Chapters 54, 56, 57 Exam review
Supplemental Instruction
Iowa State University
Leader:
Course:
Instructor:
Date:
Stephanie
Biology 211
Roe/Biederman
April 21 & 23, 2013
Define Ecology
Name the 6 different levels of ecology and give examples of what is studied in each
What are the two fundamental questions in ecology?
What factors determine abundance of a species?
The emerald ashborer is an invasive species that bores into ash trees and kills it within 2-4 years. What
factors may be causing the emerald ashborer’s outbreak?
Name 6 abiotic factors and their effect on the environment (which has largest effect on environment?)
Name 4 greenhouse gases, what % contribution of global warming, and their human made origins.
What are the major components of micro and macro climates?
Water and precipation is related to 4 things:
Define biome. What are the most important features of a biome? Name the 10 we talked about in class.
Name the main features of the aquatic biomes. How are they organized?
If mountains are closer to the sun than the valleys, why aren’t they hotter?
Explain the greenhouse effect
In most locations on Earth, at about 30 degrees latitude, air cools and descents, and hot deserts occur.
Florida is situated between 31 degrees N and 24 degrees N. Why does it not support a desert biome?
CHAPTER 56- POP ECOLOGY
Define population and population ecology
3 types of dispersion
3 reproductive strategies
What are the 3 tools to measure demography?
Give an example of r – selected and K – selected. What are the characteristics of each?
Using logistic equation, calculate population growth when K=1,000, N=500, r=0.1 and when K=1,000,
N=100, and r=0.1
What is carrying capacity and why is it important?
CHAPTER 57 SPECIES INTERACTIONS
Define: Intraspecific vs interspecific; Exploitation competition vs interference competition
What is a niche?
T/F There are two species of fish that live on the same coral nook. They feed at the same time. Do they
occupy the same niche?
Lets say an eel moves into the same coral nook and starts living and eating, at the same time, the same
things as the previous fish. Draw a graph demonstrating competitive exclusion principle. Which species
has the upper hand?
Fundamental niche vs realized niche
Describe the experiment with the barnacle species. What is this experiment trying to demonstrate?
Distinguish the difference between Mullerian and Batesian mimicry
Why don’t we see more evidence of plants being eaten by herbivores?
Define:
Commensualism
Predation
Mutualism
Herbivory
Parasitism
What kind of ecology are they studying?
QUIZ
This scientist is studying whether a single large or several small nature preserves are better for
maintaining biodiversity.
A scientist is studying the difference in mercury contamination in fish belonging to various trophic levels.
A scientist is looking at proteins utilized by soybean cyst nematodes to feed off of soybean roots.
This scientist is researching the reproduction rate of soybean aphids on different plants.
A wetland botanist is studying the species composition of deep verses shallow pools.
An entomologist is studying the emergence from diapause (from hibernation) of the western corn
rootworm in the spring.
A scientist is studying how tile drainage in the prairie pothole regions in Iowa creates a hypoxic zone in
the Gulf of Mexico.
Which of the following is probably the most important factor in the distribution of organisms in the
environment?
a. light
b. temperature
c. salinity
d. water availability
e. pH
The greenhouse effect is
a. a new phenomenon resulting from industrialization
b. due to the absorption of solar radiation by atmospheric gases
c. responsible for the natural warming of the earth
d. all of the above
e. b and c only
An examination of the temperature tolerances of locusts would best be described by which ecological
subdiscipline?
a. organismal
b. population
c. community
d. ecosystem
e. both a and b
The most common biome type, by area occupied, is the
a. open ocean
b. b. tropical rainforest
c. tundra
d. hot desert
e. lentic habitats
What is the driving force that determines the circulation of the atmospheric air
a. temperature differences of the earth
b. winds
c. ocean currents
d. mountain ridges
e. all of the above
f. a and b only
In this biome, rainfall is between 25 cm and 100 cm and temperatures vary between -10 C and 30 C.
