Implementing Use Of Cleaning Chemicals
…Safer For People And The
Environment
www.ENVIRO-SOLUTION.com • Resource Center • Presentations & Reports • Other Helpful Sites
OUTLINE
1.
Did You Know?
2.
Overview Of Current Situation
3.
To Be Proven More Environmentally Sound
4.
To Be Proven Safer For People
5.
Key Criteria of Green Seal and Environmental Choice
6.
Commonly Used Hazardous Chemicals
7.
Cleaning Tenders/Bids – Product Guidelines
8.
Q’s & A’s
1.
DID YOU KNOW?
In a recent survey of 32 facilities in Richmond California, of 250 janitorial
products, the findings were:
• 7% should not be used as they could cause cancer or were very damaging to
the environment.
• 56% require extreme care as the ingredients can cause blindness, severe
skin damage, interfere with the endocrine system, or be absorbed through
the skin or inhaled and subsequently cause damage to the blood, liver,
kidneys, nervous system, or a developing fetus.
• 37% require routine care as they may irritate the eyes and skin, can evaporate
and affect indoor air quality, or may exceed a building’s allowable sewer
discharge limits for certain ingredients.
Source – “Cleaning For Health: Products and Practices for a Safer Indoor Environment”; Alicia Culver, Senior Research
Associate; INFORM, Inc.
1.
DID YOU KNOW?
HAZARDS OF CLEANERS:
7% Cause Cancer, Ozone Depletion, or
Global Warning
56% Contain
Ingredients that can
Cause Blindness,
Severe Skin
Damage, or Damage
to Organs Through
Skin
Source – “Cleaning For Health: Products and Practices for a Safer Indoor Environment”; Alicia Culver, Senior Research
Associate; INFORM, Inc.
1.
DID YOU KNOW?
• A fetus may come into contact with an endocrine-disrupting chemical while still in the
womb, but problems, such as birth defects, infertility and leaning disabilities may not show
up until much later. Often the timing is critical. For example, sexual organs develop at
day 56 of gestation. Exposure at this stage could be a factor in the later development of
testicular cancer.
• 2-butoxyethanol, a common ingredient in cleaning products, is a toxin suspected of
causing learning disabilities in children as well as liver and kidney damage. This chemical
can be absorbed directly through the skin.
• The World Health Organization estimates that 80 percent of all cancers are
environmentally related.
Source – LEAS: www.leas.ca
1.
DID YOU KNOW?
Health Hazards of Janitorial Cleaning Chemicals:
• Janitorial workers experience relatively high injury rates, many of which are due to the
toxic chemicals found in cleaning products, particularly floor and carpet maintenance
products, disinfectants and specialty cleaners.
• These chemicals can cause headaches, asthma, burns, permanent eye damage, major organ
damage and even cancer.
• There are 100,000 commercial chemicals in use in North America – perhaps 500 or less
than 1,000 have ever really been studied.
Source - “Cleaning For Health: Products and Practices for a Safer Indoor Environment”; Alicia Culver, Senior Research
Associate; INFORM, Inc.
- Dr. Bruce Fowler, University of Maryland.
1.
DID YOU KNOW?
Health Hazards of Janitorial Cleaning Chemicals:
• 6 out of every 100 janitors are injured on the job, at an average cost of $725 in medical and
lost time per reported injury.
• 40 percent of these injuries involve eye irritations or burns.
• 36 percent of these injuries involve skin irritations or burns.
• 20 percent of these injuries are severe chemical burns to the eyes and skin.
• 12 percent of these injuries involve breathing chemical fumes.
• Some disinfectants (e.g. “quats”) can cause occupational asthma.
Source – “Cleaning For Health: Products and Practices for a Safer Indoor Environment”; Alicia Culver, Senior Research
Associate; INFORM, Inc.
1.
DID YOU KNOW?
Health Hazards of Janitorial Cleaning Chemicals:
• 127 janitors died in the US between 1993 and 2001 as a result of the cleaning products
they were using.
• A health care worker complained of respiratory irritation from using a bathtub cleaner and
disinfectant in the course of her work in a British Columbia health care institution.
Despite her symptoms, she continued to do the work as directed by her employer. One
day, after she had completed her shift, she went home, feeling ill. She later collapsed and
died. Her union took the case to the Workers’ Compensation Board and did extensive
research on the ingredients in the cleaning solutions. It was found that she had been
exposed to excessive levels of “quats”, which were probably the cause of her death.
• The numbers are growing for human health and environmental hazards linked with
traditional cleaning products.
Source
– “US Bureau of Labour Statistics”. Leas: www.leas.ca
1.
