Green IT
Dan Feeherty
Jin-jia Hu
Emily McCarthy
Laura McGrath
Natalye Medina
What is Green IT?
“Using technology in an environmentally
responsible and eco-friendly way in order to
reduce the negative effects technology has on
the environment, but also to use technology to
solve environmental issues.”
•
[39]
Aka: Green Computing
Green Disposal
Green Use
Green IT
Practices
Green
Manufacturing
[2] & [27]
Green Design
Environmental Impact
● ICT fastest growing sector of energy use
● 2007 2-2.5% of global CO2 Emissions
○ comparable to that of airline industry
○ energy cost 10% of IT budget, according to
Gartner could rise to 50% in a few years
[55] & [62]
IT Energy Consumption
●
10% of global energy consumption
●
Every minute there are 2 million google searches, 48 hours of new
YouTube content, 700,000 Facebook content shares.
●
one google search is worth o.ooo3 kwh energy
●
equal to turning on a 60 kw light bulb for 17 seconds
●
a single search query may produce a few tenths to a few grams of
CO2 emissions
[49] & [28]
Forms of Green IT
1. Data center design
a.
electricity used in global data center in 2010 is between 1.1%~1.5% of total
electricity used.
2. Power management
a.
turn off during inactivity
b. reduce heat and electricity usage
3. Material recycling
a.
3Rs: Reuse, Refurbish, Recycle
b.
E-waste
4. Telecommuting
5. Cloud computing
[63] & [48]
Data Center
“Energy used by data centers on
average are only using 6%-12% of the
electricity powering their servers to
perform computations. The remaining
is used to keep the servers idling and
ready in case the case of a surge of
activity.”
[43]
Server Virtualization & Consolidation
Energy Star recommends Server virtualization as
a way to combine multiple servers on to one
physical host server.
[32]
Server Virtualization & Consolidation
Server consolidation takes
lightly used servers and
combines them to one server.
This can save a company $500
in energy, $500 in operating
system licenses, and $1,500 in
hardware maintenance costs.
[32]
Decommissioning of Unused Servers
Energy Star reports aged
servers are more likely to
be running but not in use,
these servers are referred
to as comatose and can
attribute to 8%-10% of data
center energy use.
[32]
Decommissioning of Unused Servers
In 2012 AOL decommissioned over
9,484 servers for a total savings
of around $5 million. The effort
included:
• shutting down or merging extraneous
applications
• increasing utilization in a
private cloud data
center
• eliminating inefficient or
abandoned servers
[32]
Benefits of Green IT
1. Reduce power consumption
2. Lower costs
3. Lower carbon emission and environment impact
4. Improved system performance and use
5. Space savings
[22] & [51]
Example
UMSL-Dave Maczynski, institutional support service
1. Paper cut policy
o
1000+500 pages quota
o
10,100,108 pages (2009)-->7,700,000 pages (2010)
2. Upgrade hardware
o
CRT-->LCD-->LED
3. Paper & toner recycle
4. BIOS control
o
schedule
o
labstats
5. E-waste disposal
o
[4]
Surplus sale - refurbished equipment
E-Waste
● Consumer and business
electronic or electric
equipment near the end of its
life.
● (EEE) electrical & electronic
equipment
● Definitions vary with
countries
● Contains hazardous materials
as well as precious materials
[60] & [61]
Global E-Waste Production 2012
●
World 53,896.409
●
USA 10.317
●
China 7.995
●
EU 10.933
[52] & [50]
Disposal Laws
●
Basel Convention
●
WEEE
○
Waste Electrical and Electronic
Equipment Directive
●
Disposal bans vs. recycling goals
●
EPA regulations
●
State Laws
[35] & [53]
E-waste Exports
●
●
●
●
●
Ghana, Nigeria, Pakistan, India, China
China largest e-waste dump site
Imported both illegally and legally from North America, Europe,
and other parts of Asia
○ illegal to import into china
not possible to inspect every container
○ mixed in other metals
Loopholes
○ through Vietnam or Hong Kong
○ non shredded
○ re-use
[59], [58] & [56]
Health Concerns From E-waste
●
●
●
Stems from inappropriate recycling practices
○
Incineration
○
Chemical baths
○
Leaching
Toxins
○
Flame retardants
○
Lead
○
Mercury
○
Cadmium
70% of toxins in landfills
comes from e-waste
[26] & [ 17]
E-cycling
Re-use

