1
Transforming the Internet: from IPv4 to IPv6
HK IPv6 Conference
Hong Kong
23 November 2009
By Miwa Fujii
IPv6 Program Manager, APNIC

2
Overview
• Recap: IP addresses management
• What is currently happening with the Internet?
– IPv4 address free pool exhaustion
– IPv6 deployment status
– Readiness of resource management policies
• How is the APNIC community responding?
– IPv6 readiness survey
• How is the technical community responding?
• Are you ready for these changes?
– What do you need to do?

3
How are IP Addresses Managed?
• Regional Internet address Registries
– Open membership-based industry bodies
– Non-profit, neutral, and independent
– Allocation, registration and other services
– APNIC: training, infrastructure, cooperation
• First established in early 1990s
– Voluntarily by consensus of community
– To ensure responsible address management, according to technical and administrative needs
– To support Internet development
• In the “Internet tradition”
– Consensus-based, open, and transparent

Where do IP addresses come from?
Standards
Allocation
*
Regional Internet Registries (RIR) distribute IPv4, IPv6, and AS numbers to
Allocation the Internet community
RIRs maintain accurate registration of
Internet resource usage for the community
Assignment
End user
* In some cases via an NIR, such as CNNIC, JPNIC etc.

Regional Internet Registries
The Internet community established the RIRs to provide fair and consistent resource distribution and accurate resource registration throughout the world.

The policy development process
Need
Anyone can participate
OPEN
Evaluate Discuss
‘BOTTOM UP’
Implement
Internet community proposes and approves policy
TRANSPARENT
Consensus
All decisions & policies are documented
& available

7
Current policy discussions
• We are experiencing an important turning point in the history of the Internet
• IPv4 allocation policies are changing
– Prop-50 IPv4 address transfers
• Deregulated transfers of IPv4 blocks
• Allow address transfer between APNIC account holders
• The minimum transfer size: /24
• APNIC to maintain a public log of all transfers
• APNIC to maintain accurate registrations
– It has been under discussion since Sept 2007
– Reached consensus at APNIC28
• Endorsed by EC in Nov 2009

8
Current policy discussions
• Prop-073: Simplifying allocation/assignment of IPv6 to APNIC members with existing IPv4 addresses
– This proposal directs the APNIC Secretariat to automatically assess and provide IPv6 resources to APNIC members that currently hold IPv4 resources but who do not hold IPv6 resources in the APNIC registry
– Reached consensus at APNIC28
– Endorsed by the APNIC EC in November 2009
• Participate policy discussion!
– http://www.apnic.net/community/participate/join-discussions
• Learn about other recent policy changes
– http://www.apnic.net/community/policy/proposals
• Join discussions
– http://www.apnic.net/community/participate/join-discussions

9
IPv4 address global distribution
256 x 10% = 25.6
Remaining at IANA 26 x /8
Unallocated,
26
Multicast; 16
Private Use; 1
Loopback; 1
AfriNIC; 2
APNIC; 34
RIR
Allocations
Local ID, 1
Future Use; 16
ARIN; 31
Total: 256 x /8
LACNIC; 6
Legacy; 92
RIPE; 30
Pre-RIR
Allocations http://www.iana.org/assignments/ipv4-address-space/ as of November 2009

IPv4 consumption – Projection
Projected IANA Unallocated Address Pool Exhaustion: 09/09/2011
Projected RIR Unallocated Address Pool Exhaustion: 03/09/2012
10 http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4/index.html
as of 09/11/2009

APNIC IPv4 allocations by economy
11
14,00
12,00
10,00
Unit: /8
8,00
6,00
4,00
2,00
0,00
CN JP KR AU TW IN ID HK VN NZ TH SG PH MY PK http://www.apnic.net/stats/o3/ as of 07/11/2009

APNIC IPv6 delegation by economy
12
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Unit: individual delegation
JP AU KR CN NZ TW SG ID MY HK VN IN TH PH PK BD FJ LK PG BN MO NP WS VU PW NC BT FM CK SB TO http://www.apnic.net/stats/o3/ as of 07/11/2009

Number of IPv6 routes and origin Autonomous Systems
IPv6 routes 2350 IPv4 routes 320000
13
IPv6 ASN 1750
IPv4 ASN 32500 http://bgp.potaroo.net
as of 06/11/2009

IPv6 BGP announcements - Global
14
The number of unique prefixes found in the routing table
(BGPmon) http://bgpmon.net/weathermap.php?inet=6 as of 07/11/2009

IPv6 BGP announcements –
Asia Pacific
15
The number of unique prefixes found in the routing table
(BGPmon) http://bgpmon.net/weathermap.php?inet=6&focus=asia as of 07/11/2009