DID YOU KNOW?
• That poor quality indoor air can produce health effects in occupants ranging from
headaches and dry eyes to nausea, dizziness and fatigue.
• These health effects contribute to increased absenteeism/sick days, low moral and
decreased worker productivity.
• A study of school districts in the greater Washington, D.C. area found that there was a
direct correlation between Indoor Air Quality and both attendance and performance of
their students.
Source – “Cleaning For Health: Products and Practices for a Safer Indoor Environment”; Alicia Culver, Senior Research
Associate; INFORM, Inc.
1.
DID YOU KNOW?
• Indoor air quality is ranked among the nation’s top 5 environmental risks. IAQ can
be 2 to 100 times as worse than the outdoors.
• The World Health Organization estimates that 30% of all buildings experience IAQ
problems.
• Improving IAQ can improve worker production by 0.5 to 5 percent, an annual
production given of $30 billion to $150 billion annually.
Source – “Cleaning For Health: Products and Practices for a Safer Indoor Environment”; Alicia Culver, Senior Research
Associate; INFORM, Inc.
1.
DID YOU KNOW?
• Improved cleaning methods and safer cleaning chemicals can very positively affect
indoor air quality, worker health, and the environment.
• Clearly, eliminating the toxic ingredients from cleaning products would bring tremendous
benefits to society – in reduced occupational diseases and cancer, and cleaner air and
water (LEAS).
• The main reason for going “green” is for the health of yourself, your staff, the people
who work in your buildings and the visitors to your facilities. In addition, you should go
“green” for the environment – air, water and land.
NOTE: LEAS = Labour Environmental Alliance Society : www.leas.ca
1.
DID YOU KNOW?
Equity
Environment
Promotes people
health & safety
Products overall burden and
impact on the environment is
minimized
Economics Encourage true product innovation and differentiation
1.
DID YOU KNOW?
Source – The Natural Step. See Http://www.naturalstep.org (as mentioned in:“Sustainability, Green Chemistry and the Unified
Green Cleaning Alliance : ISSA Legislative and Regulatory Forum”; Dr. Lauren Heine; Zero Waste Alliance).
1.
DID YOU KNOW?
WOW – Did You Know?
1.
DID YOU KNOW?
• It is a fact: traditional cleaning, floor care, carpet care, washroom care and odour control
products are hazardous to people and the environment. While the degree of hazard varies, the
fact of the matter is that by going green, you can very quickly, easily and profoundly make a
difference with out impacting performance as well as labour and product cost.
• The key is to understand what green is; what are the variables, considerations, and criteria of
green; and how to know a product is green given all the misinformation and “spin” being
disseminated by many manufacturers, both large and small.
2.
OVERVIEW OF CURRENT SITUATION
• “Green & safer” claims and products have been around for approximately 10 years.
• Until recently, not grown in significant use.
• Why?
2.
OVERVIEW OF CURRENT SITUATION
NOT GROWN FOR VARIOUS REASONS:
• Poor product performance
• Price premium
• Unclear standards/Lack of consistent standards
• Unproven Claims/Mis-information/False Claims
• Complacency and resistance to change
• Lack of understanding by cleaning professionals
• Lack of acceptance by the major manufacturers of cleaning chemicals
2.
OVERVIEW OF CURRENT SITUATION
RECENTLY, GREATER ACTIVITY:
SCHOOLS
CITIES/STATES
COMPANIES
HEALTHCARE
McGill University
Brampton
Ontario Hydro/Ontario
Power Generation
2 of the largest hospitals in Quebec
Laval University
Toronto
2 – IBM Plants
2 large nursing homes in Quebec
Acadia University
British Columbia Building
Corp.
Dupont
Various other hospitals & health care
institutions to a varying degree
Largest College in
Quebec
Santa Monica
Shell
Various School Boards
to a varying degree
Massachusettes
Alcan
Vermont
Dofasco
Minnesota
Husky Injection Molding
Washington
Unified Green Cleaning
Alliance
3.
TO BE PROVEN MORE ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND
• What are the key criteria to review/consider in order to have safer products for the
environment?
3.
TO BE PROVEN MORE ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND
BIODEGRADABILITY:
• It is the decomposition of organic substances into carbon dioxide, water and other
harmless substances.
• Must state:
 Definition/Standard used
 At use dilution under load and simulated real life situations
• OECD 301-D is one of the highest standards.
• BOD over COD being 60% or greater in a 10 day window over a 28 day limit.
NOTE:
BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand is the oxygen consumed by the microorganism in the test.
