Introduction
South Halls Renovation and New Construction
The Pennsylvania State University
University Park, PA
Penn State Architectural Engineering Senior Capstone Project
Quaid Spearing | Construction Option
Advisor: Dr. Anumba
April 15, 2014
Project Overview
Project Overview
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Background Information
Planning & Procurement
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Project Team
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
Background Information
Approach
Results
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Background Information
Process
Results
Final Recommendation
Acknowledgements
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Size: 71,002 GSF
Stories: Four plus Basement
Function: Residential & Assembly
Construction Dates: 05/13 – 12/13
Total Project Cost: $94.1M GMP
Phase Project Cost: $15.2M
Delivery Method: Design-Build
Source: Bing Maps
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Project Overview
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Background Information
Planning & Procurement
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
Background Information
Approach
Results
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Background Information
Process
Results
Final Recommendation
Acknowledgements
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Analysis 3: Prefabrication of Limestone Façade
• Improve quality of bathrooms through modularization, while also reducing
the construction schedule.
• Fabricate stone panel wall system offsite to increase productivity and
accelerate project schedule
Architectural Breadth
Structural Breadth
• Decrease the number of bathroom layouts to improve design efficiency and
increase offsite productivity
• Analyze loads of traditional limestone façade on existing columns
Analysis 2: SIPS
• Implement a new construction sequencing through the use of SIPS, with a
goal to deliver the student rooms 1 week sooner.
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
• Develop an alternate master phasing plan to accelerate the completion of
the project and allow generation of revenue sooner.
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Project Overview
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Background Information
Planning & Procurement
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
Analysis 1
Background Information
Approach
Results
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Background Information
Process
Results
Final Recommendation
Acknowledgements
Modular Bathrooms
Project Overview
Background Information
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Problem
Background Information
Planning & Procurement
• Quality of finish work and in Bathrooms
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Results
▫ Bathroom finishes accelerated to maintain schedule
▫ Rework of Tile
Analysis 2: SIPS
Background Information
Approach
Potential Solution
Results
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
• Modularize the bathroom units to be constructed offsite
Background Information
Process
▫ Improve finish quality
▫ Accelerate bathroom schedule
Results
Final Recommendation
Acknowledgements
Images taken by Quaid Spearing
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Project Overview
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Planning & Procurement
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Bathroom Pod Manufacturer
Background Information
Planning & Procurement
• Ameripod LLC
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
Bathroom Pod Summary
Background Information
Approach
Results
Manufacturer
Ameripod
Cost Per Bathroom
$ 13,460.00
Potential Solution
Design Fees/Design
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Background Information
Process
Results
Final Recommendation
Acknowledgements
Source: Google Maps
$ 7,500.00
Manufacturing: Days/Pod
15
Manufacturing: Pods/Week
30
Installation Pods/Day
12
Distance from Jobsite (miles)
231
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Project Overview
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Planning & Procurement
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Bathroom Pod Manufacturer
Background Information
Planning & Procurement
Transportation
• Ameripod LLC
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
Bathroom Pod Summary
Background Information
Approach
Results
Manufacturer
Ameripod
Cost Per Bathroom
$ 13,460.00
Potential Solution
Design Fees/Design
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Background Information
Process
Results
Final Recommendation
Acknowledgements
Source: Google Maps
$ 7,500.00
Manufacturing: Days/Pod
15
Manufacturing: Pods/Week
30
Installation Pods/Day
12
Distance from Jobsite (miles)
231
Potential Solution
Project Overview
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Original Bathroom Layout
Background Information
Planning & Procurement
• 10 different unit types
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
I
Background Information
• Goal: reduce number of layouts for modularization
Approach
Results
▫ Followed existing layout
J
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
▫ Increase fabrication productivity
Background Information
Process
Results
Final Recommendation
Acknowledgements
Original Roll-In Shower Layout
Potential Solution
Original Ewing Layout
Original Cross Layout
Project Overview
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Proposed New Bathroom Layout
Background Information
Planning & Procurement
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
I
Background Information
Approach
Results
J
Potential Solution
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Background Information
Process
Results
Final Recommendation
Acknowledgements
Original Roll-In Shower Layout
Original Ewing Layout
Proposed Roll-In Shower Layout
Proposed Typical Layout
Original Cross Layout
Project Overview
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Planning & Procurement
