Day 35 – Phrases
INSTRUCTOR: KYLE BRITT
AGENDA
Warm Up – Grammar
8 MIN
II. Individual Practice – Vocab
15 MIN
III.Guided Practice – Verbals
25 MIN
IV.Pair Practice – Verbals WS
20 MIN
V. Closure – Vocab and Grammar
8 MIN
I.
Objectives

Understand and Identify Participle and Gerund
phrases.

Homework: RP Rough Draft due Friday
Vocabulary exercises due tomorrow
Study, Vocab quiz Friday
Warm Up – 8 MIN
Identify the appositives/appositive phrases:
1.
Sally, a hairdresser from New York, gave me a new
look.
2.
Tom’s room, a hazardous waste dump, was not a
livable environment.
3.
I love driving my new car, a 2015 Dodge Charger.
Individual Practice – English I Vocab
15 min
 Complete
the section “Completing the
Sentence” for Unit 4 (pg. 57-58)
 Complete
 Once
Vocabulary in Context on page 59
finished, get with your partner and
study flash cards.
Individual Practice – Honors Vocab
15 min
 Complete
 Once
exercises A-C
finished, get with a partner and study
flash cards.
Guided Practice – Verbal Phrases
 Take
a verbal phrases note sheet.
 Keep this in your binders and refer to
it when studying.
Verbals and Verbal Phrases
A
VERBAL is a word that is formed from a
verb but is used as a noun, an adjective or
an adverb.
 There are 3 types of verbals
The participle
The gerund
The infinitive
I’m having an
identity crisis.
Verb
The Participle

A participle is a verb form that can be used as an
adjective.
 1. Present participles end in –ing
 Ex) The smiling child waved.
 Smiling, a form of the verb smile, modifies
the noun child.
 Ex) The horses trotting past were not frightened by
the crowd.
 Trotting, a form of the verb trot, modifies
the noun horses.
 2.
Most past participles end in –d or –ed. Some
past participles are irregularly formed.
Examples
 Ex.)
The police officers searched the abandoned
warehouse.
 Abandoned,
a form of the verb abandon,
modifies the noun, warehouse.
 Ex.)
This plate, bought at a flea market, is a
valuable antique.
 Ex.)
Chosen for her leadership abilities, Dawn was
an effective team captain.
*One last Tip:
 Do
not confuse a participle used as an
adjective with a participle used as part of a
verb phrase.
ADJECTIVE:
Planning their trip, the class
learned how to read a road map.
VERB
PHRASE: While they were
planning their trip, the class learned how
to read a road map.
The Participial Phrase
A
participle phrase consists of a
participle and any modifiers or
complements the participle has. The
entire phrase is used as an adjective.
*Remember, complements are IO, DO,
PA, or PN*
A
participle may be modified by an
adverb or an adverb phrase and may
also have a complement, usually a
direct object.
Examples

Seeing itself in the mirror, the duck seemed quite
amused.
The
participle phrase modifies the noun
duck. The pronoun itself is the direct object
of the present participle seeing. The adverb
phrase in the mirror modifies the present
participle seeing.
Examples
 After
a while , we heard the duck quacking
noisily at its own image.
The
participle phrase modifies the noun
duck. The adverb noisily and the
adverb phrase at its own image modify
the present participle quacking.
Examples:
 Then,
disgusted with the other duck, it
pecked the mirror.
The participle phrase modifies the
pronoun it. The adverb phrase with
the other duck modifies the past
participle disgusted.

A participial phrase should be placed as close as
possible to the word it modifies. Otherwise, the
phrase may appear to modify another word and
the sentence may not make sense.
 MISPLACED:
Slithering through the grass, I saw a
snake trimming the hedges this morning.
 CORRECTED: Trimming the hedges this morning, I
saw a snake slithering through the grass.
Gerunds
A gerund is a verb form used as a noun.
The gerund can be formed by adding –ing to the
present tense of the verb:
Jog
jogging
Jogging at night without reflective gear can be dangerous.
Gerunds
can be used as:
A subject:
Jogging is a popular form of exercise.
A direct object:
My sister enjoys jogging.
Enjoys what? jogging
An object of the preposition:
These shoes are made for jogging.
A Predicate Nominative
My favorite hobby is jogging.
Gerund Phrases
 Like
participles, gerunds can have a direct
object.
 To
find out whether or not the gerund has a
direct object, begin with the gerund and
ask the following question:
 Gerund
+ whom/what? = direct object
Gerund Phrases

Example:

Giving the money proved a mistake.

Giving + What? = money

Money is the direct object of the gerund.
Gerund Phrases
 Gerund
phrases can also have indirect
objects:
 To
find out whether or not the gerund
phrase has an indirect object, begin with
the gerund, locate the direct object, then
ask the question to/for whom/what?
Gerund Phrase
 Example:
 Giving
Jerry the money proved a
mistake.
 Giving + what = money (direct
object)
 Giving
money to/for whom? = Jerry
 Jerry is the indirect object of the
gerund phrase.
Gerund Phrases
 Gerund
phrases can also have
prepositional phrases in them:
 Giving
Jerry the money on Friday night
proved a major mistake.
 Since
on Friday night tells when? The
prepositional phrase functions as an
adverb. It completes the gerund phrase.
Summary of Noun Functions
 What?
+ main verb =
 Subject
+ verb + what =
subject
direct
object
 Subject
+ Linking verb + what = predicate
nominative
 Subject
+ verb + Direct Object + to/for
what? = indirect object
 Preposition
+ gerund phrase = object of
the preposition.
Pair Practice - Verbals
 Take
a Worksheet and get into your
pairs.
 Identify the gerund phrases and
participle phrases.
 Communicate with your partner.
Closure

Construct 3 sentences. Each sentence must
include:
1
Vocabulary word
1
example of a type of phrase we learned about
today.

Underline the phrase and label it.

Highlight the vocabulary word.