Internet Futures: Evolution, Revolution or Extinction?

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Transforming the Internet: from IPv4 to IPv6

HK IPv6 Conference

Hong Kong

23 November 2009

By Miwa Fujii

IPv6 Program Manager, APNIC

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Overview

• Recap: IP addresses management

• What is currently happening with the Internet?

– IPv4 address free pool exhaustion

– IPv6 deployment status

– Readiness of resource management policies

• How is the APNIC community responding?

– IPv6 readiness survey

• How is the technical community responding?

• Are you ready for these changes?

– What do you need to do?

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How are IP Addresses Managed?

• Regional Internet address Registries

– Open membership-based industry bodies

– Non-profit, neutral, and independent

– Allocation, registration and other services

– APNIC: training, infrastructure, cooperation

• First established in early 1990s

– Voluntarily by consensus of community

– To ensure responsible address management, according to technical and administrative needs

– To support Internet development

• In the “Internet tradition”

– Consensus-based, open, and transparent

Where do IP addresses come from?

Standards

Allocation

*

Regional Internet Registries (RIR) distribute IPv4, IPv6, and AS numbers to

Allocation the Internet community

RIRs maintain accurate registration of

Internet resource usage for the community

Assignment

End user

* In some cases via an NIR, such as CNNIC, JPNIC etc.

Regional Internet Registries

The Internet community established the RIRs to provide fair and consistent resource distribution and accurate resource registration throughout the world.

The policy development process

Need

Anyone can participate

OPEN

Evaluate Discuss

‘BOTTOM UP’

Implement

Internet community proposes and approves policy

TRANSPARENT

Consensus

All decisions & policies are documented

& available

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Current policy discussions

• We are experiencing an important turning point in the history of the Internet

• IPv4 allocation policies are changing

– Prop-50 IPv4 address transfers

• Deregulated transfers of IPv4 blocks

• Allow address transfer between APNIC account holders

• The minimum transfer size: /24

• APNIC to maintain a public log of all transfers

• APNIC to maintain accurate registrations

– It has been under discussion since Sept 2007

– Reached consensus at APNIC28

• Endorsed by EC in Nov 2009

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Current policy discussions

• Prop-073: Simplifying allocation/assignment of IPv6 to APNIC members with existing IPv4 addresses

– This proposal directs the APNIC Secretariat to automatically assess and provide IPv6 resources to APNIC members that currently hold IPv4 resources but who do not hold IPv6 resources in the APNIC registry

– Reached consensus at APNIC28

– Endorsed by the APNIC EC in November 2009

• Participate policy discussion!

– http://www.apnic.net/community/participate/join-discussions

• Learn about other recent policy changes

– http://www.apnic.net/community/policy/proposals

• Join discussions

– http://www.apnic.net/community/participate/join-discussions

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IPv4 address global distribution

256 x 10% = 25.6

Remaining at IANA 26 x /8

Unallocated,

26

Multicast; 16

Private Use; 1

Loopback; 1

AfriNIC; 2

APNIC; 34

RIR

Allocations

Local ID, 1

Future Use; 16

ARIN; 31

Total: 256 x /8

LACNIC; 6

Legacy; 92

RIPE; 30

Pre-RIR

Allocations http://www.iana.org/assignments/ipv4-address-space/ as of November 2009

IPv4 consumption – Projection

Projected IANA Unallocated Address Pool Exhaustion: 09/09/2011

Projected RIR Unallocated Address Pool Exhaustion: 03/09/2012

10 http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4/index.html

as of 09/11/2009

APNIC IPv4 allocations by economy

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14,00

12,00

10,00

Unit: /8

8,00

6,00

4,00

2,00

0,00

CN JP KR AU TW IN ID HK VN NZ TH SG PH MY PK http://www.apnic.net/stats/o3/ as of 07/11/2009

APNIC IPv6 delegation by economy

12

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Unit: individual delegation

JP AU KR CN NZ TW SG ID MY HK VN IN TH PH PK BD FJ LK PG BN MO NP WS VU PW NC BT FM CK SB TO http://www.apnic.net/stats/o3/ as of 07/11/2009

Number of IPv6 routes and origin Autonomous Systems

IPv6 routes 2350 IPv4 routes 320000

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IPv6 ASN 1750

IPv4 ASN 32500 http://bgp.potaroo.net

as of 06/11/2009

IPv6 BGP announcements - Global

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The number of unique prefixes found in the routing table

(BGPmon) http://bgpmon.net/weathermap.php?inet=6 as of 07/11/2009

IPv6 BGP announcements –

Asia Pacific

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The number of unique prefixes found in the routing table

(BGPmon) http://bgpmon.net/weathermap.php?inet=6&focus=asia as of 07/11/2009

Web access by access type

16 APNIC R&D data as of 15/09/2009

IPv6 / IPv4 web access daily ratio

APNIC +

RIPE x

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APNIC R&D data as of 15/09/2009

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IPv6 ready products by economy http://v6metric.jp/html/st06/08.html

as of 04/09/2009

IPv6 Routing Table

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Slide courtesy of Gert Doering and ARIN

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IPv6 readiness status http://www.mrp.net/IPv6_Survey.html

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APNIC IPv6 Readiness Survey 2009

• Deployed or ready for immediate deployment?