COD Chemical Oxygen Demand also known as the Theoretical Oxygen Demand (TOD) is the theoretical oxygen demand to
completely mineralize thechemical.
3.
TO BE PROVEN MORE ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND
DOSAGE LEVELS:
• Must be at least equal to standard products.
3.
TO BE PROVEN MORE ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND
AQUATIC TOXICITY:
• Must meet or exceed acute toxicity at standard use dilution for:
Fish
Daphnia magna
Algae
3.
TO BE PROVEN MORE ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND
TESTS/CLAIMS:
• Conducted and/or verified by 3rd Party, Independent, Recognized Labs.
• Should be both:
 Ingredients
 Whole Formulation
3.
TO BE PROVEN MORE ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND
SURFACTANTS:
• Must be carefully selected so as to have the least negative effect on the environment –
biodegrade readily to components with low toxicity.
• For example:
Use - Linear Alcohol Ethoxylates
- Linear Alkyl Sulfonates
Do Not Use - NPE
- APE
- OPE
- LAS
- DBSA
3.
TO BE PROVEN MORE ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND
BUILDERS:
• Must be carefully selected to biodegrade readily to compounds with low environmental
concerns and mild pH.
• For example:
Use - Sodium Citrate
- Silicates
- Zeolites
- Maleic Anhydride Derivatives (iminodisuccinate and polyaspartic acid)
Do Not Use - Inorganic phosphates
- Caustics (sodium metasilicate)
- NTA
- EDTA
- MEA
3.
TO BE PROVEN MORE ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND
SOLVENTS:
• Must be carefully selected to be low in toxicity to the environment and to humans.
• For example:
Use- Propylene Glycol Ethers
- Methyl Soyate
- Ethyle Lactate
Do Not Use - Ethylene Glycol
- Butyl Cellusolve
- D’Limonene
3.
TO BE PROVEN MORE ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND
HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS:
• Must not contain carcinogens, mutagens or teratogens.
• No cleaning product to contain ingredients found on the following lists:
 US Department of Health’s “Hazardous Substances Fact Sheet”
 SARA – 313 40 CFR 372 (Toxic Chemicals)
 CERCLA – 102 40 CFR 302 (Hazardous Substances)
 RCRA – CFR 261 D (Hazardous Air Pollutants)
 Clean Water Act – 313 40 CFR 63 (Hazardous Water Pollutants)
 National Pollutant Release Inventory (Canadian List)
3.
TO BE PROVEN MORE ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND
LD50’S & LC50’S:
• Compare the LD50’s & LC50’s. The higher the number, the better.
NOTE:
LC50 Measures the acute Poisoning strength of a chemical when it is swallowed or rubbed on the skin. LD stands for the “Lethal
Dose”. LD50 is the dose of a chemical (product) at mg/kg on a single occasion, which causes death in 50% of the test group.
LC50 Measures the acute poisoning strength of a chemical when it is breathed in from the air. LC stands for “Lethal
Concentration.” LC50 is the amount of a chemical (product) at mg/l concentration in the air, which causes death in 50% of the test
group.
3.
TO BE PROVEN MORE ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND
OZONE DEPLETING INGREDIENTS:
• Must not contain these
NATURAL RENEWABLE RESOURCES:
• Whenever possible, only naturally-based, renewable ingredients – such as grains, corn oils,
palm kernel oil, coconut oil, sugar cane juices, glucoses, and corn & soy based esters
replacing petroleum based solvents should be used.
PACKAGING:
• Subject to availability, bottles/jugs/pails should contain post/pre consumer regrind; labels
using vegetable inks or printed on plastic, removable sleeves; cartons made from pre/post
recycled cardboard.
CONCENTRATES:
• Where possible, concentrates should be used to reduce packaging, transportation and at-use
costs.
3.
TO BE PROVEN MORE ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND
ENDORCEMENTS:
• Eco-Logo/Environmental Choice (Canada) - www.terrachoice.com
• Green Seal (U.S.A.) - www.greenseal.org
• NOTE: Certifies products, not companies, and provides a list of certified products on their
website.
4.
TO BE PROVEN MORE SAFER FOR PEOPLE
• What are the key criteria to review/consider in order to have safer products for people
(users, occupants and visitors).
4.
TO BE PROVEN MORE SAFER FOR PEOPLE
PRODUCTS NEED TO BE SAFE FOR:
• The user
• The workplace environment
 Obligation to employees, consumers, patrons and visitors
 Limiting liability
 Reduce absenteeism caused by illness related to work
 Reduce costs related to accidents, workers safety and compensation
Products that are safer for the environment are safer for people.
4.
