Systems Analysis and
Design, 2nd Edition
Alan Dennis and Barbara Haley Wixom
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Prepared by: Roberta M. Roth
University of Northern Iowa
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Introduction
Chapter 1
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
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Key Ideas
Many failed systems were abandoned
because analysts tried to build wonderful
systems without understanding the
organization.
The primarily goal is to create value for
the organization.
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Key Ideas
The systems analyst is a key person analyzing
the business, identifying opportunities for
improvement, and designing information
systems to implement these ideas.
It is important to understand and develop
through practice the skills needed to
successfully design and implement new
information systems.
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
THE SYSTEMS
DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
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Major Attributes of the Life Cycle
The project -Moves systematically through phases where
each phase has a standard set of outputs
Produces project deliverables
Uses deliverables in implementation
Results in actual information system
Uses gradual refinement
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Project Phases
Planning (Why build the system? How
should the team go about building it?)
Analysis (Who uses system, what will it
do, where and when will the system be
used?)
Design (How will the system work?)
Implementation (System delivery)
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
A simple process for making lunch
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Planning
Identifying business value
Analyze feasibility
Develop work plan
Staff the project
Control and direct project
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Analysis
Analysis strategy
Gathering business requirements
Requirements definition use cases
Process modeling
Data modeling
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Design
Design selection
Architecture design
Interface design
Data storage design
Program design
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Implementation
Construction
Program building
Program and system testing
Installation
Conversion strategy
Training plan
Support plan
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Processes and Deliverables
Process
Planning
Analysis
Design
Implementation
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Product
System Request
Feasibility Analysis
Workplan
System Proposal
System
Specification
New System and
Maintenance Plan
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
METHODOLOGIES
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
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What Is a Methodology?
A formalized approach to implementing
the SDLC
A series of steps and deliverables
Methodology Categories
Process-Centered
Data-Centered
Object-Oriented
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Structured Design
Rapid Application Development
Agile Development
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Waterfall Development Methodology
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Pros and Cons of the Waterfall
Methodology
Pros
Identifies systems
requirements long
before programming
begins
Minimizes changes to
requirements as
project progresses
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Cons
Design must be
specified on paper
before programming
begins
Long time between
system proposal and
delivery of new
system
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Parallel Development Methodology
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
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Pros and Cons of Parallel
Development Methodology
Pros
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Cons
Reduces Schedule
Time
Still Uses Paper
Documents
Less Chance of
Rework
Sub-projects May Be
Difficult to Integrate
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Rapid Application Development
Incorporate special techniques and tools:
CASE tools
JAD sessions
Fourth generation/visualization
programming languages
Code generators
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
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Three RAD Categories
Phased development
A series of versions developed sequentially
Prototyping
System prototyping
Throw-away prototyping
Design prototyping
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Phased Development Methodology
Insert Figure 1-4 here
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Pros and Cons of Phased
Development Methodology
Pros
Users Get a System
To Use Quickly
Users Can Identify
Additional Needs
For Later Versions
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Cons
Users Work with a
System that is
Intentionally
Incomplete
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
How Prototyping Works
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
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Pros and Cons of Prototyping
Methodology
Pros
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Cons
Users Interact with
Prototype Very Quickly
Tendency to do
Superficial Analysis
Users Can Identify
Needed Changes
And Refine Real
Requirements
Initial Design
Decisions May
Be Poor
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Throwaway Prototyping
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
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Pros and Cons of Throwaway
Prototyping Methodology
Pros
Risks are Minimized
Cons
May Take Longer
Than Prototyping
Important Issues are
Understood Before the
Real System is Built
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Agile Development: Extreme
Programming
Insert Figure 1-8 here
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Pros and Cons of Agile
Methodologies
Pros
Fast Delivery of Results
Works Well in Projects
With Undefined or
Changing Requirements
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Cons
Requires Discipline
Works Best in
Small Projects
Requires Much
User Input
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Criteria for Selecting the
Appropriate Methodology
Clear user requirements
Familiarity with technology
Complexity of system
Reliability of system
Time schedule
Schedule visibility
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
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TEAM ROLES AND SKILLS
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
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Information Systems Roles
Business analyst
Systems analyst
Infrastructure analyst
Change management analyst
Project manager
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Summary
The Systems Development Lifecycle consists of four
stages: Planning, Analysis, Design, and
Implementation
There are six major development methodologies: the
waterfall method, the parallel development method,
the phased development method, system prototyping,
design prototyping, and agile development.
There are five major team roles: business analyst,
systems analyst, infrastructure analyst, change
management analyst and project manager.
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of this work
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Request for further information should be addressed to the
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The Publisher assumes no responsibility for errors, omissions,
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use of the information contained herein.
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.