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
Background Information
60
A.3
1
4
B
8
32
C
7
28
Final Recommendation
D
8
32
Acknowledgements
E
1
4
Total
40
160
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Background Information
Process
Results
▫ Increase benefits of modularization by optimizing layout
Module Qty/Bldg Qty/Project
15
Results
• Reduced number of layouts from 10 down to 6
Bathroom Module Designs
A.1/A.2
Approach
Original Bathroom Layout
Proposed New Bathroom Layout
Background Information
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Potential Solution
Proposed Roll-In Shower Layout
Proposed Typical Layout
Project Overview
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Results
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Background Information
Planning & Procurement
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
Background Information
Approach
Results
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Background Information
Process
Results
Final Recommendation
Acknowledgements
Hoisting and Sequencing
Ewing
Cross
Stick Built
• All floors working simultaneous
Modular
Potential Solution
• Construction sequenced 1st to 4th
• 4 deliveries per stack
▫ Just in time deliveries
Hoisting Sequencing
Truck
A
B
C
D
Day 1
Day 2
# PODS 8AM 9AM 10AM 11AM 12PM 1PM 2PM 3PM 4PM 8AM 9AM 10AM 11AM 12PM 1PM 2PM 3PM 4PM
5
5
5
5
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Project Overview
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Background Information
Planning & Procurement
Constructability
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
Background Information
•
Intense Coordination
•
Duct Risers
Approach
•
Results
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Background Information
Process
Results
Final Recommendation
Acknowledgements
Sequencing
•
Complete Punchlist Sooner
•
Increased Quality
•
Safer Work Environment
Results
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Results
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Project Overview
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Background Information
Planning & Procurement
Constructability
Cost Analysis
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
Background Information
•
Intense Coordination
•
Duct Risers
Approach
•
Results
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Background Information
Process
Results
Final Recommendation
Acknowledgements
Sequencing
•
Complete Punchlist Sooner
•
Increased Quality
•
Safer Work Environment
Potential Solution
$2.32M
$122,000 in Savings
Results
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Project Overview
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Background Information
Planning & Procurement
Constructability
Cost Analysis
Schedule Analysis
Schedule Comparison of Construction Methods
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
Background Information
•
Intense Coordination
•
Duct Risers
Approach
•
Results
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Background Information
Process
Results
Final Recommendation
Acknowledgements
•
Sequencing
Complete Punchlist Sooner
•
Increased Quality
•
Safer Work Environment
Construction
7/29
Method
8/5
Potential Solution
$2.32M
Modular Pod
Ewing
$122,000 in Savings
9/2
9/9
9/16 9/23 9/30 10/7 10/14 10/21 10/28 11/4
Construction of Cross Bathrooms
Construction of Ewing Bathrooms
Stick-Built
Modular Pod
Cross
8/12 8/19 8/26
Risers
Pods
Follow-on Work
Risers
Pods
Follow-on Work
SAVINGS
• Schedule Savings = 21 working days
▫ Overall schedule cannot be reduced; bathrooms are
on separate critical path
Implement Modular Bathrooms 
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Project Overview
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Background Information
Planning & Procurement
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
Analysis 2
Background Information
Approach
Results
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Background Information
Process
Results
Final Recommendation
Acknowledgements
SIPS for Student Rooms
Project Overview
Background Information
Analysis 2: SIPS
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Background Information
Planning & Procurement
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
Background Information
Approach
Problem
• Punchlist and turnover to owner were critical for student
rooms, with no room for error
▫ Several activities took longer than scheduled duration
Results
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Background Information
Process
Results
Final Recommendation
Acknowledgements
Goal
• Implement SIPS for the student rooms in an effort to
promote earlier turnover to owner; allow FF&E to begin
sooner
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Approach
Analysis 2: SIPS
Project Overview
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Background Information
Planning & Procurement
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
Background Information
Approach
Results
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Background Information
Process
Results
Final Recommendation
Acknowledgements
Zone
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Area Per Zone
Floor Square Footage
4th
5600
3rd
5600
2nd
5600
1st
5600
4th
5600
3rd
5600
2nd
4650
1st
4260
1st
5650
Building Zones
4th FLOOR
3RD FLOOR
Approach
Analysis 2: SIPS
Project Overview
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Background Information
Planning & Procurement
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
Background Information
Approach
Results
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Background Information
Process
Results
Final Recommendation
Acknowledgements
Zone
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Area Per Zone
Floor Square Footage
4th
5600
3rd
5600
2nd
5600
1st
5600
4th
5600
3rd
5600
2nd
4650
1st
4260
1st
5650
Building Zones
2ND FLOOR
3RD FLOOR
Approach
Analysis 2: SIPS
Project Overview
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Background Information
