Fong Sum Wood Library
Apr 2013 http://www.library.ln.edu.hk/services/libraryworkshops/handouts

Learning Outcomes
At the end of this workshop, you will be able to:
 identify and evaluate various resources from the Library and on the Internet
 learn strategies on searching various information online
 read and identifying different bibliographic citations
 have the basic ideas on plagiarism and citation

1. Identifying Different Resources
 Scholarly Journals VS Popular Magazines
 Primary VS Secondary Resources
 Evaluating Information

Scholarly Journals VS Popular Magazines
• Popular Magazines
• Scholarly Journals

Scholarly Journals VS Popular Magazines
Journals, serials and periodicals are publications that published continuously over a period of time
Scholarly Journals
 Also known as peer reviewed journals or referred journals.
 Author's credentials are provided; usually a scholar or specialist with subject expertise.
 Articles are evaluated by peer-reviewers or referees who are experts in the field; edited for content, format, and style.
 Nearly all the journals are specialized in certain subject areas.
 A plain format with less design in the content.
 Target audience is scholars, researchers and students.
 References are provided in the footnotes or at the end of an article.
 Examples: American Journal of
Psychology, Harvard Business Review.
Popular Magazines
 Published frequently.
 Author is frequently a journalist paid to write articles, may or may not have subject expertise.
 Articles are evaluated by editorial staff, not experts in the field; edited for format and style.
 Deliver the information that is of interest to general public.
 Attractive covers and nice looking design in the contents.
 Target audience is the general public.
 References and citations of the sources may not be provided.
 Examples: Time, National
Geographic.

Scholarly Journals VS Popular Magazines
 You can search the journal titles in the Library catalogue
( http://library.ln.edu.hk/search ) or from the 1-search ( http://www.library.ln.edu.hk/find/1-search-searchbox ).
 For the printed Scholarly Journals and Popular
Magazines, they are located in the "Serials Collections" ,
"Compact Shelves" of 2/F South Wing of the Library and the Popular Magazine Corner of 1/F North Wing of the
Library.

What is "Primary Source"?
 “First-hand" information
 Mostly gathered from the participants/witnesses of an incident
 Usually written/recorded in a very short time after the event happened
Examples of "Primary Source"
 Newspaper articles (reporting an incident)
 Statistical data
 Records of organizations
 Interview transcript
Importance of “Primary Source”
 It presents a strong proof for your comments, which makes your research paper more reliable

What is "Secondary Source" ?
 Information written based on the "Primary Sources"
 It is produced after the "Primary Sources" have been analyzed, commented, evaluated or filtered
Examples of "Secondary Source"
 Editorial in a newspaper
 Research journal articles
 Report findings of a survey
Importance of “Secondary Source”
 Inspire you to think up more and give you more insight of the research question

"Primary Sources" and "Secondary Sources" in different disciplines :
Discipline
Arts
Examples of Primary
Sources
Examples of
Secondary Sources
• Poem
• Artwork
• Criticism of a poem
Business
• Legal documents
• Survey statistics
Social Sciences
• Survey statistics
• Speech of a politician
• Analysis of the stock market
• Survey analysis report
• Commentaries

Evaluating Information
4W1H Approach
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Evaluating Information
 Authorship and Publishing Body: WHO is the author / publisher?
 Target Group: WHO is the intended audience?
 Currency: WHEN was the information released?
 Purpose: WHY this information was written?
 Point of View or Bias: HOW was the information presented? WHAT is the point of view?
 Referral: HOW did the author find this information? Are there references to other sources?
To learn more, please refer to: http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/info_literacy/modules/module5/5_0.ht
m
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2. Access of Information
 Reading List?
 How to Construct a Search?
 View Bibliographic Records in the Library
Catalogue
 Brief Introduction to Library of Congress
Classification Scheme
 1-Search
 Difference between Searching for Information in the
1-Search and Library Catalogue
 Guides@LU

What is a Reading List ?
 Example:
Required readings of a course

Search for Items on a Reading List
 Example: Book
Author
Year of publication
Title
Coupey, Eloise. (2001) . Marketing and the
Internet . New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Publication place Publisher
Remarks: APA Style is used in this example

Search for Items on a Reading List
 Example: Journal Article
Author
Year of publication
Title of the journal article
Street, S . (2006 ). A Darwinian dilemma for realist theories of value.
Philosophical
Studies, 127(1), 109-166.
Title of the journal
Volume number
(Issue number)
Pages
Remarks: APA Style is used in this example

