GENETIC INFLUENCES ON PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT Condition Gender Description Determined by the fertilisation of an x cell from the mother and x or y cell from the father Inherited Determined by the genetic Characteristic make-up of both parents s Down Also called Trisomy 21. Syndrome Condition where extra genetic material causes delays in development both mentally and physically Cant be prevented Extra chromosome total of 47 not 46 Haemophilia Rare blood disorder caused by inherited gene Lack blood clotting factor Mainly in males- carried on X chromosome Need special first aid for injured muscles or joints Coeliac Digestive condition resulting Disease in intolerance of gluten products Effects xx female child xy male child References/URL http://www.biologyonline.org/2/6_sex_chromosomes.htm hair and eye colour, face shape, hair type, height & build, etc… http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/s cience/ocr_gateway_pre_2011/ourselves/7_w ho_am_i1.shtml http://kidshealth.org/parent/medical/genetic /down_syndrome.html# Flat facial profile, upward slant to eyes, small ears, protruding tongue, low muscle tone, reach milestones later than other children Ability to learn, mild to moderate intellectual impairment Prone to bleeding especially internally Can lead to chronic pain and arthritis http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/b hcarticles.nsf/pages/Haemophilia?open Immune reactions in small intestines Affects the body’s way of absorbing nutrients from food Destroys small intestines inner surface http://www.coeliacdisease.com.au/ GENETIC INFLUENCES ON PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT Condition Sickle-Cell Anemia Tay-Sachs Disease Colour Blindness Cystic Fibrosis Klinefelter’s Syndrome Description Inherited blood disorder mostly affects people of African ancestory. Does occur in ethnic groups Rare fatal genetic lipid storage disorder Harmful qualities of a fatty substance called Ganglioside builds up in tissues and nerves cells in brain Have difficulty with colours green, yellow, orange, red Lack of specific coloursencitive cells in eye Inherited More boys affected than girls Life threatening genetic disorder No cure, but medication to help Known as XXY Condition Males who have an extra X chromosome in most cells Instead of usual XY Most common chromosome Effects Affects hemoglobin, protein found in red blood cells Suffer from anemia References/URL http://kidshealth.org/teen/diseases_conditio ns/blood/sickle_cell_anemia.html# Development slows, muscles weekend, loses motor skils, seizures, visions, hearing loss, intelectuall disability, paralysis http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/taysachs /taysachs.htm See colours differently than others Noticed around 4 yrs old http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/b hcarticles.nsf/pages/Colour_blindness Affects lungs reproductive system and digestive system http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/b hcarticles.nsf/pages/Cystic_fibrosis Physical development Slightly different when puberty hits Language & social development http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/klin efelter_syndrome.cfm http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/tay-sachsdisease abnormality in humans