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SPECIFIC IMMUNITY
Emily Mace and Meg Muths
Block 1
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HELPER T CELL
 “Alarm
system”
 Activates
 Uses
most b-cells
MHC II
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/humanbiology/immunology/v/helper-t-cells
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B CELL
 Membrane
Bound antibodies
 Most
are t-cell dependent
 Uses
MHC II
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/humanbiology/immunology/v/helper-t-cells
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CYTOTOXIC T CELL
 Aids
in destruction of diseased cells
 “Self
assisted destruction”
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/humanbiology/immunology/v/cytotoxic-t-cell-mhc-i-complexes
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MHC I & II
 Puts
an antigen on display
 MHC
I=CYTOTOXIC T-CELLS
 MHC
II=HELPER T-CELLS AND B-CELLS
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/humanbiology/immunology/v/helper-t-cells
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/humanbiology/immunology/v/cytotoxic-t-cell-mhc-i-complexes
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CELL SIGNALING
Cytokines
 originate
in helper t-cells and activate b-cells
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/humanbiology/immunology/v/helper-t-cells
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DISEASED STATE
HIV—Human
Immunodeficiency Virus
Attacks
t-cells and rapidly replicates
Can be contracted multiple ways—not airborne
 Sexually, drug injection, pregnancy, occupational
exposure
 Does not live long outside of the body

https://www.aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics/hiv-aids-101/what-is-hiv-aids/index.html
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A DAY IN THE LIFE

A student at GHS infected with HIV would face numerous
challenges

Frequent nurse visits to receive meds

Can cause nausea & vomiting, therefore making it difficult to
eat & remain

Immunocompromised therefore must be very careful to avoid
contracting viruses that may be airborne or spread through
direct contact

Lack of self confidence due to rashes or lesions that may occur
secondary to the HIV virus
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HOMEOSTASIS

Specific immunity cells help the body maintain homeostasis
by fighting off disease and removing foreign entities.
PEARSON BIOLOGY EIGHTH EDITION
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EVOLUTION
 Lymphocytes
(immune cells) have evolved through
many different receptors and antibodies to
accommodate the constantly changing strains of
antigens
http://www.jimmunol.org/content/172/10/5851.full
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THINGS TO
REMEMBER

SPECIFIC RECEPTORS/ANTIBODIES

ONCE ACTIVATED, ALL PRODUCE MEMORY & EFFECTOR
CELLS

HELPER T-CELLS & B-CELLS=PREVENTION (OUTSIDE CELL)

CYTOTOXIC T-CELLS=TREATMENT (INSIDE CELL)