Climate Change Adaptation &
Mitigation in Viet Nam
Roles of Community
Singapore, 25-26 June 2011
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• Climate change and global problem
• Viet Nam & Climate Change
• Current efforts - Government level
• Role of civil society
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1. Climate change and global problem
• The biggest challenge in 21 century
• Basic elements- water, foods, health, environment.
• 332 millions people could be homeless
• 400 millions people facing malaria
• 600 millions people facing innutrition
• 1,8 billion people facing shortage of water in 2080
• Serious ecological crisis in South Asia and
North China
• Nick Stern www.sternreview.org.uk
– Annual Cost and risks = 5% GDP
– Expenses on reducing GHGs = 1% GDP .
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Germanwatch – Report on Risk Index of Global
CC 2010
• 10 most vulnerable countries include:
– Bangladesh, Myanmar, Honduras, Viet Nam ,
Nicaragua, Haiti, India, Dominican, Philippine and
China
– Low –income countries: The poor suffer most
• 1990 – 2008 period:
– 11.000 floods, typhoons, droughts
– 600.000 dead
– Economic loss: US$ 1,700 billions
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• Temperature- on clearly rising trend
• Rainfall does not
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• 3,000 km coast line
• Sea level rises as the key impact
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WB report - Problem from CC in Viet Nam
• Sea level rises 20 cm in the last 50 years
• 500 dead per year
• US$ 1.5 billion (1,5% of annual GDP)
• 80% farmers living in rural areas with agriculture livelihood
• Threats for millennium objectives, sustainable development and poverty reduction
• The poor suffer twice
• Vietnam is the second biggest rice exporter
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• Scenario 1: If the rise is 65 cm- 12.8% of Mekong River
Delta will be covered
• Scenario 2: If the rise is 100 cm- 90% of Mekong River
Delta will be covered
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• Scenario 2 : Sea level rises 33 cm in 2050 and 100 cm in the next
100 years
– 90 % of Mekong River Delta will be covered. (40,000 sq. km) .
– 5% of total land will be covered
– 11% of households become homeless
– 5% rice production decreased
(5 millions ton)
– 10 % of GDP will be lost
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• Policy
– National Strategy of Climate Change Adaptation & Mitigation to be approved in 2011
• Until 2030:
– Raise awareness, change attitude and behaviour of people towards nature and social economic development process in climate change context
• 2011 - 2015: Urgent tasks
– Master Plan for social economic development with adaptation with CC for
MeKong River Delta
– Upgrade the system of coastal and river damps
– To settle the flooding situation in big cities
– To protect saline intrusions for the most vulnerable areas related to food security
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• National program on adapting with climate change launched by MONRE in 2008
• 2009 – 2010: kick – off
• 2011 – 2015: Implementation
• After 2015: Development
• Research & Models
• Integration of CC in annual development plan of provinces and ministries
• Prioritized areas for immediate intervention include:
– Vulnerable area s including coastline, Hong River and MeKong River Delta
– Water resources; Agriculture and food security
– Energy; health care,
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• National program on adapting with climate change launched by MONRE in 2008
– Upgrade the system of coastal and river damp – 50 cm higher, especially the coastline linked Quang Ngai and Kien Giang
– Plant 300,000 – 350,000 ha of mangrove and other forests
– Efficiency in fresh water resources allocation and use
– Sanitation
– Develop new variety of seeds which better adapt with context of climate change
– Restructure agriculture production
• Total fund of 2,000 billion VND (100 millions US$).
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• CC is now priority. “Late is better than never”
• Vietnam still poor and vulnerable to climate change
• Sustainable development instead of fast growth
• Economic development with respect of the rules of natural world and adaptation with climate change
• Reduction of Greenhouse effects
• Efficiency in energy use
• Limitation in using fossil fuel
• Awareness raising & changing attitude and behavior of communities for adaptation with climate change.
• Integration of CC into Master Plan, local SEDP and sectoral development plan
• Environment protection, reforestation
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Government efforts
• Signed UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol
• MONRE appointed as national focal point responsible for activities related to UNFCCC and KP
• Task forces, including experts for research, project design in the field of CC
• Scenarios of climate change in Viet Nam in 2010 – 2070
• List of projects for fund raising and technology transfer
• Formulation of Clead Development Mechanism (CDM) – one of 3 mechanisms of KP for sustainable development in Viet Nam through
CDM projects
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For the first time, in
March 2011 MOET discuss the matter of climate change into the main subject in secondary schools in
2015.
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What is needed from developed countries
• Transfer new environment friendly technologies
• Cooperation with developing countries in formulating and implementation CDM projects for sustainable development and GHGs reduction.
• Financial resources
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• Adapt with CC from micro level
• The strategy:
– NGOs & civil society including private sector play important role in adapting with CC sharing responsibility, initiatives and resources with the government
– Community – based approaches:
• The community needs
• Awareness raising
• Change attitude and behaviors toward CC
• Network of HR, projects, communities to produce sygnegy
• Initiatives:
– Higher productivity in narrower areas
– New variety of plants when sea level rises
– “in bed with flood”
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• Models at grassroot across the country
(Community-based Climate Adaptation-
CCA)
 many examples: CB-CRM in Cat Ba
(CRP-KAS), Xuan Thuy (Nam Dinh-
MCD), SDR- in Hue, GTZ in Tra Vinh, etc.
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• Initiatives come from the community as they are the ones who will suffer and also have many ideas to adapt
• Government and civil society need to be in place to facilitate, not the ones who stay
• Examples: a project funded by Viet Nam
Innovation Day in 2010 in Phu Yen province
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• Protect landslide by “New technology” of sea damp made from Vetiver grass, Spinach and coconut matting
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• Mr Nguyen Phu Bao from Green Phu Yen
Company received the
Innovation Day grant of
VND 270 millions
(US$13,500) awarded by WB for his initiative
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Thank you!
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