3rd International Conference and Exhibition on
Traditional & Alternative Medicine
August 03-05, 2015 Birmingham, UK
In Association with
Presented By
Name: AWOTUNDE OLUWASEGUN SAMSON
Country: NIGERIA/ UGANDA
Assessment of the liver, kidney function
parameters and enzyme activities in male
wister rats administered with Aqueous
Extract of Massularia acuminata root
Introduction
• The incidence of sexual inadequacy in human
males, has led to the development of a
number of treatment options.
• This has necessitated the need for more
pharmacological research on safer,cheaper
natural treatment options.
Among the plants which have been reported to
be used for the management of MSD in some
parts of Africa is Massularia acuminata root.
•Massularia
acuminata (pako
ijebu)belongs to the
family Rubiceae.
• it is a small tropical plant
growing up to 5m high and
is distributed from Sierria
Leone through Nigeria to
Zaire,
Plate 1: Massularia acuminata root
From our previous study it was established that the aqueous
extract of the root posses androgenic potential in male Wister
rats.
Objective of the study
• This study was therefore aimed at
investigating the effect of the administration
of aqueous extract of Massularia acuminata
root on liver function parameters, kidney
function parameters and some selected
enzyme activities in male rats, with a view to
evaluating and validating its safety.
Materials
The sample of the plant was
obtained from herb sellers at
Ijebu-ode, Ogun state, Nigeria.
It was authenticated at the
Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria
(FRIN), Ibadan, Nigeria where a voucher
specimen (FHI107644) was deposited.
Albino rats were obtained
from animal holding unit
of University of Ilorin.
• Assay kits
The assay kits for gammaglutamyl transferase, alkaline
phosphatase and acid phosphatase,
were products
of human Gessellscchaft fiir
Biochemica und Diagnostica
mbh Max-planck-Ring21-D65205
Wiesbaden-Germany.
• Other reagents All other reagents used were
of analytical grade and were
prepared in all glass
distilled water.
Methods
•
This study consist of three investigations:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Preliminary chemical screening.
Enzyme activities studies.
Liver Function studies.
Kidney Function studies.
Preliminary chemical screening
• Qualitative and Quantitative analysis
The methods described by Sofowora (1993),
Edeoga et al (2005), Van-Burden and
Robinson( 1981), Obadoni and Ochuko( 2001),
and (El-Olemy et al ., 1994) were used
Enzyme activities
• Alkaline phosphatase was determined by Optimized
standard method according to the recommendations of
the German Clinical Chemistry Association was used.
• Acid phosphatase activity was determined by the
method of Hillman
• Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase was determined by
Kinetic colorimetric method
FUNCTION STUDIES
• The methods used for the determination
include;
• Tietz (1995),
• Doumas et al.,(1971)
• Veniamin and Vakirtzi (1970) and
• Blass et al., (1979)
Animal grouping and extract administration
• male rats were randomly grouped into four
groups (A, B, C and D) of 15 animals each. Rats
in groups B, C and D were administered orally
with the plant extract once daily at 24hr
interval at the dose of 50, 100, 200 mg/kg
body weight respectively for 21 days.
Plate 4: Extract administration by one of the authors
Statistical analysis
• Results were expressed as the mean of five
replicates ± SD except for the phytochemical
analysis
• Means were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA
and values of P< 0.05 were considered
statistically significant (Mahajan, 1997).
