Bellringer & Section 1 Notes
Chemists and other scientists write the element names so often that they have developed a
system of short symbols. Most of the symbols are one or two letters taken from the element’s
name. Some of the elements have symbols that derive from their Latin names. What is
important about knowing the symbols is that scientists from all over the world are able to
communicate, no matter what language they speak.
1. Complete the right column of the table below, using the following names: boron, bromine,
calcium, magnesium, neon, nitrogen, silicon, sulfur, zinc.
Symbol
Element
Symbol
Element
O
Oxygen
Mg
A.
H
Hydrogen
Br
B.
Na
Sodium
N
C.
K
Potassium
S
D.
I
Iodine
Ca
E.
C
Carbon
B
F.
Cl
Chlorine
Zn
G.
Fe
Iron
Si
H.
Ag
Silver
Ne
I.
2. Which four elements do you think
were used before modern times?
(Hint: Prior to modern times,
scientists frequently used Latin
rather than English to
communicate. Because of that, the
symbols of these elements
do not match the English names.)
1. Complete the right column of the table below, using the following names: boron,
bromine, calcium, magnesium, neon, nitrogen, silicon, sulfur, zinc.
Symbol
Element
Symbol
Element
O
Oxygen
Mg
A. Magnesium
H
Hydrogen
Br
B. Bromine
Na
Sodium
N
C. Nitrogen
K
Potassium
S
D. Sulfur
I
Iodine
Ca
E. Calcium
C
Carbon
B
F. Boron
Cl
Chlorine
Zn
G. Zinc
Fe
Iron
Si
H. Silicon
Ag
Silver
Ne
I. Neon
2. Which four elements do you think were used before modern times? Hint: Prior to modern
times, scientists frequently used Latin rather than English to communicate. Because of that,
the symbols of these elements do not match the English names.)
Sodium - Na, Potassium - K, Silver - Ag, and Iron - Fe
Section 1
What Is Matter?
I. Composition of Matter
A. Chemistry – Made up of three parts:
1. What things are made of.
2. What their properties are.
3. How they interact & change.
B. Matter – Has _____
mass & takes up _____.
space
C. All matter is made up of _______.
ATOMS
1. Elements – made of the same type of atoms.
2. We recognize 115 elements.
D. Compounds - made from atoms of two or more
elements.
1. Compounds usually have a different appearance
than the elements that make them up.
E. Chemical Formula – The ratio of atoms that make up
a chemical formula.
1. Two parts:
a. Chemical symbols
b. Numbers of atoms
C9H8O4
Subscript: tells the number
of carbon (C) atoms
F. Practice – Name the:
1. element and the number of those elements
2. Total number of atoms in the molecule
Example: NaCl
Symbol
Element
# of Atoms
Na
Sodium
1 atom
Cl
Chlorine
1 atom
Total
2 atoms
F. Practice – Name the:
1. element and the number of those elements
2. Total number of atoms in the molecule
1. C8H10N4O2
2. C3H8O
3. H2O2
4. C6H12O6
F. Practice – Name the:
1. element and the number of those elements
2. Total number of atoms in the molecule
1. C8H10N4O2
1. Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Total:
8 atoms
10 atoms
4 atoms
2 atoms_
24 atoms
F. Practice – Name the:
1. element and the number of those elements
2. Total number of atoms in the molecule
2. C3H8O
2. Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Total:
3 atoms
8 atoms
1 atoms_
12 atoms
F. Practice – Name the:
1. element and the number of those elements
2. Total number of atoms in the molecule
3. H2O2
3. Hydrogen
Oxygen
Total:
2 atoms
2 atoms_
4 atoms
F. Practice – Name the:
1. element and the number of those elements
2. Total number of atoms in the molecule
4. C6H12O6
4. Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Total:
6
12
6_
24
II. Pure Substances & Mixtures
A. Pure Substance – Has a fixed composition & definite
properties
Pure Substance – all molecules
are the same.
B. Mixture – Combination of two or more substances
Mixture – composed of different
types of molecules.
C. Pure substance OR Mixture?
1. Water:
Pure Substance
2. hydrogen peroxide:
Pure Substance
3. Dr. Pepper:
Mixture
4. Mayonnaise:
Mixture
5. Diamond
Pure Substance
6. Pencil Lead
Pure Substance
III. Heterogeneous and Homogeneous mixtures
A. Heterogeneous Mixtures – Substances are not mixed
uniformly and are not
evenly distributed
Italian salad dressing is a
heterogeneous mixture.
The ingredients will settle If the
bottle is left standing.
B. Homogeneous Mixtures – Substances are mixed
evenly
Water is a homogeneous mixture
Vinegar is a homogeneous mixture
made of acetic acid and water
Kool Aid is a homogeneous mixture
composed of water, flavoring, and
sugar
Assignment:
Workbook Pg. 6