Search for Items on a Reading List
 Example: Book Chapter
Author of the chapter
Year of publication
Title of the chapter
Parton, N . (2012). Thinking and acting constructively in child protection. In S. L. Witkin (Ed.),
Editor of the book
Social construction and social work practice: Interpretations and innovations (pp. 127-153) . New York: Columbia University
Press.
Title of book :
Capital letter also for sub title
Pages of chapter
Publication place
Publisher
Remarks: APA Style is used in this example

How to Construct a Search?
Step 1 – Identify key concepts
The first step in constructing your search is to identify the key concepts of your topic. Identifying key concepts means determining which words in your topic will be best when searching for information sources.
Example: The use of iphones in higher education
Key concepts : iphones & higher education

How to Construct a Search?
Step 2 – Selection of search terms
 Use related words/synonyms to build up a series of keywords for searching
 If you cannot think of the synonyms, you can use the Thesaurus or dictionaries to help
Step 3 – Use of the search operators
 Boolean Operators
 Wildcards/Truncation
 Parentheses

How to Construct a Search? – Use of Boolean Operators
 AND: searches records that contain both search terms, this narrows down the search
E.g. “Darwinian dilemma” AND realist
( 同時出現有關 “Darwinian dilemma ” 及 realist 的結果 )
 OR: finds records in one or both search terms appears, this broadens the search
E.g. realist OR “Darwinian dilemma”
( 出現有關 realist 或 “Darwinian dilemma” 的結果 )
 NOT: finds records in which a specific term is excluded, this narrows down the search
E.g. realist NOT “Darwinian dilemma”
( 出現只有有關 realist , 但沒有 “Darwinian dilemma” 的結果 )
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How to Construct a Search? – Use of Wildcards
 Wildcards / Truncation: retrieves all variant endings of that keyword
 Most systems regard * as a truncation mark
- OPAC: *
- 1-Search*
- EBSCOhost: *
- ProQuest: *
- LexisNexis Academic: !
E.g. translat* - retrieves all words that start with
translat such as translate, translated,
translating translation, translator, etc.
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How to Construct a Search? – Use of Parentheses
 Parentheses( ): group words together, and gives priority and order in a search statement
E.g. (teenager* or adolescent*) and problem* and hong kong
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More
 Be prepared to narrow / expand your search results by using database-specific features / changing your keywords
 “Practice makes perfect”!
You will be more skillful in conducting searches when you try more http://libguides.ln.edu.hk/search_tips

View Bibliographic
Records in the Library Catalogue
 After searching for books or other items in the
Library Catalogue, here below are important tips for you to find out WHERE the book/item is:
LOCATION of the item (where it is stored)
CALL NUMBER of the item (the exact address)
STATUS of the item (available now or not)

View Bibliographic
Records in the Library Catalogue
Example 1: If the item is AVAILABLE, you can:
1. Click / view the “LOCATION” to see where the item is placed
2. Follow the “CALL NUMBER” to find the item from the bookshelf
1. Click the link to view the location map
2. Follow the call number to find the item on the bookshelf
It means the item is available for borrowing

View Bibliographic
Records in the Library Catalogue
Example 2: If an item is currently checked out (i.e. with a due date) or inhold, you can try alternatives:
1.
Click the relevant subject to find out related works
2.
Request/Hold the item and get notified when it is returned to the Library (for books only)
3.
Search for HKALL to see if other University Libraries have this item available (for books only)
2. Request to hold the item
3. Search
HKALL
1. Click on any subject and you can see related items in the
Library
It means the item is currently checked out

View Bibliographic
Records in the Library Catalogue
 For more details of the definitions of “LOCATION” and “STATUS” codes, please refer to : http://libguides.ln.edu.hk/catalogue_codes

Brief Introduction to Library of
Congress Classification Scheme http://libguides.ln.edu.hk/content.php?pid=338519
&sid=2768286
 Classification of major subjects in Lingnan
 Call number Locations in the Library
 Know about self order
 Online game: to arrange the books in the Library of
Congress Classification order: http://www.lcsc.edu/library/satchlcall/