Planning & Procurement
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
Background Information
Approach
Results
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Background Information
Process
Results
Final Recommendation
Acknowledgements
Zone
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Area Per Zone
Floor Square Footage
4th
5600
3rd
5600
2nd
5600
1st
5600
4th
5600
3rd
5600
2nd
4650
1st
4260
1st
5650
Building Zones
2ND FLOOR
1ST FLOOR
Approach
Analysis 2: SIPS
Project Overview
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Background Information
Planning & Procurement
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Results
SIPS Methodology
Crew Size Adjustments
•
Analysis 2: SIPS
Background Information
Approach
Results
•
Adjust crew sizes to achieve 5 day
durations
Parallel production of dorm wings
Student Room SIPS
Area 6/3
Zone 1
1
Zone 2
Zone 3
Zone 4
June
6/10 6/17 6/24 7/1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
1
2
7/8
6
5
4
3
July
August
7/15 7/22 7/29 8/5 8/12 8/19 8/26 9/2
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
2013
September
October
November
December
9/9 9/16 9/23 9/30 10/7 10/14 10/21 10/28 11/4 11/11 11/18 11/25 12/2 12/9 12/16 12/23 12/30
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Background Information
Process
Results
Final Recommendation
Acknowledgements
•
5 Day work weeks; Saturday serves
as catchup day
Zone 5
Zone 6
Zone 7
Zone 8
Zone 9
1
2
1
3
2
1
4
3
2
1
1
2
3
4
5
5
4
3
2
1
6
5
4
3
2
7
6
5
4
3
8
7
6
5
4
Layout and Top Track
Perim. Bedroom Framing/Insulation
Ductwork
MEP Coring
Elec. Rough In & Tele-Data
9
8
7
6
5
6
7
8
9
10
10
9
8
7
6
11
10
9
8
7
12
11
10
9
8
13
12
11
10
9
14
13
12
11
10
Perim. Bedroom Piping
Door Frames & Clg/Bulkhead Framing
Sprinkler Rough In
Plumbing Rough In
Hang GWB
15
14
13
12
11
11
12
13
14
15
16
15
14
13
12
17
16
15
14
13
18
17
16
15
14
Finish GWB
Windows
Prime & Paint
Lights & Final Tele-Data
Install Flooring
19
18
17
16
15
16
17
18
19
20
20
19
18
17
16
21
20
19
18
17
22
21
20
19
18
23
22
21
20
19
FCU & Mech Trim Out
Doors & Hardware
Adjust Sprinkler Heads
Elec/Tele/Fire Alarm Trim Out
Suite/Lobby Case & Window Treat
24
23
22
21
20
24
23
22
21
21
22
23
24
24
23
22
24
23
24
Final Paint
Carpet
Final Clean & Punchlist
Owner FF&E
Analysis 2: SIPS
Project Overview
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Background Information
Planning & Procurement
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
Background Information
Approach
Results
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Background Information
Process
Results
Final Recommendation
Acknowledgements
Cost Analysis
•
No additional costs incurred
•
Manhours remained the same
•
No perceivable cost savings due
to schedule reduction
Results
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
Project Overview
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Background Information
Planning & Procurement
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
Background Information
Approach
Results
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Background Information
Cost Analysis
•
No additional costs incurred
•
Manhours remained the same
•
No perceivable cost savings due
to schedule reduction
Schedule Analysis
Cross Orginal
Ewing
Original
Cross SIPS
Process
Results
Final Recommendation
Acknowledgements
Ewing SIPS
Area 6/3
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
Zone 4
June
6/10 6/17 6/24 7/1
7/8
July
7/15 7/22 7/29 8/5
August
8/12 8/19 8/26 9/2
2013
September
October
November
December
9/9 9/16 9/23 9/30 10/7 10/14 10/21 10/28 11/4 11/11 11/18 11/25 12/2 12/9 12/16 12/23 12/30
Zone 5
Zone 6
Zone 7
Zone 8
Zone 9
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
Zone 4
Zone 5
Zone 6
Zone 7
Zone 8
Zone 9
•
10 day schedule acceleration
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
Project Overview
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Background Information
Planning & Procurement
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
Background Information
Approach
Results
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Background Information
Cost Analysis
•
No additional costs incurred
•
Manhours remained the same
•
No perceivable cost savings due
to schedule reduction
Schedule Analysis
Cross Orginal
Ewing
Original
Cross SIPS
Process
Results
Final Recommendation
Acknowledgements
Ewing SIPS
Area 6/3
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
Zone 4
June
6/10 6/17 6/24 7/1
7/8
July
7/15 7/22 7/29 8/5
Constructability
August
8/12 8/19 8/26 9/2
2013
September
October
November
December
9/9 9/16 9/23 9/30 10/7 10/14 10/21 10/28 11/4 11/11 11/18 11/25 12/2 12/9 12/16 12/23 12/30
Zone 5
Zone 6
Zone 7
Zone 8
Zone 9
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
Zone 4
Zone 5
Zone 6
Zone 7
Zone 8
Zone 9
•
10 day schedule acceleration
•
Increased Collaboration
•
Timely Deliveries
•
Subcontractor Buy-in
•
More predictable durations
•
Other Construction Activities
•
Enclosure
•
Bathrooms
Implement SIPS 
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Project Overview
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Background Information
Planning & Procurement
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
Analysis 4
Background Information
Approach
Results
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Background Information
Process
Results
Final Recommendation
Acknowledgements
Master Phase Resequencing
Project Overview
Background Information
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Background Information
Planning & Procurement
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
Background Information
Approach
Results
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Background Information
Process
Results
Final Recommendation
Acknowledgements
Problem
• Current Project Schedule = 33 months
• Difficult to shuffle students between dormitories
Potential Solution
• Renovate two buildings at once
▫ Reduce overall schedule
▫ Quicker turnover = Revenue generated sooner