Where are you?
a. tropical rainforest
b. tropical deciduous forest
c. savanna
d. prarie
e. temperate deciduous forest
What characteristics are commonly used to identify the biomes of the Earth?
a. temperature
b. precipitation
c. vegetation
d. all of the above
e. a and b only
Young lakes are often clear with little plant life. Such lakes are called
a. oligotrophic
b. eutrophic
c. lotic
d. lentic
e. pelagic
Which gas contributes most to human caused global warming?
a. carbon dioxide
b. nitrous oxide
c. sulfur dioxide
d. methane
e. chlorofluorocarbons
A student decides to conduct a mark-recapture experiment to estimate the number of frogs in a certain
pond. In the first catch, he marked 45 individuals. Two weeks later, he captured 62 frogs, eight of
which were marked. What is the estimated size of the population based on this data?
a. 134
b. 349
c. 558
d. 1016
e. 22320
Age
0
1
2
3
4
5
Nx
100
65
45
30
10
0
Dx
35
?
15
20
10
0
Lx
1.00
.65
?
.3
.1
0
Mx
0
0
3
1
1
1
lxmx
0
0
1.35
?
.1
0
How many individuals die between their first and second birthdays?
a. 65
b. 45
c. 35
d. 25
e. 20
What proportion of newborns survive to age 2?
a. 0.55
b. .45
c. .35
d. .2
e. .15
What is the net reproductive rate?
a. 5
b. 2.5
c. 1.75
d. 1.45
e. .8
____________________________________ survivorship curves are usually associated with organisms that have high
mortality rates in the early stages of life.
a. Type I
b. Type II
c. Type III
d. A and b
e. B and c
If the net reproductive rate is equal to 0.5, what assumptions can we make about this population?
a. this population is essentially not changing in numbers
b. this population is in decline
c. this population is growing
d. this population is in equilibrium
e. none of the above
The maximum number of individuals a certain area can sustain is known as
a. the intrinsic rate of growth
b. the resource limit
c. the carrying capacity
d. the logistic equation
e. the equilibrium size
Draw a pattern where a population exhibits a constant per capita growth rate
Draw a pattern where a population is heading towards extinction
Draw a pattern where the population has leveled off.
The amount of land necessary for survival for each person in a sustainable world is known as
a. the sustainability level
b. an ecological impact
c. an ecological footprint
d. survival needs
e. all of the above
f. b and c
The net reproductive rate is equal to zero. This population is in:
a. decline
b. equilibrium
c. growth
d. both b and c
A species interaction in which one species benefits but the other species is unharmed is called
a. mutualism
b. amensalism
c. parasitism
d. commensalism
e. mimicry
Two species of birds feed on similar types of insects and next in the same tree species. This is an example
of a. intraspecific competition
b. interference competition
c. exploitation competition
d. mutualism
e. mimicry
According to the competitive exclusion hypothesis,
a. two species that use the exact same resources show very little competition
b. two species with the same niche cannot coexist
c. one species that competes with several different species for resources will be excluded from the
community
d. all competition between species results in the extinction of at least one of the species
e. none of the above is correct
f. all of the above is correct
In Lack’s study of British passerine birds, different species seem to segregate based on resource factors,
such as location of prey items. This differentiation among the niches of these passerine birds is called
a. competitive exclusion
b. intraspecific competition
c. character displacement
d. resource partitioning
e. allelopathy
Divergence in morphology that is a result of competition is termed
a. competitive exclusion
b. resource partitioning
c. character displacement
d. amensalism
e. mutualism
Tapeworms have
a. low lethality and low duration of interaction
b. low lethality and high duration of interaction
c. high lethality and low duration of interaction
d. high lethality and high duration of interaction
e. none of the above
Batesian mimicry differs from Mullerian mimicry in that
a. in Batesian, both species possess chemical defense
b. in Batesian mimicry, one species possesses the chemical defense
c. in mullerian, one species has several different mimics
d. in Mullerian, one has several chemical defenses
e. in batesian, cryptic coloration is always found