What are atoms?
0 Atoms are the building blocks of matter, all matter is
made up of atoms
How big is an atom?
0 Activity! Bringing things down to size.
0 Take one sheet of paper 8 ½ by 11.
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Murphy Copyright 2010
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Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
0 Activity! Bringing things down to size.
0 Take one sheet of paper 8 ½ by 11.
This is the product of Ryan
Murphy Copyright 2010
www.sciencepowerpoint.com
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
0 Activity! Bringing things down to size.
0 Take one sheet of paper 8 ½ by 11.
0 Cut it in half as precisely as possible.
This is the product of Ryan
Murphy Copyright 2010
www.sciencepowerpoint.com
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
0 Activity! Bringing things down to size.
0 Take one sheet of paper 8 ½ by 11.
0 Cut it in half as precisely as possible.
This is the product of Ryan
Murphy Copyright 2010
www.sciencepowerpoint.com
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
0 Activity! Bringing things down to size.
0 Take one sheet of paper 8 ½ by 11.
0 Cut it in half as precisely as possible.
0 Cut in half again and again. Keep track.
1
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Murphy Copyright 2010
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Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
2
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Murphy Copyright 2010
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Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
2
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Murphy Copyright 2010
Line up
scraps from large to small.
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3
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Murphy Copyright 2010
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4
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Murphy Copyright 2010
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Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
5
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Murphy Copyright 2010
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Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
6
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Murphy Copyright 2010
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Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
7
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Murphy Copyright 2010
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Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
8
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Murphy Copyright 2010
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Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
9
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Murphy Copyright 2010
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10
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Murphy Copyright 2010
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0 Answer: If you were to cut the paper in half about 90
times, you would be around the size of the atom.
90
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0 Video Link! The size of atoms
0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yQP4UJhNn0I
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
0 We can’t see individual atoms.
0 We can see billions and billions of them bonded together.
0 We can’t see individual atoms.
0 We can see billions and billions of them bonded together.
An atom is made of 3 parts:
0 Protons
0 Neutrons
0 Electrons
Protons
0 Protons have a positive (+) charge
0 Found in the nucleus (center) of the atom
Neutrons
0 Neutrons have a neutral (0) charge
0 Neutrons are found in the nucleus of the atom
Electrons
0 Electrons are the smallest of the subatomic particles
0 Electrons have a negative (-) charge
0 Electrons are found in shells or orbitals that surround
the nucleus
Atoms form Elements
0 Different atoms have different numbers of protons,
neutrons, and electrons
0 Each of the different elements from the Periodic Table
of Elements has a specific amount of protons,
neutrons, and electrons in it’s atoms (see periodic
table)
0 An atom that has 1 proton, 1 electron, and 0 neutrons
is the element Hydrogen, whereas an atom that has 2
protons, 2 electrons, and 2 neutrons is the element
Helium
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
He
2
4
Atomic number
the number of protons in an atom
Atomic weight/mass
the number of protons and
neutrons in an atom
Number of electrons = number of protons
Number of neutrons = atomic weight-atomic number
The Atoms FamilyAtomic Math
Challenge Wksht
.
Early Atomic Theory –
Contributing Scientists!
0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IO9WS_HNmyg
Niels Bohr
0 Came up with a “picture” of the structure of an
atom , won Nobel prize in 1922
Bohr Model
0 Bohr discovered that electrons move in orbitals
around the nucleus of an atom
0 Although, we don’t know exactly where electrons are
at any given time, we now have a model that helps
scientists estimate where electrons are likely to be
located at any given time
0 To draw a Bohr model we need to know how many
protons, neutrons, and electrons are in the atom
Bohr’s Atom
electrons in orbits
nucleus
HELIUM ATOM: (Draw and label it in
notes)
Shell
proton
N
Eelectron
P+
P+
N
E-
neutron
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Electrons are arranged in Energy Levels or
Shells around the nucleus of an atom.
•
first shell
a maximum of 2 electrons
•
second shell
a maximum of 8 electrons
•
third shell
a maximum of 8 electrons
•This structure only holds true for the 1st 20
Bohr Model of Carbon
0 How many protons?
6
0 How many electrons?
6
0 How many neutrons?
6
0 How many electrons can go in the first shell?
0 How many electrons do we have left? 4
0 These will go into the second shell
0 Only 2 electrons shells needed for Carbon
2
Carbon
Let’s Practice Making Bohr
Models!
What are Molecules?
0 Two or more atoms of the same or different elements
that bond together
What is a Compound?
is a pure chemical substance consisting of two or more
different chemical elements that can be separated into
simpler substances by chemical reactions.
0 In English, we only have twenty-six letters, but we can
make thousands of words. In chemistry, you are
working with almost 120 elements. When you
combine them, you can make millions of different
compounds!