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Project Overview
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Background Information
Planning & Procurement
PSU Capacity
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
Background Information
Approach
Results
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Background Information
Process
Results
Final Recommendation
Acknowledgements
• Typ. 1000 – 1200 fewer students
▫ PSU would have capacity for
multiple renovations
Process
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Project Overview
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Process
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Background Information
Planning & Procurement
PSU Capacity
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
• Phase 1 saw Chace and Haller – Lyons built together
Results
▫ Logical to maintain this level of staffing for P2
Analysis 2: SIPS
Background Information
Approach
Results
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Background Information
Process
Results
Final Recommendation
Acknowledgements
Project Management Staff
• Typ. 1000 – 1200 fewer students
▫ PSU would have capacity for
multiple renovations
Current Phase 2 Staffing
Project Director
Project Manager
Project Engineer
Senior Superintendent
Project Technician
Intern
-
Proposed Phase 2 Staffing
Project Director
Project Manager
Senior Project Engineer
Project Engineer
Senior Superintendent
Field Superintendent
Field Superintendent
Project Technician
Intern
Intern
Project Overview
Process
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Background Information
Planning & Procurement
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
Background Information
Approach
Results
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Background Information
Process
Results
Final Recommendation
Acknowledgements
New Master Phasing
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Project Overview
Process
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
New Master Phasing
Background Information
Planning & Procurement
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
Background Information
Approach
Results
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Background Information
Process
Results
Final Recommendation
Acknowledgements
• New Phasing = left to right flow
▫ Eliminate temp landscaping between
H-L and H-S
• Redifer = buffer for P2
construction
• Renovate E-C and C-H together
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Project Overview
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Background Information
Planning & Procurement
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
Background Information
Approach
Results
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Background Information
Process
Results
Final Recommendation
Acknowledgements
Constructability
• Site Logistics
▫ Offsite Fabrication
• Manpower
Results
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Project Overview
Results
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Background Information
Planning & Procurement
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
Background Information
Constructability
Schedule Analysis
• Site Logistics
▫ Offsite Fabrication
• Manpower
Approach
Results
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Background Information
Process
Results
Final Recommendation
Acknowledgements
• 5 month schedule reduction
• South Halls fully opened for fall 2014
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Project Overview
Results
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Background Information
Planning & Procurement
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
Background Information
Constructability
Schedule Analysis
Cost Analysis
• Site Logistics
▫ Offsite Fabrication
• Manpower
Approach
Results
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Background Information
Process
Results
Final Recommendation
Acknowledgements
• 5 month schedule reduction
• South Halls fully opened for fall 2014
• Would add $31K to project cost
Project Overview
Results
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Background Information
Planning & Procurement
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
Background Information
Constructability
Schedule Analysis
Cost Analysis
• Site Logistics
▫ Offsite Fabrication
• Manpower
Approach
Results
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Background Information
Process
Results
Final Recommendation
Acknowledgements
• 5 month schedule reduction
• South Halls fully opened for fall 2014
• Would add $31K to project cost
• However, PSU could generate $1.3M in revenue
Implement Phase Resequencing 
Project Overview
Conclusion
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Background Information
Planning & Procurement
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
Background Information
Approach
Results
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Background Information
Process
Results
Final Recommendation
Acknowledgements
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
• Decrease bathroom schedule by 4 weeks
• $122,000 cost savings
• Improved finished quality
Analysis 2: SIPS
• Accelerates student room schedule by 10 days
• Allow owner FF&E to begin sooner
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
• Accelerates Schedule by 5 months
• $1.3M in potential revenue
Recommendations
• Implement modular bathrooms
• Implement SIPS
• Implement Phase Resequencing
Total Savings Through all 4 Analyses
• $264,000 saved in project costs
• $1.3M in potential revenue for owner
• 5 month schedule acceleration
Project Overview
Acknowledgements
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Acknowledgements
Background Information
Planning & Procurement
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
Background Information
Approach
Results
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Background Information
Process
Results
Final Recommendation
Acknowledgements
Thank You!