TO BE PROVEN MORE SAFER FOR PEOPLE
HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS:
• No cleaning product to contain ingredients found on the following lists:
 US Department of Health’s “Hazardous Substances Fact Sheet”
 SARA – 313 40 CFR 372 (Toxic Chemicals)
 CERCLA – 102 40 CFR 302 (Hazardous Substances)
 RCRA – CFR 261 D (Hazardous Air Pollutants)
 Clean Water Act – 313 40 CFR 63 Hazardous Water Pollutants)
 National Pollutant Release Inventory Canadian List)
• Must not contain carcinogens, mutagens or teratogens.
4.
TO BE PROVEN MORE SAFER FOR PEOPLE
TOXICITY:
• Must be considered essentially non-toxic (acute oral/dermal) according to WHIMIS and
OSHA.
4.
TO BE PROVEN MORE SAFER FOR PEOPLE
Oral
LD50
Dermal LD 50
Inhalation
LC50
Gas
Vapor
Dust, Mist
or Fume
Very
Toxic
50 mg/kg
50 U.S.
200 mg/kg
Very Toxic
2,500 mg/m3
1,500 mg/m3
0.5 mg/L
Toxic
>50 mg/kg &
500 mg/kg
>50 & 5000 U.S.
>20 mg/kg
&
1000 mg/kg
Toxic
>1,500 mg/m3
&
2,500 mg/m3
>0.5 mg/L
& 2.5 mg/L
Harmful
>500 mg/kg
&
2000 mg/kg
>1000 mg/kg
&
2000 mg/kg
>2,500 mg/m3
&
10,000 mg/m3
>2.5 mg/L
&
5.0 mg/L
Harmful
>2,500 mg/m3
&
5,00 mg/m3
NOTE:: Greater the LD50 & LC50, the less toxic the product
4.
TO BE PROVEN MORE SAFER FOR PEOPLE
SUBSTANCE OF SPECIAL CONCERN
Item
Substance of Concern
Concentration
Sub-Category
1
Carbon tetrachloride
any concentration
Very toxic
2
Diethylene glycol
5% or more
Harmful
3
Ethyl acetate
5% or more
Harmful
4
Ethylene glycol
(a) 5% or more but less than 10%
Harmful
(b) 10% or more
Toxic
any concentration
Very toxic
5
Hydrocyanic acid or a
hydrocyanate salt
6
Methyl alcohol
1% or more and a total quantity of 5 mL or more
Toxic
7
Nitrovenzene
5 mg/kg or more
Very toxic
8
1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
any concentration
Very toxic
9
1,2-dichloroethane
(a) 5%or more but less than 10%
Harmful
(b) 10% or more
Toxic
5% or more
Harmful
10
1,1,1-trichloroethane
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
*These substances are of special concern because standard animal tests may not reflect the actual hazard posed
by these substances to humans.
4.
TO BE PROVEN MORE SAFER FOR PEOPLE
NPE’s/APE’s; BLEACH:
• Must not contain these:
IRRIATIONS:
• Not to cause serious skin irritations, respiratory problems, or damage to nasal membranes
NON FLAMMABLE & NON CORROSIVE:
• Must be considered non-flammable and non-corrosive at use dilutions
4.
TO BE PROVEN MORE SAFER FOR PEOPLE
VOC’s:
• Must meet California standards.
LOW FRAGRANCE LEVELS:
• Should be low fragrance levels subject to ease of use and safety, product performance,
price, and the other considerations.
• No scent is not necessarily safer.
4.
TO BE PROVEN MORE SAFER FOR PEOPLE
FLASH POINT:
• Should be greater than 65°C (150°F).
MSDS’s:
• Should be Full/All Ingredients disclosure. Not the 1% rule.
• 16 part format – Not 9
 Ecological Information (Biodegradability & Aquatic Toxicity)
 Environment Regulation Information
 Individual Ingredients, as well as Total Formula LD50 information
PRODUCT INFORMATION SHEET
MSDS
MSDS
5.
KEY CRITERIA OF GREEN SEAL AND
ENVIRONMENTAL CHOICE PROGRAMS
• WOW – Unless you have a lot of time and expertise, how can you really be sure what you
are using is relatively safe?
• USE – Green Seal and/or Environmental Choice Certified Products, where available. Then
you know that someone objectively tested the products and ingredients to a “green” criteria.
Where there are no criteria, use the information in the previous sections, as well as the next
sections, to compare products.
• “Green” is a moving target. It is a journey not a destination.
5.
