IEEE 802.11 Technologies
Amer Hassan, Architect
amerh@microsoft.com
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005
2
The Vision – Dream Network
“Pervasive Collaborative Computing”
Faster and
More
Pervasive
More
Secure
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
More
Deployable
and
Manageable
Ease
At Home
January 27, 2005
3
Video
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005
IEEE 802.21, IEEE 802.18 802.19
Wireless Standards
IEEE 802.15.4
(Zigbee Alliance)
Sensors
RFID
(AutoID Center)
RAN
IEEE 802.22
WAN
3GPP (GPRS/UMTS)
3GPP2 (1X--/CDMA2000)
GSMA, OMA
IEEE 802.20
IEEE 802.16e
IEEE 802.16d
WiMAX
IEEE 802.11
Wi-Fi Alliance
IEEE 802.15.3
UWB, Bluetooth
Wi-Media,
BTSIG, MBOA
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
MAN
LAN
PAN
ETSI HiperMAN &
HIPERACCESS
ETSI-BRAN
HiperLAN2
ETSI
HiperPAN
January 27, 2005
5
Growing 802.11 Standards
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
11u
11ma
.11s, .11v, .11T,.11 r, .11p
11n
11k
11j
11i
11h
11g
11f
11e
11d
11c
11b
11a
802.11
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005
6
Wi-Fi Industry Status
• Increased interest in cellular/Wi-Fi handsets.
Choice split between .11a or .11g
• Price gap for .11g and .11a/g is decreasing rapidly;
.11b only devices on steep decline
• Voice over Wi-Fi becoming reality with technical
enhancements - WMM, .11i, .11k, .11r
• Security solutions acceptable (WPA2, PEAPv2);
security deployment issues being addressed
• Hotspot roaming agreements identified as critical
to carriers & ISPs
• Standardization started for 802.11n with 2 strong
proposals
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005
7
What is the situation?
Have not Deployed Wi-Fi
Have Deployed Wi-Fi
Unable to justify ROI of a new
infrastructure
Justified ROI
• Saves on infrastructure & real estate
• Improves productivity in manufacture plants
• Allows flexible employee work practices
Concerned 802.11 security is not
adequate
Compensates for limits of current technology
• Regulates access via VPN, looking for WPA2
• Deployed secure technology EAP-TLS, .1X
Concerned 802.11 standards
unstable (11a, 11b, 11g…)
Deployed what meets current needs
• Planning to upgrade to .11a then .11 n
Concerned about managing another
network & provisioning users
Agrees management & diagnostic tools lacking
• Deployments are tightly controlled
• Not a show stopper compared to ROI
Waiting for the benefits to outweigh
the risks
Looking forward to making strategic investments
• VoIP & video streaming
• New customer services & products
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005
8
Potential Wi-Fi Scenarios
Technology
WiMAX
UWB
Bluetooth
3GPP/2
RFID
Zigbee
LAN for
Enterprise
-
-
-
-
-
-
LAN for
Home
-
-
-
-
-
-
Home
multiple A/V
distribution
-
(audio
streaming)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Backhauling
and last mile
Wide Area
Mobility
Wi-Fi
Propriet
ary sol’n
-
-
-
-
-
Cable/device
Replacement
-
Mesh
Networking
Enterp/
Home/N
Neighborhood Mesh
Home
Mesh
-
-
-
Sensor
Networking
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Inventory
Control
Auto PC
-
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005
9
802.11 n and all that jazz…
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005
What do Home users want?
• Range: reliable wireless networking throughout
the home
• High fidelity A/V: good Quality of Service for
high quality audio and video
• Throughput!
• HDTV-720 in the US @ 16 Mbps (MPEG2)
• HDTV-1080 in Japan @ 20 Mbps (MPEG2)
• Next generation Media Center will support 2
concurrent video streaming, and by .11n ratification 4
concurrent streaming
• For 3 streams in the home, with picture-in-picture,
and Internet access, 100Mbps UDP level throughput is
easily consumed
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005
11
Wireless outsold wired home networking gear for
the first time in 2004
US Home Networking Purchases
(in millions)
16
14.3
13.2
14
12.5
12
10.7
9.3
10
7.3
8
6
4
2
5.4
2.6
2.8
12.3
13.6
6.9
9
2.5
1.7
1.2
0.9
0.7
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
4.6
2.7
0
2003
11.3
2004
Wired Only
Wireless
Windows Networking
and Device Technologies
Source: JupiterResearch
Home Networking Model, 8/04 (US Only)
Total Purchase
January 27, 2005
12
What do service providers need?
• Highest possible consumer satisfaction…
consumers will blame the Service Provider
• QoS is primary requirement – video and high
throughput (mobile) data sessions
• Management capability to the devices
• Secure mobility support: Handoff & Mesh
• High rate for outdoor to indoor 150m operation
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005
13
What would make IT Pro excited?