Barton Malow Company
Clark Nexsen
Penn State University
Dr. Anumba: CM Advisor
Penn State AE Faculty
My Family & Friends
Project Overview
Appendix A – Analysis 1
Transportation Requirements
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Background Information
Planning & Procurement
Transportation
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
Background Information
Approach
Results
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Background Information
Process
Results
Final Recommendation
Acknowledgements
Pennsylvania Truck Information
Size Limitations
Width
8 feet
Height
13 feet 6 inches
Length
53 feet trailer
Maximum Gross Weight
Two-Axle Motor Vehicle
38,000 lbs
• Typical delivery could hold 5
pods
Potential Solution
Potential Solution
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Project Overview
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Background Information
Planning & Procurement
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
Background Information
Approach
Results
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Background Information
Process
Results
Final Recommendation
Acknowledgements
Appendix A – Analysis 1
Bathroom Pod Design
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Project Overview
Appendix A – Analysis 1
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Background Information
Planning & Procurement
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
Background Information
Approach
Results
I
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Background Information
Process
Results
Final Recommendation
Acknowledgements
J
Bathroom Pod Design
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Project Overview
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Background Information
Planning & Procurement
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
Background Information
Approach
Results
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Background Information
Process
Results
Final Recommendation
Acknowledgements
Appendix A – Analysis 1
ADA Code Compliance
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Project Overview
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Background Information
Planning & Procurement
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
Background Information
Approach
Results
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Background Information
Process
Results
Final Recommendation
Acknowledgements
Appendix A – Analysis 1
Stick-built Bathroom Costs
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Project Overview
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Bathroom Pod Costs
Appendix A – Analysis 1
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Background Information
Planning & Procurement
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
Background Information
Approach
Results
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Background Information
Process
Results
Final Recommendation
Acknowledgements
Item
Stick Built Bathroom
Modular Bathroom
Layout A.1/A.2
Layout A.3
Layout B
Layout C
Layout D
Layout E
Design Fees for Pods
25 Ton Hydraulic
Crane, Truck Mounted
Total Costs/Savings
Cost Analysis of Modular Bathrooms
Quantity
Total
Quantity
Cost/POD
/Building
Cost/Bldg
(Total Project)
Total
Cost/Project
$ 15,240.00
40
$ 609,600.00
160
$ 2,438,400.00
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
14,222.00
14,222.00
14,801.00
14,801.00
12,134.00
13,907.00
7,500.00
15
1
8
7
8
1
6
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
213,330.00
14,222.00
118,408.00
103,607.00
97,072.00
13,907.00
45,000.00
60
4
32
28
32
4
6
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
853,320.00
56,888.00
473,632.00
414,428.00
388,288.00
55,628.00
45,000.00
$ 1,807.00
4
$
7,228.00
16
$
28,912.00
$
122,304.00
$ (3,174.00)
Project Overview
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Bathroom Pod Schedule
Appendix A – Analysis 1
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Background Information
Planning & Procurement
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
Background Information
Approach
Results
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Background Information
Process
Results
Final Recommendation
Acknowledgements
Anticipated Schedule Reduction for a Typical Floor
Original
New
Total Days
Activity
Duration
Duration
Saved/Added
Framing
5
0
5
Plumbing Rough-In
15
0
15
Electrical Rough-In
15
0
15
Duct Rough-In
15
3
12
Sprinkler Rough-In
15
0
15
Close-In Inspection
1
0
0
Hang & Finish Drywall
8
4
4
Install Shower Bases
3
0
3
Prime & Coat First Paint
2
2
0
Install Ceramic Tile
12
2
10
Plumbing Fixtures
2
1
1
Accessories
3
1
2
Mech/Elec Trim Out
3
2
1
Place Bathroom Pods
0
1
1
Final MEP Connection
0
3
3
Total
54
19
35
Schedule Analysis
Schedule Comparison of Construction Methods
7/29
Framing
8/5
8/12
8/19
Construction
7/29
Method
Original Bathroom Construction Sequence (Typical)
8/26
9/2
9/9
9/16
9/23
9/30
10/7
Plumbing
Electrical
Duct
Sprinkler
Potential Solution
Modular Pod
Ewing
Shower Base
Paint
Tile
Fixtures
Accessories
MEP Trim Out
8/12 8/19 8/26
9/2
9/9
9/16 9/23 9/30 10/7 10/14 10/21 10/28 11/4
Construction of Cross Bathrooms
Construction of Ewing Bathrooms
Stick-Built
Modular Pod
Cross
*Close-In Inspection
Hang/Finish GWB
8/5
Risers
Pods
Follow-on Work
Risers
Pods
Follow-on Work
• Schedule Savings = 21 working days
▫ Overall schedule cannot be reduced;
bathrooms are on separate critical path
SAVINGS
Appendix B – Analysis 2
Project Overview
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Crew Size Calculations
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
New Duration and Production Rates
Background Information
Planning & Procurement
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
No.