KEY CRITERIA OF GREEN SEAL AND
ENVIRONMENTAL CHOICE PROGRAMS
December 20, 2002
Dell Tech Laboratories is a regulatory consulting firm that has been providing guidance to
manufacturers and users of chemical products for over 22 years, with a focus on regulatory
compliance, product safety and government registrations. Our services include product
assessments, reviews and classification of products under the Hazardous Product Act, both
for consumer and industrial workplace regulations. We are a Canadian General Standards
Board certified testing laboratory under the requirements of ISO Guide 25. Our clients
include small and medium size manufacturers in Canada and the United States as well as
large multinational companies.
With greater environmental concerns in today's world, many different standards and criteria
have been developed. Green Seal Inc. and the Environmental Choice Program have issued
two of the more popular standards. We have compared the Green Seal Industrial and
Institutional Cleaners standard GS-37 to the Environmental Choice Industrial and
Commercial Cleaners standard ECP-57 below:
Category
Green Seal GS-37
Environmental Choice ECP-57
Comments
Scope/Product
Categories
General Purpose Cleaner, Bathroom Cleaners
(excluding toilet bowl disinfectants, sanitizers)
Glass Cleaners (excluding sterilizers,
disinfectants, sanitizers
EC has more
categories.
Product Performance
Testing
General Purpose – removes 80% of soil in
ASTM D4488-95, A5; Bathroom Cleaners –
remove 75% of soil ASTM D5345; Glass
Cleaners – a rating of 3 in soil removal,
smearing, streaking by CSMA test DCC 09
Institutional & Industrial: General
Purpose, Degreasers, Bathroom Cleaners,
Odour Eliminators, Spot & Stain
Removers, Glass Cleaners, Neutral Floor
cleaners, Hand Soap, Dish Liquid Soap
Effective cleaning as measured by
CAN/CGSB-2.11-94 Method 20.3
Toxic Compounds
Undiluted product not toxic to humans. Toxic
if LD50 <2000 mg/kg
Inhalation lethal concentration < 20 mg/L.
Toxicity measured in whole product
Must not contain > 0.1% of any ingredient
that is: acutely toxic substance,
toxic and bio ccumulating,
acutely toxic and not biodegradable,
bioaccumulating and not biodegradable
Green Seal does
not address
bioaccumulation.
Carcinogens and
Reproductive Toxins
Shall contain only ingredients that are not
carcinogens or known to cause reproductive
toxins as specified by IARC, NTP, OSHA
Shall not contain carcinogens or
reproductive toxins as specified by IARC
Similar.
Skin & Eye Irritation
Undiluted product shall not be corrosive to
skin & eyes. Dispensing system products can
be tested as used.
Must not be corrosive to skin. pH > 2.0, <
13.0
Skin Sensitization
Undiluted shall not be a skin sensitizer. Disp.
system conc. shall be tested as used
Not specified
Similar.
Category
Green Seal
Environmental Choice
Comments
Combustibility
Undiluted product shall not
be combustible. Flashpoint >
150°F (65.5°C)
Flashpoint > 61°C
EC slightly lower.
Smog/Ozone
Production/Indoor Air
Quality
Product as used has VOC
limits.
VOC 1% max for General
Purpose, 3% max for Glass
Cleaners
VOCs must be < 10% by
weight
GS has slightly lower
limits.
Toxicity to Aquatic Life
Shall not be toxic to aquatic
life. LC50 for algae, daphnia,
fish <100 mg/L
Non-toxic to aquatic life by
sub chronic toxicity tests at
minimum use dilution for
algae, daphnia and fish
Similar.
Aquatic Biodegradability
Each organic readily
biodegradable by OECD test
Must be readily biodegradable
(OECD) whole formulation or
each organic ingredient
Similar testing.
Eutrophication
< 0.5% P
<2.2% P
Prohibited Ingredients
APEO, dibutyl phthalate,
heavy metals, ozone
depleting compounds
APEO, aromatic solvents,
butoxyethanol, chlorinated
solvents, < 5% NTA, < 1%
EDTA, ozone depleting
products
Category
GS -37
Environmental Choice
Fragrances
Concentration
Packaging
Must be identified.
Must be a concentrate.
Primary package recyclable or
may be returned and refilled.
Prefer no animal testing.
Operators shall be trained in
proper use of product including:
dilution, use, disposal and use of
equipment.
Labels should assist non-English
speaking and illiterate personnel.
Labels must indicate dilution with
cold water, dilution level, use,
disposal and protective equipment
Not specified
May be a concentrate or RTU
Not specified
Animal Testing
Training
Labels
Comment
Not specified
WHMIS and OSHA require
training
Must be identified as not for
household use. Detailed use,
disposal and recycling directions,
must be used temperature 17C
below its flashpoint
Both will have to meet
workplace-labeling
requirements.
