AP Biology
Review WS – Chapter 22, 23, 24, 26 - Evolution
Name ___________________
Date ____________________
Section 1 - Matching: Write the appropriate word in the blank provided. There is a wordbank located later in the packet to
help you. Each word will be used only once.
1. __________________________ Structures that evolve and function one way in one environment, but then perform a
different function when placed in a new environment
2. __________________________ Smallest unit that can evolve
3. __________________________ This idea ties together Darwin and Mendel; it is considered the comprehensive theory
of evolution and takes into consideration the ideas of populations as a unit of
evolution, natural selection as a mechanism, and the theory of gradualism
4. __________________________ When only a few individuals of a population newly colonize land, their respective alleles
increase in frequency, but this may not be representative of the parent population
5. __________________________ Origin of new species that can follow one of two patterns: anagenesis or cladogenesis;
this is also the boundary between microevolution and macroevolution
6. __________________________ This is the reason recessive alleles can be hidden and protected in a population; they
are still there, but they aren’t expressed because we have TWO alleles
7. __________________________ He came up with the theory of gradualism
8. __________________________ He came up with the theory of uniformitarianism around 1830
9. __________________________ Building one new species from a parent, but the parent specie still exists; branching
evolution
10. __________________________ Survival of the fittest – depends on who will leave the most viable (and reproductively
successful) offspring in the next generation; this is the mechanism for evolution
11. __________________________ Ordered array in which fossils appear in layers; gives hints as to which species came
when in time
12. __________________________ Changes in a populations allele frequencies due to chance; examples are the
bottleneck effect and the founder effect
13. __________________________ Geographic variation where there is a graded change in a trait based on a location; Ex.
when the trees get shorter as the mountain increases in altitude
14. __________________________ He did work with populations and said that populations have a tendency to overreproduce; he also said that populations tend to exceed their resources
15. __________________________ A type of selection that shifts to favor one extreme of the characteristic
16. __________________________ A system of classifying and naming organisms based on their common anatomy
17. __________________________ The idea that species diverge in “spurts”, not gradually; these “spurts” can be 1000’s
of years; this theory accounts for the variation in the tempo of speciation
18. __________________________ Measured by how many reproductively fertile offspring are left in the next generation
19. __________________________ If the sample size is too small, changes in the frequency of alleles will have a larger
effect on the population
20. __________________________ Remnants of organs or structures that have no function now, but had a significant
function in our ancestors
21. __________________________ Father of Genetics; discovered dominant and recessive alleles
22. __________________________ The idea that the parts of your body you use most become stronger; this was
hypothesized by Lamarck
23. __________________________ A type of speciation where geographic barriers (mountains, streams, etc.) lead to the
origin of a new specie; if the populations come back together and they CAN
interbreed, then speciation has NOT occurred; if they CANNOT interbreed, then it has
occurred
24. __________________________ When males and females of a specie differ in size, shape, color, or markings
25. __________________________ The alleles and genes of all the individuals in a population
26. __________________________ Characters in a population that are determined by a single gene locus and are an
either/ or basis…..either you have it or you don’t (no middle ground); Ex. freckles
27. __________________________ This is a type of polyploidy speciation in plants when the individual plant has 2
chromosome sets from the same species; caused by a mistake in meiosis
28. __________________________ A way of figuring out how old something is – but this technique is not really reliable;
when organisms are living, their amino acids are all in the L form, but once the
organism dies, the L form gets converted to the D form at a constant rate; to
determine the age, compare the ratio of L and D forms
29. __________________________ When new species arise from geographically overlapping populations (not a
geographical barrier)
30. __________________________ This scientist developed a theory very similar to Darwin’s concerning evolution;
however, he did not have nearly as much evidence to support his ideas, and therefore
was not taken seriously
31. __________________________ This theory states that geological processes proceed today at the same rate as they did
many years ago; the rates of change are the same
32. __________________________ This theory says that the frequency of alleles in a populations gene pool remains
constant over generations; p2 + 2pq = q2 = 1
33. __________________________ A type of selection that favors variants of opposite extremes of a characteristic
34. __________________________ This is the proportioning that gives a body its specific shape; if the rate of change is
