government
• Provides funding for County Extension
Office staff, facilities, and supplies
• Provides funding for 4-H programming
and Fairgrounds
Tips for 4-H Council President and
Extension Educators to Work Together
• Establish lines of communication early.
Identify the most efficient method to
communicate.
• Cooperatively develop meeting
agendas.
• Sit together during meetings.
• Identify 4-H Council information &
training needs.
Tips for 4-H Council President and
Extension Educators to Work Together
• Relay upcoming events, deadlines, or
other information to share with council
members.
• Don’t surprise each other with last
minute agenda items or requests; plan
ahead as much as possible.
• Attend meetings.
• Offer assistance to each other as
needed.
Jointly-held roles of 4-H Councils and
Extension Educators
• 4-H Councils create a quality 4-H Program
that parallels Extension Educator job
description. Salaried staff and volunteers
jointly design activities and share in
completing these functions.
• Assure 4-H unit financial accountability.
• Work cooperatively to meet the 7 functions
previously outlined for the 4-H Council.
• The County Extension Educator should be a
non-voting member of the 4-H Council
Objective #6: Describe participation in
the 4-H program on the national, state,
and local levels.
Type of
Participation
Total Enrollment
National
Indiana
(national rank)
5,988,787
216,502
(4th)
4-H Club
1,617,458
72,159
(5th)
Special Interest
2,135,715
20,446
(7th)
School Enrichment
3,992,140
117,126
(6th)
4-H Participation continued…
4-H Participation continued…
4-H Participation continued…
4-H Participation continued…
National
Indiana
Male
47%
47%
Female
53%
53%
White, not
Hispanic
Black, not
Hispanic
Hispanic, other
70%
88%
15%
9.3%
12%
2.7%
4-H Participation continued…
Residence
National
Indiana
Towns
(<10,000)
Central Cities
35%
36.1%
22.5%
18.7%
Towns & Cities
30.6%
20.8%
Farms
11.9%
24.4%
4-H Participation continued…
Grade in
School
National
Indiana
<K-3
38%
46%
4-6
37%
32%
7-9
14%
13%
10-12+
11%
9%
4-H Participation continued…
4-H
Volunteers
National
Indiana
Adult Leaders
420,514
13,269
Junior (Teen)
Leaders
98,092
4,760
National
Indiana
10,959,360
383,947
Total 4-H
Projects
Sources of 4-H Statistics:
• Indiana 4-H Report, 2008
• USDA Annual 4-H Youth Development
Enrollment Report, Fiscal Year 2003
• http://www.national4hheadquarters.gov/library/4h_stats.htm
4-H Participation continued…
• How would you describe the 4-H
participation in your county?
• Are there populations you would like to
reach that you have not been able to?
• What methods have you found to be
effective in reaching new audiences?
• What marketing/recruitment strategies
have worked for you?
Questions, Comments, Feedback???
Type in chat box or e-mail
mckinles@purdue.edu or broady@purdue.edu
Next 4-H 101 Program:
“Effectively Utilizing Volunteers”
Tuesday, November 10, 2009,
10:00 a.m.- 12:00 noon, Adobe Connect
for your
participation!!!