In my expert opinion, GS 37 and ECP 57 are very similar with no material overall differences/impact regarding
safety or protection for the environment.
John Ott
Dell Tech Laboratories Ltd.
Senior Business Development Manager
Jott@delltech.com
(519) 858-5021 ext. 22040
6.
PRODUCT
Acetone
COMMONLY USED HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS
CAS
NUMBER
67-64-1
WARNING - REASON
WHERE COMMONLY FOUND
May cause kidney damage and damage to a
developing fetus
Mark and scuff removers, spot treatment. Cleaners & nail
polish removers
Aluminum Oxide
1344-28-1
Neurotoxin
Abrasive cleaners
Ammonia, Aqua ammonia or Hydrated
ammonia,
Ammonium hydroxide
7664-41-7
1336-21-6
May cause liver damage; ammonia gas may cause
edema
Metal polishes and window cleaners
May cause kidney damage
Metal polishes, gum removers, deodorizers, air fresheners
Endocrine disrupter, toxic to aquatic life
Hard surface cleaners, wax and floor finish emulsions,
laundry detergents
Carcinogen, has been shown to cause leukemia
Degreasers
Amyl acetate, Amyl acetic ester or
Pentyl ester
Alkyl phenol ethoxylate (APE)
Benzene
628-63-7
9016-45-9
71-43-2
Benzyl alcohol, Phenylmethanol
100-51-6
Sensory organ toxicant
Air fresheners, carpet spotters
2 – Butoxyethanol, Butyl cellosolve,
Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether
111-76-2
May cause liver, kidney, respiratory and reproductive
damage
Heavy duty cleaners, degreasers and wax strippers,
concrete sealers
Toxic by SARA, NRPI& CERCLA. Air pollutant.
Carcinogenic. Teratogen
Solvent cleaners
Toxic by SARA & NRPI. Air Pollutant
Bowl cleaners, bleach
Suspected carcinogen (EPA)
All purpose and multi purpose cleaners, dishwashing
detergents, carpet/upholstery cleaning products, hand
cleaners
Reproductive, liver, kidney, blood and neuro toxicant
Glass and surface cleaners, carpet/upholstery cleaning
products
Suspected sensitizer, may also cause liver damage in
animals
All purpose cleaners and solvents
84-74-2
Endocrine disrupter, may cause kidney and fetal
damage; a skin irritant
Hard surface cleaners, floor finishes, latex paints
95-50-5
Carbon Tetrachloride
Chlorine
Cocamide diethanolamine (Cocamide
DEA)
Cyclohexanol
d-Limonene, 1-Methylcyclohexene
4-Isopropenyl
Dibutyl phthalate
1,2 Dichlorbenzene
56-23-5
7782-50-5
68603-42-9
108-93-0
5989-27-5
Toxic by SARA, NRPI & CERCLA
Deodorant blocks
Diethanolamine (DEA)
111-42-2
Skin and respiratory toxicant
Hard surface cleaners, floor finish strippers,
carpet/upholstery cleaning products dishwasher
detergents
Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether
112-34-5
Neuro-toxicant that affects central nervous system
Deodorizers, floor care cleaning products, floor finishes
and carpet/upholstery cleaning products
Ethylene glycol
107-21-1
If swallowed in large amounts may cause death
Concrete sealer, floor finishes, cleaners
Formaldehyde, Formalin, Methylene
oxide, Methyl aldehyde
50-00-0
Carcinogen; eye and skin irritant
Toilet bowl cleaners, urinal blocks, portable toilet fluid,
plywood glue, floor finishes
Freon, Trichlorfluoro methane
75-69-4
May cause heart irregularities, unconsciousness and
death
Carpet spotters. carpet protectors
Glutaraldehyde
111-30-8
Mutagen, may cause respiratory sensitivity
Toilet bowl cleaners, concrete cleaners
Hexylene glycol
107-41-5
May be toxic to developing fetus; may cause loss of
consciousness
Cleaners and carpet/upholstery cleaning products
If splashed, causes severe burns to skin and eyes
Toilet bowl cleaners, concrete cleaners
Hydrochloric acid
7647-01-0
PRODUCT
WARNING – REASON
CAS NUMBER
WHERE COMMONLY FOUND
1-2 propanol (dipropylene glycol n-butyl
ether)
29911-28-2
Neurotoxicant
Floor finishes
Hydrofluorosilicic acid, Fluorosilicic acid
16961-83-4
Highly corrosive, causes burns to skin and eyes if
splashed; may cause damage to respiratory system
Laundry sours, aluminium truck washes
Hydrogen peroxide
Severe skin and eye irritant, strong oxidizer
Cleaners and disinfectants
Isopropyl Alcohol
7722-84-1
67-63-0
Toxic by SARA & NRPI. Carcinogenic
Glass Cleaners, Carpet Extraction,
Cleaners
Methanol
67-56-1
Toxic by SARA, NRPI & CERCLA. Air pollutant
Cleaners
Methylene chloride, Dichloromethane,
Methane dichloride
75-09-2
Carcinogen. May also cause liver, kidney and
reproductive damage Inhalation may cause brain damage.