even slightly altered, it will drastically change the adult form; changing features over
time
35. __________________________ This scientist studied fossils and was very interested in paleontology; he came up with
the theory of catastrophism
36. __________________________ Generation to generation change in the frequency of alleles of a population
37. __________________________ This is the term for when a disaster drastically reduces the size of a population; the
organisms left may NOT be representative of the overall allele frequencies of the
original population
38. __________________________ Idea that the simplest explanation that is consistent with the facts is probably the
correct one when making phylogenic trees; “keep it simple”
39. __________________________ Geographic distribution of species
40. __________________________ Theory that suggests the boundary between strata of fossils must be marked by a
catastrophe in time (such as a flood, fire, etc)
41. __________________________ He came up with the first idea of taxonomy; he classified organisms based on their
common anatomy and morphology; eventually he came up with the concept of
binomial nomenclature
42. __________________________ This is when the heterozygote form has an advantage over either of the homozygous
forms; Ex. organisms heterozygous for sickle cell anemia are resistant to malaria
43. __________________________ He proposed natural selection as a mechanism for evolution; he was a naturalist that
traveled the sea and did research in the Galapagos Islands to come up with enough
data to support his ideas on evolution; he then wrote a book about his theory
44. __________________________ Individuals of one sex are choosy in picking a mate (no direct competition though)
45. __________________________ Organisms that have favorable traits for their specific environments produce more
offspring than those organisms without out those specific traits
46. __________________________ Transformation of one species into another; phyletic evolution
47. __________________________ A type of absolute dating that uses radioactive isotopes with specific half-lives; the age
of the fossil can be determined by examining the amount of the daughter isotopes
accumulated, or by the amount of parent isotope lost
48. __________________________ A group of populations whose individuals can interbreed to produce fertile offspring
49. __________________________ The theory proposed by Hutton that explains that the features of Earth are due to slow,
continuous processes, and what we see today is the culmination
50. __________________________ The name of Darwin’s book that explains natural selection and evolution
51. __________________________ Similar features in two different organisms resulting from common ancestry
52. __________________________ Change in DNA; these get passed onto offspring only if they occur in germ cells; usually
more harmful than helpful
53. __________________________ New timing methods that are based on the idea that parts of the genome evolve at
constant rates
54. __________________________ Characters in a population that vary along a continuum; they have an additive effect
and they are usually polygenic; Ex. skin color
55. __________________________ Direct competition for mates
56. __________________________ He theorized about evolution and came up with the use/ disuse theory; he also said
that acquired characteristics could be inherited (which is incorrect)
57. __________________________ This is the best technique to use to determine the evolutionary relationships between
related species if they are still ALIVE
58. __________________________ A type of selection that favors an intermediate of a character; this decreases variation
and maintains status quo
59. __________________________ When two or more forms of a discrete character are present in a population; Ex. ABO
blood groups
60. __________________________ This idea explains life’s unity and diversity; worked on by Darwin and Wallace
Word Bank:
Linnaeus
Lyell
Differential Reproduction
Gene Pool
Discrete Characters
Sexual Dimorphism
Punctuated Equilibrium
DNA analysis
Lamarck
Mendel
Vestigial Organs
Sampling Error
Diploidy
Speciation
Fossil Record
Hutton
Darwin
Homology
Genetic Drift
Clines
Intersexual Selection
Allometric Growth
Autopolyploidy
Malthus
Origin of Species
Microevolution
Founder Effect
Directional Selection
Cladogenesis
Racemization
Use/ Disuse Theory
Wallace
Biogeography
Bottleneck Effect
Heterozygote Advantage
Anagenesis
Radiometric Dating
Taxonomy
Catastrophism
Evolution
Species
Quantitative Characters
Stabilizing Selection
Sympatric Speciation
Molecular Clocks
Short Answer:
1. What are the 7 levels of our classification system from broadest to most specific?
2. What is Darwin’s term for evolution?
3. What are the 5 assumptions of the Hardy – Weinberg Theorem?
4. What are the causes of microevolution?
Cuvier
Natural Selection
Modern Synthesis
Mutation
Diversifying Selection
Allopatric Speciation
Principle of Parsimony
Gradualism
Uniformitarianism
Population
Hardy-Weinberg Theorem
Polymorphic
Intrasexual Selection
Exaptations
Darwinian Fitness
5. What is the difference between prezygotic and postzygotic reproductive barriers?
6. List and describe 5 prezygotic reproductive barriers.
7. List and describe 3 postzygotic reproductive barriers.
8. Compare and contrast absolute dating vs. relative dating.
9. What are the differences between homologous and analogous structures?
10. BEFORE Lyell and Darwin, what was the general idea about the age of our Earth and the changing of populations?
11. Explain 3 types of selection (NOT intrasexual or intersexual).