Chapter 9 Test
K/U
Name:_________________________________
/24 marks
Comm
/20 marks
App
/18 marks
Multiple Choice (32 Marks) K/U
1. What is homeostasis?
a. The process in which internal conditions are kept within a tolerable range
b. The process in which the internal conditions are kept constant
c. The process in which the body responds to the external environment
d. The process in which the internal temperature is kept constant
2. Which of the following is an example of homeostasis?
a. Diabetes
b. Hyperventilation
c. Fevers
d. Sweating
3. Which internal factor must be monitored and adjusted to maintain homeostasis?
a. Blood pressure
b. Internal temperature
c. Blood pH
d. All of the above
4. How much extracellular fluid does the human body contain?
a. 20L b. 10L c. 15L d. 25L
5. What constitutes the internal environment?
a. Plasma b. extracellular fluid c. interstitial fluid
d. all of the above
6. Which organ systems at the most important systems for maintaining homeostasis?
a. Muscular and digestive
b. Nervous and endocrine
c. Nervous and excretory
d. Excretory and integumentary
7. Which task would NOT be considered necessary for the survival of an organism?
a. Taking in nutrients
b. Responding to changes in the external environment
c. Moving
d. Synthesizing proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
T/I
/21 marks
8. How are mammals able to maintain their body temperature?
a. Shivering or sweating
b. Constricting or dilating vessels
c. Seeking shelter or shade
d. A and C
e. All of the above
9. What elements are involved in homeostatic mechanisms?
a. Thermoreceptor, set point, and effector
b. Sensor, integrator, and effector
c. Stimulus, sensor, and effector
d. Sensor, responder, and effector
10. What is an environment change that triggers a change in external or internal factors called?
a. Integrator b. sensor c. effector d. stimulus
11. What is the role of the integrator?
a. To activate the effector if necessary
b. To return the system to its optimal state
c. To detect changes in the environment
d. To respond to the stimulus
12. Which of the following is an effector activated by the hypothalamus when the temperature of the body is lower than
the set point?
a. Sweat glands initiate sweating
b. Move to a warmer location or put on a sweater
c. Skeletal muscles contract
d. Skin blood vessels dilate
13. What is an example of positive feedback?
a. Labour contractions during birth
b. An air conditioner turns on when the temperature rises
c. Sweating when you are hot
d. Increased respiration during exercise
14. What are thermoreceptors?
a. Receptors that detect deviations from an internal set point temperature
b. Receptors that adjust the rate of exothermic reactions
c. Receptors that adjust the rate of thermal energy exchange through the body’s surface
d. All of the above
15. How is thermal energy transferred through sweating?
a. Evaporation b. convection c. radiation d. conduction
16. Cold air displaces warmer air. What does this involve?
a. Conduction b. radiation c. convection d. evaporation
17. Using the diagram, why does water move in the direction shown?
a. The water moves to the area where the concentration of the solute is low
b. The water moves from an area of high water concentration to an area
of low water concentration
c. The water moves from an area where the solution of the solute is high
d. The water moves from an area of low water concentration to an area of
high water concentration
18. What condition does the diagram to the right show?
a. The solution on the left side of the membrane is isoosmotic
b. The solution on the left side of the membrane is hyperosmotic
c. The solution on the left side of the membrane is hypoosmotic
d. The solution on the right side of the membrane is hyperosmotic
19. Which organs are involved in the human excretory system?
a. Kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra
b. Liver and pancreas
c. Liver, kidneys, and bladder
d. Sweat glands and skin
20. How and where is urea formed from ammonia?
a. The ammonia combines with HCO₃⁻ in the liver
b. The ammonia combines with uric acid in the bladder
c. The ammonia combines with water in the bladder
d. The ammonia combines with HCO₃⁻ in the kidney
21. What is the advantage of excreting urea rather than ammonia as waster?
a. Urea is less toxic than ammonia
b. Urea required less water for excretion
c. Urea is very soluble
d. All of the above
22. What part of the kidney is considered to be the functional unit?
a. Renal medulla b. nephron c. glomerulus d. Bowman’s capsule
23. Where does the filtrate go from the distal convoluted tubule?
a. Bowman’s capsule b. proximal convoluted tubule c. loop of Henle
24. What causes kidney stones to form?
a. Buildup of cholesterol
b. Buildup of mineral solutes combined with calcium
c. Buildup of mineral solutes, such as oxalates, phosphates, and carbonates
d. Buildup of calcium
d. collecting duct
Matching (12 Marks) C
Isoosmotic
Osmotic pressure
Hypoosmotic
Osmoregulation
Hyperosmotic
Afferent arteriole
Efferent arteriole
Glomerulus
Aquaporins
Loop of Henle
Peritubular capillaries
Bowman’s capsule
A
Area where water, nutrients, and ions are reabsorbed, and urea becomes
concentrated
B Carries away filtered blood from the nephrons
C A membrane protein that transports water
D Area where essential ions and minerals are reabsorbed from filtered blood
E Performs the first step in urine formation
F Supplies blood to the nephrons
G Performs the first step in the filtration of blood
H Solution on one side of a permeable membrane that has a lower concentration of
water
I The process of keeping the concentration of water and solute inside the cell and
outside the cell in balance
J Solution on one side of a permeable membrane that has a higher concentration of
water
K Pressure that results from a difference in water concentrations between two sides of
a permeable membrane
L Two solutions on either side of a permeable membrane that have equal water
concentration
Short Answer (54 Marks) T, C, A
1. Name two organ systems working together to maintain homeostasis (2). How do each of these systems work
together to help maintain homeostasis (2)? (4 Marks) C
2. Compare and contrast the terms vasodilation and vasoconstriction (2). How are these terms used to describe
thermoregulation (2)? (4 Marks) C
3. What is positive feedback (1)? Does a positive feedback loop maintain homeostasis (1)? Explain (1). Provide an
example of a positive feedback mechanism (1). (3 Marks) T
4. Why do we convert ammonia to urea or uric acid before excretion (1)? Where does this take place (1)? Through
what process does our body produce ammonia (1)? (3 Marks) T
5. It’s freezing outside but you decided to brave the cold and walk to Tim Horton’s to get a coffee. Draw a negative
feedback mechanism (flow chart) showing how your body will maintain homeostasis and stay warm during your
walk. Label each stage as the sensor, integrator, or effector and what happens to the body at each of these
stages. (7 Marks) A
1
2
4
3
6. Label the diagram of the nephron and the excretory system shown below. (16 Marks) A
7. Using a flowchart describe the mechanism of how anti-diuretic hormone (vasopressin) helps the kidneys to
reabsorb water and decrease Na⁺ levels (7). Include a negative feedback mechanism once homeostasis is
achieved (1). Identify the stimulus, sensor, integrator, effector (3). Hint: starting point would be why the body is
releasing antidiuretic hormone in the first place? (The Stimulus) (11 Marks) T
8. In the above question, describe how your body let’s you know that you are thirsty (2). (2 Marks) T
9. What is one of the purposes of the bicarbonate buffer system in the excretory system (1)? Draw this chemical
reaction including reactants and products (4). Describe how the kidneys help maintain proper blood pH (2).
(2 Marks) T