Sample Calculation: Hang GWB
Crew Size Adjustments
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
•
5600SF/ 6 Workers = 933 SF/Worker
•
(933 SF/Worker)/8 days = 117 SF/Day
Background Information
Approach
Results
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Background Information
5600 SF = (117 SF/Day)(5 Days)( X Wrkrs)
•
Process
Results
Final Recommendation
Acknowledgements
•
X = 10 Man Crew
Crew Size Adjustments
• Adjust crew sizes to achieve 5 day durations
• Combined several activities performed by same
subcontractor(s)
▫ Schedule Adjusted to 23 activities | 1 week/activity
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Activity
Layout & Top Track
Perimeter Bedroom Framing & Insulation
Ductwork
MEP Coring
Electrical Rough In & Tele-Data
Perimeter Bedroom Piping
Door Frames & Clg/Bulkhead Framing
Sprinkler Rough In
Plumbing Rough In
Hang GWB
Finish GWB
Windows
Prime & Paint
Install Lighting and Final Tele-Data Pull
Install Flooring
Install FCU & Mech. Trim Out
Doors & Hardware
Adjust Sprinkler Heads
Elec/Tele/Fire Alarm Trim Out
Suite/Lobby Casework & Window Treatment
Apply Final Paint
Floor Install/Carpet Base
Final Clean
New
Duration
Subcontractor
Crew Size
Production/Wrkr
(SF/Day)
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
3
5
5
2
2
Penn Install
Penn Install
McClure
McClure & FE
FE
McClure
Penn Install
SAC
McClure
Penn Install
Penn Install
NBS
PAT
FE
NBS
McClure
Hood Co
SAC
FE
Penn Install
PAT
NBS
BMC
5
6
2
6
8
5
11
2
5
10
8
2
2
4
4
3
2
2
2
5
3
2
5
224
187
224
560
140
224
160
467
224
117
140
622
467
373
280
560
467
700
933
280
373
933
560
Student Room SIPS
Appendix B – Analysis 2
Project Overview
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
2013
Background Information
Planning & Procurement
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
Background Information
Approach
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Area
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
Zone 4
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
6/3 6/10 6/17 6/24 7/1 7/8 7/15 7/22 7/29 8/5 8/12 8/19 8/26 9/2 9/9 9/16 9/23 9/30 10/7 10/14 10/21 10/28 11/4 11/11 11/18 11/25 12/2 12/9 12/16 12/23 12/30
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14 15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13 14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12 13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Results
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Background Information
Process
Results
Final Recommendation
Acknowledgements
Zone 5
Zone 6
Zone 7
Zone 8
Zone 9
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
1
3
2
1
Layout and Top Track
Perim. Bedroom Framing/Insulation
Ductwork
MEP Coring
Elec. Rough In & Tele-Data
4
3
2
1
6
7
8
9
10
5
4
3
2
1
6
5
4
3
2
7
6
5
4
3
Perim. Bedroom Piping
Door Frames & Clg/Bulkhead Framing
Sprinkler Rough In
Plumbing Rough In
Hang GWB
8
7
6
5
4
11
12
13
14
15
9
8
7
6
5
10
9
8
7
6
Finish GWB
Windows
Prime & Paint
Lights & Final Tele-Data
Install Flooring
11
10
9
8
7
16
17
18
19
20
12
11
10
9
8
13
12
11
10
9
14
13
12
11
10
FCU & Mech Trim Out
Doors & Hardware
Adjust Sprinkler Heads
Elec/Tele/Fire Alarm Trim Out
Suite/Lobby Case & Window Treat
15
14
13
12
11
21
22
23
24
16
15
14
13
12
17
16
15
14
13
Final Paint
Carpet
Final Clean & Punchlist
Owner FF&E
18
17
16
15
14
19
18
17
16
15
20
19
18
17
16
21
20
19
18
17
22
21
20
19
18
23
22
21
20
19
24
23
22
21
20
24
23
22
21
24
23
22
24
23
24
Project Overview
Appendix C – Analysis 4
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Phase Resequence Schedule
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Background Information
South Halls Renovation Schedule Comparisons
2012
Planning & Procurement
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
Original Phasing Schedule
Background Information
Process
Results
Final Recommendation
Acknowledgements
2015
May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb
Haller - Lyons
Chace
Ewing - Cross
Cooper - Hoyt
Redifer Commons
Closeout
Hibbs - Stephens
Chace
Results
Background Information
2014
Hibbs - Stephens
Approach
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
2013
New Phasing Schedule
Haller - Lyons
Redifer Commons
Ewing - Cross
Cooper - Hoyt
Closeout
SCHEDULE SAVINGS
Project Overview
Appendix C – Analysis 4
Phase Resequence Gen Cond.