Search for Information – 1-Search
• Allows searching across library catalogue records, major subscribed full-text databases, research in Digital Repository, citations from Web of Science at the same time with a simple search-box
• NOT a substitute for any individual database
• http://www.library.ln.edu.hk/find/1-search-searchbox
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Search for Information – 1-Search
• One single search box
• Many different types of contents
• Facet refine
• Welcome to try
• Report problems to us
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Search for Information – 1-Search
Question: I am looking for books and journal articles for my research project about education reform in Hong Kong.
Answer:
Conduct a key word search in 1-Search –
“education reform*” AND “hong kong”
 The Boolean Operators AND, OR and NOT must be written in ALL CAPS.
 Words in a specific order use " ". e.g. “education reform “
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View the Result List in 1-Search
Number of results produced
Title of the item
Publication information and with an abstract
Author s

View the Result List in 1-Search?
Sort the results by :
-relevance
-date
To limit your search (to have more precise results) by selecting these facets
Journal Article
Book item

How to View the Full-text in 1-Search?
Click “Full Text
Online” to see the online journal article, normally you will be linked to a “Check for
Full Text” page

How to View the Full-text in 1-Search?
 Here below are some examples of the “Check for Full Text”
Click “Article”, then a new webpage , containing links to view the article, will appear.
Click
“Journal” and access the journal article by year/volume/ page

Difference between 1-Search and
Library Catalogue
 The Library catalogue contains the records of books, e-books, e-journals and other resources located in the library.
 As 1-Search linked up with the whole Library collections (including databases subscribed by the
Library and the library catalogue), if you want to search for more comprehensive information, you can access 1-Search.

Guides @ LU
 A portal to databases, subject guides and various user guides on library services and facilities http://libguides.ln.edu.hk/
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3. Basics of Plagiarism & Citation
 What is Plagiarism?
 Plagiarism & Citation
 Importance of Citation
 Citation Styles

What is Plagiarism?
 According to Oxford English Dictionary
(2012), Plagiarism ( 學術剽竊 ) refers to:
- The action or practice of taking the work, idea, etc. of someone else, and passing it off as one's own; literary theft.
- A particular idea, piece of writing, design, etc., which has been plagiarized; an act or product of plagiary.
 To learn more about plagiarism : http://libguides.ln.edu.hk/cite_resources
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Plagiarism & Citation
 In order to avoid the trap of plagiarism, we need to properly provide citations to ALL the resources (E.g. books, journal articles, websites) that we made reference to in our research paper.
 Citations are the key information of each piece of resource. It often includes :
- Book chapter title / Journal article title / Webpage title
- Book title / Journal title
- Authors (and editors)
- Volume no. , issue no. & page no. of the journal article in the
Journal
- Publisher and publication place of the book
- Address of the webpage (if the article is retrieved online directly)

Importance of Citation
 It is a kind of “credits” to the authors of information that contribute to your research paper
 It can add the creditability (reliability) of your research paper
 Readers of your research paper can refer to the citation list and find out more sources related to your topic

Citation Styles
 To cite a reference, you should strictly follow certain standards/formats. Here are some common citation formats used in Lingnan:
- APA Style
- MLA Style
- Harvard Style
** There are also other citation styles. You should consult your lecturer about the appropriate citation style for your assignments **

Examples of Different Citation
Styles (the same book title)
Here below we will show an example of how different citation styles is presented for a same book
Book title: Sherlock Holmes : the complete stories
Author: Arthur Conan Doyle
Publisher: Wordsworth Editions Limited
City that the book was published: Hertfordshire
Publication Year: 2006

Examples of Different Citation
Styles(the same book title)
 MLA Style
Doyle, Arthur Conan. Sherlock Holmes : the complete stories.
Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions Limited, 2006.
 APA Style
Doyle, A. C. (2006). Sherlock Holmes : the complete stories.
Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions Limited.
 Harvard Style
Doyle, A. C., 2006, Sherlock Holmes : the complete stories,
Wordsworth Editions Limited, Hertfordshire.

Citation Tools
 RefWorks:
Access: http://proxy1.library.ln.edu.hk:2048/login?url=https://w ww.refworks.com/refworks2/?r=authentication::init&gro upcode=RWLingnanUL
User Guide: http://libguides.ln.edu.hk/refworks
 Citation Builder (from NCSU Libraries) http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/citationbuilder/

Need Help?
 General Enquiry: 2616-8586
 Ask a Librarian :
- Email: refstaff@ln.edu.hk
- Chat with a Librarian
- Reference Enquiry: 2616-8571

Q & A
Thank You!