EE 6332, Spring, 2016
Wireless Telecommunication Systems
Zhu Han
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Class 1
Jan. 20th, 2016
Outline
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Instructor information

Motivation to study wireless communications and networks

Course descriptions and textbooks

What you will study from this course
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Objectives
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Coverage and schedule
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Homework, projects, and exams
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Other policies
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Reasons to be my students

Introduction to wireless networks
Instructor Information
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Office location: Engineering Building II W302
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Office hours: Mon. 1:00pm - 3:00pm, or by appointment
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Email: zhan2@uh.edu hanzhu22@gmail.com
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Phone: 713-743-4437(o) /301-996-2011(c)
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Course website:
http://www2.egr.uh.edu/~zhan2/ECE6332
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TA: ???
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Research interests:
Wireless Networking, Signal Processing and Security
http://wireless.egr.uh.edu/
Motivations
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Recent Development
– Cellular system: 3G, 4G, video, game,
– WIFI everywhere
– WIMAX, next generation metropolitan web for business
– UWB, no cables
– Bluetooth, small devices connections

Job Market
– Probably one of most easy and high paid majors recently
– Many companies in town or Dallas/Austin

Research Potential
– One-to-one communication has less room to go, but
multiuser communication is still an open issue.
Course Objective

Past decade has seen a surge of research activities in the field of
wireless communication.

Emerging from this research thrust are new points of view on
how to communicate effectively over wireless channels.

The goal of this course is to study in a unified way the
fundamentals as well as the new research developments.

The concepts are illustrated using examples from several
modern wireless systems (GSM, IS-95, CDMA 2000 1x EVDO, Flarion's Flash OFDM, ArrayComm systems.)
Course Descriptions

What is the wireless communication system?
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What are the wireless channels?
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What are the theorems?

What are the major components and techniques?
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How is the information transmitted?
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What are the current industrial standards?
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What are the state-of-art research?
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Can I find a job by studying this course?

Can I find research topics?
Textbook and Software
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Require textbook:
Andrea Goldsmith, Wireless Communication. Cambridge Univ. Press 2005.
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Optional testbook
David Tse and Pramod Viswanath, Fundamentals of Wireless
Communication. Cambridge University Press, 2005
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Require Software: MATLAB;
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Recommended readings

Digital communications: J. Proakis, Digital Communications

Random process: G.R. Grimmett and D.R. Stirzaker, Probability and Random
Processes

Estimation and detection: H.V. Poor, An introduction to Signal Detection and
Estimation
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Information theory: T. M. Cover and J. A. Thomas, Elements of Information Theory

Error correct coding: P.Sweeney, Error Control Coding
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Computer Networks: A. S. Tanenbaum, Computer Networks
Schedule
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Overview
Wireless Channel
Capacity (important, black board)
Digital Modulation
Coding (important black board)
Adaptive modulation and coding
Diversity and MIMO
Equalization
OFDM
CDMA
Wireless Networking
Slides and black board
For unimportant chapters, might not fully follow the book.
Homework, Project, and Exam
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
Homework
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3~4 sets
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Rules: 50% off if late. 0% is 2 week late
Exams



•
Two exams
Team Project
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2~3 people, related topics, presentation, and term paper

Schedule next week
Participations
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Attendance and Feedback
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Invited Talks for 2 missing class due to conference
Votes for the percentages for homework, projects, and exams
Teaching Styles
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
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black board plus Slides
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Slides can convey more information in an organized way
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Blackboard is better for equations and prevents you from not coming.
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A lesson from last semester: math
Course Website
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Print handouts with 3 slides per page before you come
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Homework assignment and solutions
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Project descriptions and preliminary codes
Feedback
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Too fast, too slow, small class advantages.

Presentation, English, …
Other Policies
Any violation of academic integrity will receive academic and
possibly disciplinary sanctions, including the possible awarding
of an XF grade which is recorded on the transcript and states that
failure of the course was due to an act of academic dishonesty.
All acts of academic dishonesty are recorded so repeat offenders
can be sanctioned accordingly.
• CHEATING
• COPYING ON A TEST
• PLAGIARISM
• ACTS OF AIDING OR ABETTING
• UNAUTHORIZED POSSESSION
• SUBMITTING PREVIOUS WORK
• TAMPERING WITH WORK
• GHOSTING or MISREPRESENTATION
• ALTERING EXAMS
• COMPUTER THEFT
Reasons to be my students

Wireless Communication and Networking have great market

Usually highly paid and have potential to retire overnight

Highly interdisciplinary

Do not need to find research topics which are the most difficult
part.

Research Assistant, Stipend
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Free trips to conferences in China, Hawaii, Europe, Australia,
South Africa, Miami…

A kind of nice (at least looks like)

Work with hope and happiness

Graduate fast
Questions? Chapter 1 Introduction
History of Telecommunication

Prehistoric: Fires, Beacons, Smoke signals

6th century BC: Mail

5th century BC: Pigeon post
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4th century BC: Hydraulic semaphores
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490 BC: Heliographs
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15th century AD: Maritime flags
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1790 AD: Semaphore lines
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19th century AD: Signal lamps
History of Telecommunication

Audio signals:
– Prehistoric: Communication drums, Horns
– 1838 AD: Electrical telegraph. See: Telegraph history.
– 1876: Telephone. See: Invention of the telephone, History of the telephone,
Timeline of the telephone
– 1880: Photophone
– 1896: Radio. See: History of radio.