Web access by access type
16 APNIC R&D data as of 15/09/2009

IPv6 / IPv4 web access daily ratio
APNIC +
RIPE x
17
APNIC R&D data as of 15/09/2009

18
IPv6 ready products by economy http://v6metric.jp/html/st06/08.html
as of 04/09/2009

IPv6 Routing Table
19
Slide courtesy of Gert Doering and ARIN

20
IPv6 readiness status http://www.mrp.net/IPv6_Survey.html

21
APNIC IPv6 Readiness Survey 2009
• Deployed or ready for immediate deployment?
• Formal plan for future deployment?
• Budgeted for future deployment?

22 and more devices need to connect too!
Billions of them

Strategies available for ISPs
• Do nothing
– Wait and see what competitors do
– Business not growing, so don’t care
• Extend life of IPv4
– Push customers to NAT
– Buy IPv4 address space on the marketplace
• Deploy IPv6
– Dual stack infrastructure
– IPv6 and NATed IPv4 for customers
– Or various other combinations of IPv6, IPv4 and
NAT
23
Slide#22, “The Next Three Years (IPv4 rouout and the motivation for IPv6, presented by Philip Smith, Cisco at MENOG5, Beirut, Oct 2009

Available options for ISPs
24
Obtain additional
IPv4 addresses
Squeese out
IPv4 addresses from your networks
Renumbering from own networks which does not require global IP
Short term
Solution:
Limited effect
Externally obtain IPv4 addresses
IP address transfer
IPv4 address exhaustion
Providing IPv4 connectivity services
Sharing IPv4 address among customers
Run your business with
IPv6 only
Mid term
Solution:
IETF discussion
Not to obtain additional IPv4 addresses
Providing no
IPv4 connectivity services
Long term
Solution:
IPv4 compatibility issue
Slide#7, “Consideration on network models during the period of IPv4 address exhaustion, by Akira Nakagawa, KDDI, Nov 2009

Technical community’s responses
25
• Prolonging IPv4 to help with IPv6
– Large variety of proposals to “make IPv4 last longer” to help with IPv6 deployment
– All involve Large Scale NAT (LSN)
• NAT444/SP NAT
– NAT to customer, NATed core
• Dual Stack Lite
– Private IPv4 to IPv6 to Public IPv4
– Activity of IETF Softwire Working Group
• NAT64 &IVI
– Translation between IPv6 and IPv4
– Activity of IETF Behave Working Group
Slide#23, “The Next Three Years (IPv4 rouout and the motivation for IPv6, presented by Philip Smith at MENOG5, Beirut, Oct 2009

Dual Stack Network
• The original transition scenario, but dependent on:
– IPv6 being available all the way to the customer
– Sufficient IPv4 address space for the customer
26
Slide#24, “The Next Three Years (IPv4 rouout and the motivation for IPv6, presented by Philip Smith, Cisco at MENOG5, Beirut, Oct 2009

NAT444/SP NAT
27
• Consumer uses private IPv4 and native IPv6
• SP uses private IPv4 and native IPv6 for backbone
Slide#25, “The Next Three Years (IPv4 rouout and the motivation for IPv6, presented by Philip Smith, Cisco at MENOG5, Beirut, Oct 2009

Dual Stack Lite
28
• SP has IPv6 only infrastructure
• For consumer, IPv4 tunnel to SP NAT, IPv6 native
Slide#26, “The Next Three Years (IPv4 rouout and the motivation for IPv6, presented by Philip Smith, Cisco at MENOG5, Beirut, Oct 2009

NAT64
• Consumer uses only IPv6 plus Protocol Translation to reach IPv4
• Service Provider uses only IPv6
29
Slide#27, “The Next Three Years (IPv4 rouout and the motivation for IPv6, presented by Philip Smith, Cisco at MENOG5, Beirut, Oct 2009

The future…
• The Internet has already shown its ability to evolve
– Those who are building the Internet need to be aware of IPv4 consumption and IPv6 transition
• ISPs, content providers, vendors, applications
– Planning should start now, in detail, for the day when there is not enough IPv4 address space
• Implementation plan, budget, and allocation of resources
– A smooth transition is still possible

31
Transition planning for content providers: Multihoming via IPv6
• Obtain IPv6 address assignment
• Find an ISP that can provide you IPv6 connectivity
– Contract to secure IPv6 connectivity
– Use tunnels if necessary
• Find Internet exchange points that support
IPv6
• Peer with other IPv6 networks as much as you can

32
Transition planning for network operators: Deploy IPv6 by 2010
• Your customers - for example, content providers, enterprises etc - will eventually demand IPv6 connectivity
– Be ready for them!
• Plan for deployment
– APNIC suggests that network operators and service providers be prepared to support customers and services using IPv6 by 2010
– Build IPv6 into regular product upgrade cycles
– Contact your vendors now!