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Background Information
Planning & Procurement
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
Background Information
Approach
Results
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Cost Code
013113200220
013113200200
013113200180
013113200120
013113200100
013113200260
013113200240
013113200240
013113200020
013113200010
013113200010
Phase 1 Original Staffing
Description
Quantity
Unit
Project Executive
17
Weeks
Project Director
44
Weeks
Project Manager
87
Weeks
Senior Project Engineer
87
Weeks
Project Engineer
87
Weeks
Senior Superintendent
87
Weeks
Field Superintendent
87
Weeks
Field Superintendent
87
Weeks
Project Technician
87
Weeks
Intern
13
Weeks
Intern
13
Weeks
Cost Code
013113200220
013113200200
013113200180
013113200100
013113200260
013113200020
013113200010
Phase 2 Original Staffing
Description
Quantity
Unit
Project Executive
12
Weeks
Project Director
30
Weeks
Project Manager
60
Weeks
Senior Project Engineer
60
Weeks
Senior Superintendent
60
Weeks
Project Technician
60
Weeks
Intern
13
Weeks
Labor/Unit
3825
3350
2900
2050
1575
3100
2825
2825
570
1040
1040
Labor Total
$
66,555.00
$ 145,725.00
$ 252,300.00
$ 178,350.00
$ 137,025.00
$ 269,700.00
$ 245,775.00
$ 245,775.00
$
49,590.00
$
13,520.00
$
13,520.00
$ 1,617,835.00
Labor/Unit
3825
3350
2900
2050
3100
570
1040
Subtotal
Labor Total
$
45,900.00
$ 100,500.00
$ 174,000.00
$ 123,000.00
$ 186,000.00
$
34,200.00
$
13,520.00
$ 677,120.00
Background Information
Process
Results
Final Recommendation
Acknowledgements
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Cost Code
013113200220
013113200200
013113200180
013113200120
013113200100
013113200260
013113200240
013113200240
013113200020
013113200010
013113200010
Phase 2 New Staffing
Description
Quantity
Unit
Project Executive
8
Weeks
Project Director
20
Weeks
Project Manager
39
Weeks
Senior Project Engineer
39
Weeks
Project Engineer
39
Weeks
Senior Superintendent
39
Weeks
Field Superintendent
39
Weeks
Field Superintendent
39
Weeks
Project Technician
39
Weeks
Intern
13
Weeks
Intern
13
Weeks
Labor/Unit
3825
3350
2900
2050
1575
3100
2825
2825
570
1040
1040
Subtotal
Labor Total
$
29,835.00
$
65,325.00
$ 113,100.00
$
79,950.00
$
61,425.00
$ 120,900.00
$ 110,175.00
$ 110,175.00
$
22,230.00
$
13,520.00
$
13,520.00
$ 740,155.00
Project Overview
Appendix C – Analysis 4
Phase Resequence Gen Cond.
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Background Information
Planning & Procurement
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
Background Information
Approach
Results
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Background Information
Process
Results
Final Recommendation
Acknowledgements
Phase 1 Chace General Conditions
Phase 1 General Conditions
015213400100
015213400120
015213400140
015213400160
01521340010
01521340010
01521340010
Misc.
014523505570
015113500140
015626500250
015813500020
015433406410
015433400010
024119190600
017413200010
Field Office
Equipment
Supplies
Telephone
Lights and HVAC
Computer Equipment/Software
Furniture
Postage/Packaging
Safety & Security
Subtotal Safety/Security
Quality & Testing
Testing (1/month)
Temporary Utilities
Temporary Electrical Power
Temporary Facilities
Site Fencing
Signage
Temporary Toilets (4)
Small Tools
Small Tools/Equipment
Cleaning and Waste Management
Dumpsters (2)
Final Cleaning
20
20
20
20
1
1
20
Month
Month
Month
Month
LPSM
LPSM
Month
217.8
100
88.11
165.33
50000
10000
200
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
4,356.00
2,000.00
1,762.20
3,306.60
50,000.00
10,000.00
4,000.00
1
LPSM
10000
$
10,000.00
20
Each
301.32
$
6,026.40
1
LPSM
3268
$
3,268.00
2700
200
80
LF
SF
Month
7.43
37.13
227.88
$
$
$
20,061.00
7,426.00
18,230.40
1
LPSM
5000
$
5,000.00
174
1420.04
Weeks
MSF
505
90.46
$
$
$
87,870.00
128,456.82
361,763.42
015213400100
015213400120
015213400140
015213400160
01521340010
01521340010
01521340010
Misc.