Advanced electrical/electronic signals:
–
–
–
–
–
1927: Television. See: History of television
1930: Videophone
1964: Fiber optical telecommunications
1969: Computer networking
1981: Analog cellular mobile phones
– 1982: SMTP email
– 1983: Internet. See: History of Internet
– 1998: Satellite phones
At Home
WiFi
satellite
WiFi 802.11g/n
WiFi
UWB
bluetooth
WiFi
cellular
At Home
Source: http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/science/wireless_interactives.htm
At Home: Last-Mile

Many users still don’t have
broadband
– reasons: out of service area;
some consider expensive

Broadband speed is still
limited
– DSL: 1-6 Mbps download,
and 100-768Kbps upload
– Cable modem: depends on
your neighbors
– Insufficient for several
applications (e.g., highquality video streaming)
On the Move
Source: http://www.ece.uah.edu/~jovanov/whrms/
On the Move: Context-Aware
Source: http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~aura/docdir/sensay_iswc.pdf
On the Road
GSM/UMTS,
cdmaOne/cdma2000,
WLAN, GPS
DAB, TETRA, ...
road condition,
weather,
location-based services,
emergency
Example: IntelliDrive (Vehicle
Infrastructure Integration)

Traffic crashes resulted in more
than 41,000 lives lost in 2007

Establishing vehicle-to-vehicle
(V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure
(V2I) and vehicle-to-hand-helddevices (V2D) communications
– safety: e.g., intersection collision
avoidance/violation warning/turn
conflict warning, curve warning
– mobility: e.g., crash data, weather/road
surface data, construction zones,
emergency vehicle signal pre-emption
More info: http://www.its.dot.gov/intellidrive/index.htm
Collision Avoidance : V2V Networks

stalled vehicle warning
r bland spots
http://www.gm.com/company/gmability/safety/news_issues/releases/sixthsense_102405.html
Collision Avoidance at Intersections

Two million
accidents at
intersections per
year in US
Source: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/tfhrc/safety/pubs/its/ruralitsandrd/tb-intercollision.pdf
Mobile and Wireless Services – Always
Best Connected
LAN, WLAN
780 kbit/s
GSM 53 kbit/s
Bluetooth 500 kbit/s
UMTS Rel. 5
400 kbit/s
LAN
100 Mbit/s,
WLAN
54 Mbit/s
UMTS,
DECT
2 Mbit/s
GSM/EDGE 135 kbit/s,
WLAN 780 kbit/s
GSM 115 kbit/s,
WLAN 11 Mbit/s
UMTS Rel. 6
400 kbit/s
Disaster Recovery/Military

9/11, Tsunami, Hurricane Katrina,
South Asian earthquake …

Wireless communication and
mobile computing capability
can make a difference
between life and death !
–
–
–
–
rapid deployment
efficient resource and energy usage
http://www.att.com/ndr/
flexible: unicast, broadcast, multicast, anycast
resilient: survive in unfavorable and untrusted environments
26
Habitat Monitoring: Example on Great Duck Island
A 15-minute human visit leads to 20%
offspring mortality
Patch
Network
Gateway
Transit Network
Basestation
Challenge 1: Unreliable and Unpredictable
Wireless Coverage
r Wireless links are not reliable: they may
vary over time and space
Reception v. Distance
Asymmetry vs. Power
*Cerpa, Busek et. al
What Robert Poor (Ember) calls “The good, the bad and the ugly”
Challenge 2: Open Wireless Medium
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
Wireless interference
S1
R1
S2
Hidden terminals and
R1
S1

R2
Exposed terminal
R1

R1
S1
S2
Wireless security
– eavesdropping, denial of service, …
R2
Challenge 3: Mobility

Mobility causes poor-quality wireless links

Mobility causes intermittent connection
– under intermittent connected networks, traditional routing, TCP,
applications all break