• Formal plan for future deployment?

• Budgeted for future deployment?

22 and more devices need to connect too!

Billions of them

Strategies available for ISPs

• Do nothing

– Wait and see what competitors do

– Business not growing, so don’t care

• Extend life of IPv4

– Push customers to NAT

– Buy IPv4 address space on the marketplace

• Deploy IPv6

– Dual stack infrastructure

– IPv6 and NATed IPv4 for customers

– Or various other combinations of IPv6, IPv4 and

NAT

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Slide#22, “The Next Three Years (IPv4 rouout and the motivation for IPv6, presented by Philip Smith, Cisco at MENOG5, Beirut, Oct 2009

Available options for ISPs

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Obtain additional

IPv4 addresses

Squeese out

IPv4 addresses from your networks

Renumbering from own networks which does not require global IP

Short term

Solution:

Limited effect

Externally obtain IPv4 addresses

IP address transfer

IPv4 address exhaustion

Providing IPv4 connectivity services

Sharing IPv4 address among customers

Run your business with

IPv6 only

Mid term

Solution:

IETF discussion

Not to obtain additional IPv4 addresses

Providing no

IPv4 connectivity services

Long term

Solution:

IPv4 compatibility issue

Slide#7, “Consideration on network models during the period of IPv4 address exhaustion, by Akira Nakagawa, KDDI, Nov 2009

Technical community’s responses

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• Prolonging IPv4 to help with IPv6

– Large variety of proposals to “make IPv4 last longer” to help with IPv6 deployment

– All involve Large Scale NAT (LSN)

• NAT444/SP NAT

– NAT to customer, NATed core

• Dual Stack Lite

– Private IPv4 to IPv6 to Public IPv4

– Activity of IETF Softwire Working Group

• NAT64 &IVI

– Translation between IPv6 and IPv4

– Activity of IETF Behave Working Group

Slide#23, “The Next Three Years (IPv4 rouout and the motivation for IPv6, presented by Philip Smith at MENOG5, Beirut, Oct 2009

Dual Stack Network

• The original transition scenario, but dependent on:

– IPv6 being available all the way to the customer

– Sufficient IPv4 address space for the customer

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Slide#24, “The Next Three Years (IPv4 rouout and the motivation for IPv6, presented by Philip Smith, Cisco at MENOG5, Beirut, Oct 2009

NAT444/SP NAT

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• Consumer uses private IPv4 and native IPv6

• SP uses private IPv4 and native IPv6 for backbone

Slide#25, “The Next Three Years (IPv4 rouout and the motivation for IPv6, presented by Philip Smith, Cisco at MENOG5, Beirut, Oct 2009

Dual Stack Lite

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• SP has IPv6 only infrastructure

• For consumer, IPv4 tunnel to SP NAT, IPv6 native

Slide#26, “The Next Three Years (IPv4 rouout and the motivation for IPv6, presented by Philip Smith, Cisco at MENOG5, Beirut, Oct 2009

NAT64

• Consumer uses only IPv6 plus Protocol Translation to reach IPv4

• Service Provider uses only IPv6

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Slide#27, “The Next Three Years (IPv4 rouout and the motivation for IPv6, presented by Philip Smith, Cisco at MENOG5, Beirut, Oct 2009

The future…

• The Internet has already shown its ability to evolve

– Those who are building the Internet need to be aware of IPv4 consumption and IPv6 transition

• ISPs, content providers, vendors, applications

– Planning should start now, in detail, for the day when there is not enough IPv4 address space

• Implementation plan, budget, and allocation of resources

– A smooth transition is still possible

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Transition planning for content providers: Multihoming via IPv6

• Obtain IPv6 address assignment

• Find an ISP that can provide you IPv6 connectivity

– Contract to secure IPv6 connectivity

– Use tunnels if necessary

• Find Internet exchange points that support

IPv6

• Peer with other IPv6 networks as much as you can

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Transition planning for network operators: Deploy IPv6 by 2010

• Your customers - for example, content providers, enterprises etc - will eventually demand IPv6 connectivity

– Be ready for them!