Reduce



80 to 85% of electronic products were dumped into landfills
or incinerated
Green Tech
Recycling allows for recovery of precious metals


60 million dollars of gold and silver are dumped away each
year in cell phones.
Where and how to recycle


Local and State programs

Manufacturer responsibility
[57], [36] & [31]
e-cycle Missouri
•
Tony Pierce Interview
o
•
•
e-cycle Missouri
Missouri Laws
o
producer responsibility law
o
Bill for landfill reform
Dave Beal
o
Epc

•
o
e-cycle involvement
Allison Carmen
o
[3], [5] & [1]
processing plant
MaterialMix
LEED
Leadership in
Energy and
Environmental
Design
[54]
LEED Standards
There are four levels
of certification
Certified
Silver
Gold
There are five rating
systems that address
multiple project types:
Building Design +
Construction
Interior Design +
Construction
Building Operations +
Maintenance
Neighborhood
Development
Platinum
Homes
[54]
Architects and LEED
All with in the USA
77 chapters
30,000 members
44,000 LEED projects
[54]
Technology and LEED
Technology
is pushing LEED
to a more user friendly,
everyman technology.
[2]
Top Companies
Strategies/Investments
 Accenture
 IBM
 SAP
 HP
 reducing
greenhouse emissions & energy efficiency
 by
“Leasing,” Reuse or sell refurbished products, & “Recycling”
programs.
 Dell- avoiding harmful substances and recycling
[14], [38] & [34]
Dell Initiatives

Recycling- 65.1 tons of electronic products were disposed

“Design for Environment”

“Reducing Our Impact”

[34]
“Green packaging and shipping”
Accenture

Reducing energy consumption and organizing green agenda

Focus on five areas
[44]
1.
“End user working practices”
2.
“Office environment and equipment”
3.
“Office infrastructure/data center
4.
“Procurement”
5.
“Corporate citizenship”
Accenture
 Green
Maturity Model (GMM)
 three
[44]
stages
1.
“initial assessment”
2.
“detailed assessment”
3.
“output”
IBM:

reducing and managing carbon footprints for a green supply chain

five tiers
1.
material suppliers
2.
component manufacturers
3.
assembly operations
4.
distribution companies
5.
retailers serving end customers
[33]
IBM:

[33]
Steps:
1.
Product is redesigned
2.
Manufacturing
3.
Green Suppliers
4.
Distance & Short Routes
5.
Service level agreements
alteration
IBM:

[33]
Steps
1.
Packaging and consolidating shipments
2.
Partner coordination
3.
Lifecycle
4.
Start
 Helping
reduce energy
 Setting
baseline and managing indicators

“Decommission legacy systems”
 “Archive
documents and unused data”
“
Consolidate your system landscape”
“
Virtualize your SAP software systems”
“
Run paperless processes”
[25]
Why do companies go green?
 Profitability

share price
 return
on investments
 distinction
[12], [7] & [18]
from other companies
Set Backs Cost of implementation/conversion
Ease of use
Technical issues
Adaptation to change / lack of support
Going paperless
Customer backlash
[47]
Green IT of the Future
Motorola Project Ara: ECO-MOBIUS
[42]
SOL
•
•
[41]
WeWi Telecommunications has
annonced a laptop that it is
equipped with folding solar
panels that can charge for two
hours, while the sun shines
When fully charged, SOL is able
to work 8-10 hours
EcoCharge
A portable and environmentally friendly charger which converts thermal
energy (from heaters, etc.) into electricity. EcoCharge will work with
any surface that can produce heat. It will also comes with an OLED
display that let users know how efficiently their devices are being
used.
[40]
Easy Ways to be Green in IT:
References – Primary Sources
1.
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recycling.
2.
Bundren, T. (2014, March 21) Director of Sustainability, Lawrence Group.
Interviewed by E McCarthy and L McGrath [Personal Interview].
3.
Carmen, A. (2014, March 20 ). Founder and CEO, Material Mix. Interview by
Emily McCarthy [Personal Interview].
4.
Maczynski, D. (2014, March 31). UM-St Louis: Green IT. Interviewed by J.
Hu, Interviewer [Personal Interview].
5.
Pierce, A. (2014, March 11). Interview by D Feeherty [Personal Interview]. ecycle missouri.
References – Peer Reviewed
6.
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26.
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30.
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31.
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32.
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33.
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34.
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35.
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36.
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37.
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44.
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53.
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