Mobility changes context, e.g., location
Challenge 4: Portability

Limited battery power

Limited processing, display and storage
Sensors,
embedded
controllers
PDA phone
Laptop
• data
• simpler graphical displays • fully functional
• standard applications
• 802.11/3G
• battery; 802.11
Mobile phones
• voice, data
• simple graphical displays
• GSM/3G
Performance/Weight/Power Consumption
Challenge 5: Changing Regulation and
Multiple Communication Standards
cellular phones
1981:
NMT 450
satellites
1986:
NMT 900
1992:
GSM
1994:
DCS 1800
analogue
1984:
CT1
1988:
InmarsatC
1991: 1991:
CDMA D-AMPS
1993:
PDC
2000:
GPRS
wireless
LAN
1980:
CT0
1982:
InmarsatA
1983:
AMPS
cordless
phones
1992:
Inmarsat-B
Inmarsat-M
1987:
CT1+
1989:
CT 2
1991:
DECT
1998:
Iridium
199x:
proprietary
1997:
IEEE 802.11
1999:
802.11b, Bluetooth
2000:
IEEE 802.11a
2001:
IMT-2000
digital
Fourth
Generation
(Internet
based)
Wireless Technologies
WAN
(Wide Area Network)
MAN
(Metropolitan Area Network)
LAN
(Local Area Network)
PAN
PAN
Standards
Speed
Range
Applications
Bluetooth/UWB
802.15.3
(Personal Area
Network)
LAN
802.11
Bluetooth < 1 Mbps
b: 11 to g: 54 Mbps
UWB <480Mbps
MAN
WAN
802.11
802.16
802.20
GSM, CDMA,
Satellite
10-100+ Mbps
10 Kbps–2 Mbps
Short
Medium
Medium-Long
Long
Peer-to-Peer
Device-to-Device
Enterprise
Networks
Last Mile Access
Mobile Data
Devices
Evolution of Mobile Systems to 4G
Mobile Station

MP3, GPS, vending machine
UMPC
Base Station
Cheaper, denser, smaller
WMAN/WiMax Structure

Replace cable or low speed fiber in the last mile
Comparison of 802.11 Standards

g is back compatible with b. but b is supported by Intel

CDMA vs. OFDM

Free WIFI in SF

Contention based multiple access

802.11AC
Personal Area Networks

802.15: 4m-10m
– Master-slave
piconets
– Capable of
connecting a
mix of multiple
piconets into
“scatternet”
– Service
discovery
protocol allows
invisible
interaction of
various “trusted”
devices
– Less susceptible
to interference
Bluetooth
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Wireless PAN
2.4GHz band with 1Mbps speed
Spread spectrum frequency-hopping
“always on” user-transparent cable-replacement
Combination of packet-switching & circuit-switching (good for
data & voice)
3 voice channels - 64Kbps each
Low power, low cost
Transparently connects “office” devices
– Laptop, Desktop, PDA, Phone, printer


Bridging capability: network-pda-phone
Zigbee: low power devices
Ultra Wide Band

High speed at short range:
– 480 Mb/s at ~3m. Does not penetrate walls

Bandwidth
>500MHz

Very low power
density

Wireless USB

HDTV connection

CDMA vs. OFDM
Comparison

Speed and Range
Ad Hoc Network

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs)
– An autonomous collection of mobile users that communicate over
relatively bandwidth constrained wireless links.
– Since the nodes are mobile, the network topology may change rapidly
and unpredictably over time.
– The network is decentralized, where all network activity including
discovering the topology and delivering messages must be executed by
the nodes themselves. MANETs need efficient distributed algorithms to
determine network organization, link scheduling, and routing.
– The set of applications for MANETs is heterogeneous, ranging from
small, static networks that are constrained by power sources, to largescale, mobile, highly dynamic networks
– In a military environment, preservation of security, latency, reliability,
intentional jamming, and recovery from failure are significant concerns
MANET Examples

Ad hoc mode of WIFI

Military

Infrastructure-less
Wireless Sensor Networks
Cognitive Radio

Software radio
– Can change modulation
carrier frequency to
different service
providers

Cognitive radio
with cognitive
ability
The Layered Reference Model
Application
Application
Transport
Transport
Network
Network
Data Link
Physical
Radio
Network
Network
Data Link
Data Link
Data Link
Physical
Physical
Physical
Medium
Often we need to implement a function across multiple layers.
GPS Orbits
GPS Position

By knowing how far one is from three satellites one can ideally
find their 3D coordinates

To correct for clock errors one needs to receive four satellites

Differential GPS: local FM
Type of waves
Radio Frequency Bands
Classification Band
Initials
Frequency Range
Characteristics
Extremely low
ELF
< 300 Hz
Infra low
ILF
300 Hz - 3 kHz
Very low
VLF
3 kHz - 30 kHz
Low
LF
30 kHz - 300 kHz
Medium
MF
300 kHz - 3 MHz
Ground/Sky wave
High
HF
3 MHz - 30 MHz
Sky wave
Very high
VHF
30 MHz - 300 MHz
Ultra high
UHF
300 MHz - 3 GHz
Ground wave
Space wave
Super high
SHF
3 GHz - 30 GHz
Extremely high
EHF
30 GHz - 300 GHz
Tremendously high
THF
300 GHz - 3000 GHz
Satellite Communications






Large communication area. Any
two places within the coverage of
radio transmission by satellite can
communicate with each other.
Seldom effected by land disaster (
high reliability)
Circuit can be started upon
establishing earth station (prompt
circuit starting)
Can be received at many places
simultaneously, and realize
broadcast, multi-access
communication economically(
feature of multi-access)
Very flexible circuit installment ,
can disperse over-centralized traffic
at any time.
One channel can be used in
different directions or areas (multiaccess connecting).
Rain Attenuation
Channel, Bandwidth, Spectrum

Bandwidth: the number of bits per second is proportional to B
http://www.ntia.doc.gov/osmhome/allochrt.pdf