• Plan for deployment

– APNIC suggests that network operators and service providers be prepared to support customers and services using IPv6 by 2010

– Build IPv6 into regular product upgrade cycles

– Contact your vendors now!

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Transition planning governments:

Support the industry

• Industry, regulators, and public policy makers

– Develop a coherent strategy to sustain the transitional framework between IPv4 and IPv6

– Deploy IPv6 in government infrastructures, and require it of your suppliers

– Encourage the continuing contribution of various stakeholders in mutually supportive roles

• Keep up-to-date with topics of IPv4 address exhaustion and IPv6 transition

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IPv6 deployment opportunities

• What benefits can you create by deploying IPv6 in your region?

• A new industry without much legacy

– Effective use of the Internet for socio-economic development?

• Point-to-point connectivity in remote learning environments?

• Effective use of multicasting to conserve bandwidth?

– Stable, continuous Internet for:

• Disaster risk management and risk reduction?

• Early warning and response to disaster risks?

– Effective use of IPv6’s new features?

• Transportable communication system for effective disaster and emergency management?

– Energy efficient networks?

• Deploy new technologies with less power consumption?

• Positive impact to the environment?

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Recent IPv6 implementation case

Q2, 2009

• Sify.com India enabled their services with IPv6

– Internet access to enterprise customers

– MPLS-based IP-VPN services

• Orange Business Services deployed IPv6 in its

MPLS IP VPN backbone

– Available in 35 countries in Q2 2009

– Gradually extended to more than 100

• FX Networks in NZ

– High performance national Internet backbone is natively running IPv6 in parallel with IPv4 and is available for customers to use

– To sustain their business with Asian business partners http://sev.prnewswire.com/computer-networks/20090528/3907349en_iCrossing28052009-1.html

http://www.orange.com/en_EN/press/press_releases/att00012170/print.jsp

http://www.geekzone.co.nz/content.asp?contentid=8251

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IPv6 services deployment plan

• Internode

– IPv6 Broadband Trial Services

• http://ipv6.internode.on.net/access/adsl/

• Providing a testing environment for existing ADSL users

• Capacity building exercise for Internode engineers

• Comcast

– Making IPv6 transit services available to its wholesale customers

– Then making IPv6 available to Comcast's business and residential broadband customers

• Broadband IPv6 technical trials later this year and into 2010

• AT&T

– Plans to launch commercial IPv6-based service offerings in 2009

– The rationale and strategies for AT&T and enterprise customers to plan for and initiate transition towards IPv6 deployments

• http://www.business.att.com/content/whitepaper/WP-IPv6_18359_v1_5-11-

09.pdf

http://www.internetnews.com/infra/article.phpr/3825696/Comcast+Embraces+IPv6.htm

June 2009 http://www.business.att.com/content/whitepaper/WP-IPv6_18359_v1_5-11-09.pdf

Nov 2009

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Need IPv6 addresses?

http://www.apnic.net/services/apply-for-resources

Contact the APNIC Helpdesk helpdesk@apnic.net

IPv6 is easy to obtain !

Contact APNIC Helpdesk helpdesk@apnic.net

Helpdesk chat

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APNIC supports IPv6 deployment

• APNIC IPv6 Program

– Rolling out various IPv6-related activities

– ICONS IPv6 Wiki and IPv6 ICONS Forum

• http://icons.apnic.net/display/icons/Home

• Your participation will help the Internet community

• APNIC meetings are open to everyone!

– Next meeting is in Kuala Lumpur

– http://meetings.apnic.net/29

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ICONS IPv6 Wiki http://icons.apnic.net/IPv6

Use RSS to stay updated!

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Suggestions to the HK community

(my 2 cents…)

• Capacity building before IPv4 address exhausts

– Learn from other network operators groups

• “Broadband (cable/DSL) and wireless (GSM/3G) providers will not have enough IPv4 space to give a unique IPv4 address to each CPE”

• How do we cope with the situation?

• Transition techniques to be learnt

• http://www.attn.jp/maz/p/c/ipv4sharing2009/

– Mark Townsley (6rd), Alain Durand (DS Lite) etc.

– Bring IETF conference to your community

• meeting-planning@ietf.org

– Participate APRICOT 2010 and APNIC 29 in Kuala

Lumpur

• 23 Feb 2010 – 5 March 2010

• http://www.apricot2010.net/

Transforming the Internet

IPv4 to IPv6

Your choice and your action!

Thank You!

miwa@apnic.net

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