•
•
•
•
•
•
High return on investment
High level of security
Ease of deployment
Manageability of clients and APs
Diagnosis
Highly available networking
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005
14
General applications set forth by the Wi-Fi Alliance
Applications and target markets
Transmission characteristics
Application
Examples
Type
Rate
Duration/
volume
Audio/Video 1
HDTV and DV viewing for
commercial & domestics use
Constant
(low jitter)
27 Mbps
Hours
Audio/Video 2
SDTV viewing for commercial and
domestic use
Constant
(low jitter)
6 Mbps
Hours
Audio/Video 3
Video conferencing with VoIP
Constant
(low jitter)
2 Mbos
< 1 hr
Interactive 1
Interactive gaming, Internet
Browsing, Email
Variable
2 Mbps
1 hr
Interactive 2
VoIP, Internet gaming
Constant
with
intervals
.2 MB/s
1 min – 1
hr
Bulk transfer
Flash downloads file transfer,
media transfer
Variable
30 Mbps
10 MB – 10
GB
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005
15
IEEE 802.11 Initiative: start of .11n
• Develop next generation Wi-Fi capable of much higher
throughputs, with a maximum throughput of at least
100Mbps, as measured at the MAC data service access
point (SAP)
• Modifications to both the 802.11 physical layers (PHY)
and the 802.11 Medium Access Control Layer (MAC) are
allowed with baseline 802.11 & its amendments to
support high throughput
• Evaluation metrics: throughput, range, network
capacity, (peak and average power consumption),
spectral flexibility, backward compatibility, and
coexistence (3 channel models)
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005
16
Channel models
Environment
Setting
Residential
Intra-room, Room to room,
Indoor to outdoor, Large multifamily dwelling
Small/medium office
Enclosed office, meeting room,
classroom, bus, train
Large office
Cubes, offices, multistory office
space
Large space: indoor/outdoor
Hotspots: airport, library,
Convention Center, factory,
hospital
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005
17
Functional requirements of .11n
Requirement
Description
HT rate supported in 20MHz
channel
at least one mode of operation
supports 100Mbps throughput at
the top of the MAC SAP in a 20
MHz channel
Works in the 5 GHz bands
Protocol supports 5GHz bands
(including those supported by
.11a)
.11a backwards compatibility
Some of the modes of operation
defined in the proposal should be
backwards compatible with .11a
.11g backwards compatibility
in 2.4 GHz, some of the modes of
operation defined in the proposal
should be backwards compatible
with .11g
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005
18
Functional requirements of .11n (cont)
Requirement
Description
.11e QoS support
The proposal must permit
implementation of the 802.11e
options within a .11n STA
Spectral Efficiency
The highest throughput mode of
the proposal should achieve a
spectral efficiency of at least 3
bps/Hz for the PSDU
Control of support for legacy STA A .11n AP can be configured to
from .11n AP
reject or accept associations
from legacy STA because they
are legacy STA
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005
19
Link Level Throughput & Range
Infotainment
Throughput
Business
80
Services
25
150
20
Range
throughput required in typical hotspot settings
Windows Networking and Device Technologies – Microsoft Confidential
20
AmerH January 20, 2005
.11 n proposals
• 32 proposals, 4 complete (Sept 04, Nov 04)
•
•
•
•
TGn Sync
WWISE
Motorola/Mitsubishi
Qualcom
• Down select and merger (Jan 05)
• TGn Sync
• WWISE
• Further down select (March 05)
Qualcom and Mitsubishi merged with TGn Sync
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005
21
Roadmap
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Activity started in Q4 ‘02
Par/5 Criteria: March ’03
Functional Requirements: Nov ‘03
Usage Models: May ’04
Comparison Criteria: May ‘04
Proposals: Sept ’04
… convergence, plug fests, beta, …
Ratification: Sept ’06
Wi-Fi Certification: Sept ‘06
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005
22
IEEE 802.11n basics: 2 main proposals (TGn SYNC & WWISE)
Key Points
TGn SYNC
WWISE
Members
Agere, Atheros
Cisco, Intel, Mitsubishi
Philips, Sony
Toshiba, Qualcom,
Nortel, Samsung,
Marvel, Panasonic,
Tohoku Univ, Nokia,
Infocom Research,
Sanyo
Broadcom, TI,
Airgo Networks,
Conexant, Buffalo,
Ralink, ETRI, HNS,
Realtek, STM,
TrellisWare, Winbond
Electronics
UDP data rate
200+ Mbps/40 MHz
100+ Mbps/20 MHz
MAC basic technology
accommodate both
EDCA and HCCA
accommodate both
EDCA and HCCA
Packet sizes
0 to 64KB PSDUs
0 to 64KB PSDUs
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005
23
Throughput enhancement
Features
TGn Sync
WWISE
Bandwidth
(M) 20MHz mode
(M) 40MHz, whenever
regulatory domain permits this
extension
(M) 20 MHz mode
(O) 40 MHz mode
MIMO-OFDM-SDM
(M) 2 spatial streams
@ 20MHz mode
(M) 2 spatial streams
@ 20MHz mode
Higher code rate (R)
(M) R= ½, 2/3, ¾, 7/8
(M) R= ½, 2/3, ¾, 5/6
Regular coding scheme
(M) Convolutional code
(M) Convolutional code
Advanced Coding
scheme
(O)
(O) LDPC
Space Time Block Code
(N)
(M) Mandatory
(O) Optional
LDPC
(O)
(N) Not available
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005
24
Both proposals do some form of aggregation
Legacy Burst
Preamble
+ PLCP
Header
FCS
MPDU
Payload
MPDU
Header
Preamble
PLCP
header
PSDU3
FCS
MPDU
Payload
Preamble
PLCP
header
FCS
MPDU
Payload
MPDU
Header
Preamble
PLCP
header
Perform
aggregation
MPDU
Header
PSDU2
PSDU1
SIFS
SIFS
A-PSDU
Preamble + PLCP headers + SIFS will be saved
Some overhead will be induced to identify each MPDU
Windows Networking and Device Technologies – Microsoft Confidential
25
AmerH January 20, 2005
Aggregation
TGn Sync
WWiSE
New control frames
Y
N
New data frame
Y
N
New mgt frame
Y
Y
M(P)SDU
Aggregation
Y
Y
A-MSDU aggregation
N
Y
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005
26
Wish list!