Paint strippers, graffiti removers and
stain removers
Methyl ethyl ketone, 2-Butanone,
Monophenyl Ether
78-93-3
Highly toxic to the liver, kidney, skin, gastrointestinal and
central nervous system. May cause damage to the
developing fetus.
Strippers, degreasers, solvent cleaners
Monoethanolamine
141-43-5
Neurotoxicant; respiratory toxicant; skin or sense organ
toxicant
Cleaners
Morpholine
110-91-8
Highly corrosive, burns eyes, skin and can cause
blindness. May cause liver, kidney, lung and bronchi
damage.
Cleaning products, floor finishes,
furniture polishes
N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP)
872-50-4
Reproductive and developmental toxicant; may also
cause damage to the liver and kidneys; blood toxicant
Floor finish strippers, and polyurethane
floor finishes; carpet cleaners; general
purpose cleaners
Carcinogen (Prop. 65); extremely toxic, may cause blood,
kidney, liver, and gastrointestinal damage
Mothballs, pest repellents, urinal blocks
Endocrine disrupter, toxic to aquatic life
Neutral cleaners, strippers, paste
cleaners, laundry products and hard
surface cleaners, oven cleaners,
degreasers
Naphthalene
Nonyl phenol ethoxylate, Nonoxynol
4,6,7,9,10 (NPE), Ethoxylated nonyl phenol,
Octyl phenol ethoxylates (OPE)
91-20-3
9016-45-9
Paradichlorobenzene, p-Dichlorobenzene
1,4 Dichlorobenzene
106-46-7
Carcinogen, may also cause liver and kidney damage
Washroom deodorizers, urinal blocks
Perchloroethylene Perk
127-18-4
Carcinogen linked to liver cancer. Inhalation of fumes can
cause dizziness, loss of consciousness, nervous system
damage and death
Dry cleaning fluid, carpet spotters,
stainless steel cleaners, bonnet pad
cleaners, crystal cleaning fluid
Phenol
108-95-2
Toxic by SARA, NRPI & CERCLA. Air pollutant.
Teratogen
Degreasers, cleaners & bowl cleaners
Phenoxyethanol, Glycol mono phenyl ether
122-99-6
May impair fertility, suspected development toxicant
Hand cleaners and hand soaps
Phosphoric acid
7664-38-2
Extremely corrosive, burns eyes and skin on contact. May
cause damage to the central nervous system and
respiratory tract
Dishwasher detergents, metal cleaners,
toilet bowl cleaners, descaling agents
Potassium hydroxide
1310-58-3
Skin or sense organ toxicant
Degreasers, oven cleaners
107-98-2
Reproductive toxin. May also cause damage to the liver,
kidneys and central nervous system
Floor polishes, hard surface and
carpet/upholstery cleaning products
Silica (crystalline), Silicon dioxide
14808-60-7
Carcinogen; respirable dust can cause acute pulmonary
fibrosis (silicosis)
Cream cleansers, powder cleansers,
abrasive cleansers
Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate
25155-30-0
Gastrointestinal or liver toxicant. Neurotoxicant
Cleaners
Gastrointestinal or liver toxicant. Respiratory toxicant
Cleaners, sanitizers
Propylene glycol monomethyl ether
Sodium carbonate
497-19-8
PRODUCT
CAS
NUMBER
WARNING – REASON
WHERE COMMONLY FOUND
Sodium lauryl sulfate
151-21-3
Gastrointestinal or liver toxicant
Handsoap, abrasive cleaners
Sodium dichloroisocyanurate,
Dichloroisocyanuric acid sodium salt, Stabilized
chlorine bleach
2893-78-9
May cause liver and gastrointestinal damage, and
damage to the central nervous system. May also
cause acute pulmonary edema
Industrial detergents, swimming pool chlorine,
laundry bleach, toilet bowl blocks, dishwashing
detergents
Sodium hypochlorite, Hypochlorous acid, Clorox
bleach liquor
7681-51-9
Liver, skin, cardiovascular and neurotoxin. High
exposure can lead to vomiting and coma. Highly toxic
to shellfish and other aquatic and marine life
Bleach
Sulfuric acid
7664-93-9
Causes damage to respiratory system, eyes, skin,
teeth and lungs. Fatal if swallowed. Pulmonary edema