33
Transition planning governments:
Support the industry
• Industry, regulators, and public policy makers
– Develop a coherent strategy to sustain the transitional framework between IPv4 and IPv6
– Deploy IPv6 in government infrastructures, and require it of your suppliers
– Encourage the continuing contribution of various stakeholders in mutually supportive roles
• Keep up-to-date with topics of IPv4 address exhaustion and IPv6 transition

34
IPv6 deployment opportunities
• What benefits can you create by deploying IPv6 in your region?
• A new industry without much legacy
– Effective use of the Internet for socio-economic development?
• Point-to-point connectivity in remote learning environments?
• Effective use of multicasting to conserve bandwidth?
– Stable, continuous Internet for:
• Disaster risk management and risk reduction?
• Early warning and response to disaster risks?
– Effective use of IPv6’s new features?
• Transportable communication system for effective disaster and emergency management?
– Energy efficient networks?
• Deploy new technologies with less power consumption?
• Positive impact to the environment?

35
Recent IPv6 implementation case
Q2, 2009
• Sify.com India enabled their services with IPv6
– Internet access to enterprise customers
– MPLS-based IP-VPN services
• Orange Business Services deployed IPv6 in its
MPLS IP VPN backbone
– Available in 35 countries in Q2 2009
– Gradually extended to more than 100
• FX Networks in NZ
– High performance national Internet backbone is natively running IPv6 in parallel with IPv4 and is available for customers to use
– To sustain their business with Asian business partners http://sev.prnewswire.com/computer-networks/20090528/3907349en_iCrossing28052009-1.html
http://www.orange.com/en_EN/press/press_releases/att00012170/print.jsp
http://www.geekzone.co.nz/content.asp?contentid=8251

36
IPv6 services deployment plan
• Internode
– IPv6 Broadband Trial Services
• http://ipv6.internode.on.net/access/adsl/
• Providing a testing environment for existing ADSL users
• Capacity building exercise for Internode engineers
• Comcast
– Making IPv6 transit services available to its wholesale customers
– Then making IPv6 available to Comcast's business and residential broadband customers
• Broadband IPv6 technical trials later this year and into 2010
• AT&T
– Plans to launch commercial IPv6-based service offerings in 2009
– The rationale and strategies for AT&T and enterprise customers to plan for and initiate transition towards IPv6 deployments
• http://www.business.att.com/content/whitepaper/WP-IPv6_18359_v1_5-11-
09.pdf
http://www.internetnews.com/infra/article.phpr/3825696/Comcast+Embraces+IPv6.htm
June 2009 http://www.business.att.com/content/whitepaper/WP-IPv6_18359_v1_5-11-09.pdf
Nov 2009

37
Need IPv6 addresses?
http://www.apnic.net/services/apply-for-resources
Contact the APNIC Helpdesk helpdesk@apnic.net
IPv6 is easy to obtain !
Contact APNIC Helpdesk helpdesk@apnic.net
Helpdesk chat

38
APNIC supports IPv6 deployment
• APNIC IPv6 Program
– Rolling out various IPv6-related activities
– ICONS IPv6 Wiki and IPv6 ICONS Forum
• http://icons.apnic.net/display/icons/Home
• Your participation will help the Internet community
• APNIC meetings are open to everyone!
– Next meeting is in Kuala Lumpur
– http://meetings.apnic.net/29

39
ICONS IPv6 Wiki http://icons.apnic.net/IPv6
Use RSS to stay updated!

40
Suggestions to the HK community
(my 2 cents…)
• Capacity building before IPv4 address exhausts
– Learn from other network operators groups
• “Broadband (cable/DSL) and wireless (GSM/3G) providers will not have enough IPv4 space to give a unique IPv4 address to each CPE”
• How do we cope with the situation?
• Transition techniques to be learnt
• http://www.attn.jp/maz/p/c/ipv4sharing2009/
– Mark Townsley (6rd), Alain Durand (DS Lite) etc.
– Bring IETF conference to your community
• meeting-planning@ietf.org
– Participate APRICOT 2010 and APNIC 29 in Kuala
Lumpur
• 23 Feb 2010 – 5 March 2010
• http://www.apricot2010.net/

Transforming the Internet
IPv4 to IPv6
Your choice and your action!
Thank You!
miwa@apnic.net