014523505570
015113500140
015626500250
015813500020
015433406410
015433400010
024119190600
017413200010
Field Office
Equipment
Supplies
Telephone
Lights and HVAC
Computer Equipment/Software
Furniture
Postage/Packaging
Safety & Security
Subtotal Safety/Security
Quality & Testing
Testing (1/month)
Temporary Utilities
Temporary Electrical Power
Temporary Facilities
Site Fencing
Signage
Temporary Toilets (4)
Small Tools
Small Tools/Equipment
Cleaning and Waste Management
Dumpsters (2)
Final Cleaning
15
15
15
15
1
1
15
Month 217.8
Month
100
Month 88.11
Month 165.33
LPSM 50000
LPSM 10000
Month
200
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
3,267.00
1,500.00
1,321.65
2,479.95
50,000.00
10,000.00
3,000.00
1
LPSM
10000
$
10,000.00
15
Each
301.32
$
4,519.80
1
LPSM
3268
$
5,500.00
LF
7.43
SF
37.13
Month 227.88
$
$
$
22,290.00
3,713.00
13,672.80
1
LPSM
5000
$
5,000.00
128
415.78
Weeks
MSF
505
90.46
$
$
$
64,640.00
37,611.46
238,515.66
3000
100
60
Phase Resequence Gen Cond.
Appendix C – Analysis 4
Project Overview
Quaid Spearing| Construction Option
South Halls Renovation | Penn State University
Analysis 1: Modular Bathrooms
Phase 2 Original General Conditions
Background Information
Planning & Procurement
Design Evaluation – Arch. Breadth
Results
Analysis 2: SIPS
Background Information
015213400100
015213400120
015213400140
015213400160
01521340010
01521340010
01521340010
Approach
Misc.
Results
014523505570
Analysis 4: Phase Resequencing
Background Information
Process
Results
015113500140
015626500250
015813500020
015433406410
Final Recommendation
015433400010
Acknowledgements
024119190600
017413200010
Field Office
Equipment
Supplies
Telephone
Lights and HVAC
Computer Equipment/Software
Furniture
Postage/Packaging
Safety & Security
Subtotal Safety/Security
Quality & Testing
Testing (1/month)
Temporary Utilities
Temporary Electrical Power
Temporary Facilities
Site Fencing
Signage
Temporary Toilets (4)
Small Tools
Small Tools/Equipment
Cleaning and Waste Management
Dumpsters (2)
Final Cleaning
Phase 2 New General Conditions
14
14
14
14
1
1
14
Month 217.8
Month
100
Month 88.11
Month 165.33
LPSM 50000
LPSM 10000
Month
200
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
3,049.20
1,400.00
1,233.54
2,314.62
50,000.00
10,000.00
2,800.00
015213400100
015213400120
015213400140
015213400160
01521340010
01521340010
01521340010
1
LPSM
10000
$
10,000.00
Misc.
14
Each
301.32
$
4,218.48
014523505570
1
LPSM
3268
$
3,268.00
015113500140
LF
7.43
SF
37.13
Month 227.88
$
$
$
20,061.00
7,426.00
12,761.28
015626500250
015813500020
015433406410
LPSM
5000
$
5,000.00
015433400010
122
Weeks
1420.04 MSF
505
90.46
$
$
$
61,610.00
128,456.82
323,598.94
024119190600
017413200010
2700
200
56
1
Field Office
Equipment
Supplies
Telephone
Lights and HVAC
Computer Equipment/Software
Furniture
Postage/Packaging
Safety & Security
Subtotal Safety/Security
Quality & Testing
Testing (1/month)
Temporary Utilities
Temporary Electrical Power
Temporary Facilities
Site Fencing
Signage
Temporary Toilets (4)
Small Tools
Small Tools/Equipment
Cleaning and Waste Management
Dumpsters (2)
Final Cleaning
9
9
9
9
1
1
9
Month 217.8
Month
100
Month 88.11
Month 165.33
LPSM 50000
LPSM 10000
Month
200
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
1,960.20
900.00
792.99
1,487.97
50,000.00
10,000.00
1,800.00
1
LPSM
10000
$
10,000.00
9
Each
301.32
$
2,711.88
1
LPSM
3268
$
3,268.00
LF
7.43
SF
37.13
Month 227.88
$
$
$
20,061.00
7,426.00
8,203.68
LPSM
5000
$
5,000.00
78
Weeks
1420.04 MSF
505
90.46
$
$
$
39,390.00
128,456.82
291,458.54
2700
200
36
1
Description
Phase 1 Staffing
Phase 2 Staffing
Phase 1 Gen Cond.
Phase 1 Chace Gen
Cond.
Phase 2 Gen Cond.
Total
General Conditions Summary
Original $
New $
$ 1,617,835.00 $ 1,617,835.00
$ 677,120.00 $ 740,155.00
$ 361,763.42 $ 361,763.42
Cost Difference
$
$
63,035.00
$
-
$
$
238,515.66
291,458.54
$
$
(32,140.40)
$ 3,249,727.62
$
30,894.60
238,515.66
323,598.94
$ 3,218,833.02
$
$