Table 1: Phytochemical constituent of Massularia acuminata root
Phytochemicals
% Concentration
0.036±0.001
Alkaloids
n = 3 ± SD
Steroids
Not detected
Anthraquinone
0.031±0.001
Cardenolides
Not detected
Dienolides
Not detected
Saponins
0.207±0.02
Phenolics
1.09±0.05
Flavonoids
0.038±0.002
Cardiac glycosides
Not detected
Tannins
0.720±0.04
Triterpenes
Not detected
Enzyme Activity
140
Control
50 mg/kg body weight
100 mg/kg body weight
200 mg/kg body weight
Enzyme activity (U/I)
120
100
b
b
d
e
b
b
d
c
80
f
60
a
a
a
40
20
0
1
7
21
Days of administration
Fig 4: Effect of administration of aqueous extract of Massularia acuminata root
on male rat serum alklaine phosphatase activity
120
100
Enzyme activity (U/I)
e
Control
50 mg/kg body weight
100 mg/kg body weight
200 mg/kg body weight
80
d
60
b
c
40
b
b
a
a
a
b
a
a
20
0
1
7
21
Days of administration
Fig 8: Effect of administration of aqueous extract of Massularia acuminataroot
on male rat serum gamma glutamyl transferase activity
20
c
18
c
b
b
Control
50 mg/kg body weight
100 mg/kg body weight
200 mg/kg body weight
d
16
Enzyme activity (U/I)
14
a
a
d
d
c
d
a
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1
7
21
Days of administration
Fig 10: Effect of administration of aqueous extract of Massularia acuminata root
on male rat serum acid phosphatase activity
Liver Function
Control
50 mg/kg body weight
100 mg/kg body weight
200 mg/kg body weight
40
b
b
Serum albumin concnetration (mmol/L)
35
b
b
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1
7
21
Days of administration
Fig 11: Effect of administration of aqueous extract of Massularia acuminata root
on male rat serum albumin concentration
Control
50 mg/kg body weight
100 mg/kg body weight
200 mg/kg body weight
45
Enzyme activity (U/I)
40
35
c
b
a
d
c
d
d
d
b
b
a
a
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1
7
21
Days of administration
Fig 12: Effect of administration of Massularia acuminata
on male rat serum globulin concentration
root
Control
50 mg/kg body weight
100 mg/kg body weight
200 mg/kg body weight
0.8
b
b
Serum bilirubin concentration (mmol/L)
0.7
b
b
b
b
0.6
c
0.5
a
a
0.4
a
a
a
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
1
7
21
Days of administration
Fig 13: Effect of administration of aqueous extract of Massularia acuminata root
on male rat serum total bilirubin concentration
Control
50 mg/kg body weight
100 mg/kg body weight
200 mg/kg body weight
0.8
b
b
b
0.7
Serum bilirubin concentration (mmol/L)
c
0.6
a
a
0.5
a
a
a
a
a
a
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
1
7
21
Days of administration
Fig 14: Effect of administration of aqueous extract of Massularia acuminata root
on male rat serum conjugated bilirubin concentration
Kidney function
Control
50 mg/kg body weight
100 mg/kg body weight
200 mg/kg body weight
Serum sodium ion concentration (mmol/L)
160
140
120
a
a
a
b
b
c
c
b
c
d
100
e
e
80
60
40
20
0
1
7
Days of administration
21
Fig 15: Effect of administration of aqueous extract of Massularia acuminata root
on male rat serum sodium ion concnetration
Serum potassium ion concentration (mmol/L)
Control
50 mg/kg body weight
100 mg/kg body weight
200 mg/kg body weight
70
60
d
d
b
b
40
d
c
c
50
d
d
a
a
a
30
20
10
0
1
7
21
Days of administration
Fig 16: Effect of administration of aqueous extract of Massularia acuminata
on male rat serum potassium ion concentration
root
Serum calcium ion concentration (mmol/L)
25
Control
50 mg/kg body weight
100 mg/kg body weight
200 mg/kg body weight
20
a
a
a
a
a
c
c
a
a
a
a
15
b
10
5
0
1
7
21
Days of administration
Fig 17: Effect of administration of aqueous extract of Massularia acuminata root
on male rat serum calcium ion concentration
Serum creatinine concnetration (mmol/L)
120
c
Control
50 mg/kg body weight
100 mg/kg body weight
200 mg/kg body weight
100
c
b
e
e
d
80
a
a
a
60
a
a
a
40
20
0
1
7
21
Days of administration
Fig 18: Effect of administration of aqueous extract of Massularia acuminata
on male rat serum creatinine concentration
root
Serum urea concentration (mmol/L)
12
10
Control
50 mg/kg body weight
100 mg/kg body weight
200 mg/kg body weight
c
c
c
b
b
b
8
a
a
a
6
a
a
a
4
2
0
1
7
21
Days of administration
Fig 19: Effect of administration of aqueous extract of Massularia acuminata root
on male rat serum urea concentration
Conclusion
• Alterations in the normal levels of enzyme
activities, liver and kidney function
parameters after administration of Massularia
acuminata root might adversely affect the
normal functioning of the biomolecules and
by extension, the organs.
Acknowledgment
• Part of this research was supported by the
international Foundation for Science (IFS),
Stockholm, Sweden, through a grant to
Prof. M.T Yakubu
(grant number F/3977-1 and F/3977-2).
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