• Coexistence through Spectrum sharing
• Use of DFS, TPC, LBT, …
• Turbo coding
• Low gate count (200K), but IPR
• High gate count (800K), but no IPR
• Space-time block coding (Alamouti)
• Provides great performance
• Flexible architecture for closed loop
• Keep it simple!
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005
27
Windows Wireless Strategy: Summary
Technology
WPAN:
802.15 (UWB),
Bluetooth
CY04-CY06
Investments
•BT PAN module
•UWB Strategic exploration
Challenges
•Few BT PAN products
•No IP over UWB spec
•WW regulations for UWB
WLAN:
802.11
•Security
•WPS
•Extensibility
•Diagnostics
•Group Policy
•Fragmented user
experience
•Poor penetration in
enterprise
•Multiple auth protocols
•Several .11n proposals
WiMAX:
•Strategic exploration
•Extensibility
•802.16e roadmap
802.16
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005
28
Call to action – drive best user experience!
•
Usability: demand interoperability, and
improved UIs for wireless technologies
•
Security: demand Standards based security
with 802.1X, PEAP & PEAP-SIM, and WPA1&2
•
Availability & coexistence: share spectrum with
minimum interference
amerh@microsoft.com
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005
29
Backup slides:
Wi-Fi Alliance and Certification
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005
Wi-Fi Alliance Mission Statement
• Certify the interoperability of products
and services based on IEEE 802.11
technology
• Grow the global market for Wi-Fi®
CERTIFIED products and services across
all market segments, platforms, and
applications
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005
31
New Certificate & Logo
Certificate inside packaging (optional)
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
• Logo on product
packaging (mandatory)
• Helps retailers and
consumers January 27, 2005
32
Wi-Fi Alliance Roadmap
IEEE Standard Releases
802.11j
802.11k
802.11e
2004
2005 Q1
Baseline
802.11h+d
Q2
Q3
Q4
Extended EAP
Security
Simple Config
WMM
Scheduled Access
QoS
Applications
2006
CE Public Access WCC CE
Phase1
Phase2
WMM Power Save
Voice/Wi-Fi
Certification Program Releases
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005
33
Worldwide Wi-Fi Semiconductor Revenues by
Application, 2003 - 2008 ($M)
3500
Chip Inventory
3000
Access
Points/Gateways/Bridges
Mobile PC
2500
Desktop PC
2000
Consumer Devices
Mobile Devices
1500
Printers/MFPs
1000
Aftermarket USB
500
Aftermarket PCI
Aftermarket NIC
0
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Source: IDC brief: Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
Forecast and Analysis, 2004 – 2008.
January 27, 2005
34
Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor Revenues by
Standard, 2003 - 2008 ($M)
3500
3000
2500
Dual Band (802.11a+b+g)
2000
802.11a
802.11g
1500
802.11b
1000
500
0
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Source: IDC brief: Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor
Forecast and Analysis, 2004 – 2008.
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005
35
WLAN Chipset Pricing by Standard*
WLAN Chipset Pricing by Standard
30
25
802.11b
20
802.11g
15
802.11a
10
Dual Band
(802.11a+b+g)
5
0
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Source: IDC brief: Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor
Forecast and Analysis, 2004 – 2008.
*Chart is estimate based on data in IDC Brief
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005
36
2008 WLAN Semiconductor Revenues in Consumer
Devices by Application (n = $611 M)
10.0%
Gaming
Consoles/Handhelds
1.3%
Digital TV
11.5%
DVD Players
12.1%
65.1%
Digital
Cameras/Camcorders
Compressed Audio Players
Source: IDC brief: Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor
Forecast and Analysis, 2004 – 2008.
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005
37