Toilet bowl cleaner. Toilet pipe block clearing
product
Tetrachloroethylene
127-18-4
Carcinogen, affects central nervous system, liver and
kidneys
Furniture polish, hard surface cleaners,
carpet/upholstery cleaning products
Toluene
108-88-3
May cause liver, kidney and brain damage and
damage to the developing fetus. High exposures can
lead to death
Graffiti removers
1,1,1 Trichloroethane, Methyl chloroform
71-55-6
May cause damage to kidneys and central nervous
system and depression of respiratory system. It also
depletes the ozone layer
Stainless steel cleaners, carpet/upholstery
cleaning products, degreasers
Trichloroethylene
79-01-6
Carcinogen, may cause liver, kidney and respiratory
damage. High exposures can lead to irregular
heartbeat and heart damage
Spot cleaners, degreasers
Triethanolamine (TEA)
111-42-2
May cause damage to liver and kidneys. Eye, skin &
respiratory irritant
Hard surface cleaners and carpet/upholstery
cleaning products
Triethylamine, diethylaminoethane
121-44-8
May cause damage to liver, kidneys and respiratory
tract. Ingestion may cause lung, heart and liver
damage
Disinfectants
Trisodium nitrilotriacetate
18662-53-8
5064-31-3
Carcinogen, may cause damage to kidneys and liver.
Impedes elimination of metals in wastewater
treatment
Floor finish strippers, dishwashing detergents,
carpet treatments, non phosphated laundry
detergents, water softeners
Turpentine
8006-64-2
May cause liver, kidney, bladder, central nervous and
respiratory system damage
Solvent in some paints and waxes
Xylene
1330-20-7
May cause liver, kidney and fetal damage. High
exposures could cause loss of memory, loss of
consciousness and death
Floor finishes, paint removers, laundry spot,
removers, ironing aids, lubricants
LIMITED USE SUBSTANCES:
WARNING - REASON
FOR LIMITED USE
LIMITED USE
(At use dilution)
WHERE COMMONLY FOUND
LIMITED USE
PRODUCT
CAS
NUMBER
Diethylene glycol
monomethyl ether, Methyl
carbitol, Methoxyethoxy
ethanol
111-77-3
May cause fetal damage.
Damage to liver & kidneys or
impair fertility in humans.
5% allowable as film forming agent
in floor finishes
Detergents and solvents, deodorizers. Floor
care cleaning products, floor finishes and
carpet/upholstery cleaning products
Diethylene glycol
monoethyl ether, Ethyl
carbitol
111-90-0
May cause damage to liver,
kidneys and central nervous
system
5% allowable as film forming agent
in floor finishes
Detergents and solvents, deodorizers, floor
care cleaning products, floor finishes and
carpet/upholstery cleaning products
Ethylenediaminetetraacet
ate (EDTA)
64-02-8
Does not meet biodegradability
standard.
Limited to 1% by volume
Cleaners, carpet/upholstery cleaning
products, Water treatment agents
Monoethanolamine (MEA)
141-43-5
May cause liver, kidney,
reproductive, and central
nervous system damage. In
high concentrations may cause
dizziness leading to coma.
5% allowable in a floor finish
stripper. "Product label must have a
warning of "NOT to be used by
someone who is pregnant."
Oven cleaners, tub and tile cleaners, laundry
pre-soaks, floor finish strippers,
carpet/upholstery cleaning products
HEALTH WARNING CATEGORY AND CHEMICAL:
CATEGORY
Carcinogen
Endocrine Disrupter
CHEMICAL
CAS NUMBER
Benzene
71-43-2
Carbon Tetrachloride
56-23-5
Cocamide diethanolamine
68603-42-9
Isopropyl Alcohol
67-63-0
Methylene chloride
75-09-2
Formaldehyde 37%, Formalin, Methylene oxide, Methyl aldehyde
50-00-0
Napthalene
91-20-3
Paradichlorobenzene, p-Dichlorobenzene, 1,4 Dichlorobenzene
106-46-7
Perchloroethylene, Perk
127-18-4
Silica (crystalline), Silicon dioxide
14808-60-7
Trisodium nitrilotriacetate
18662-53-8
Trisodium nitrilotriacetate
5064-31-3
Tetrachlorethylene
127-18-4
Trichloroethylene
79-01-6
Dibutyl phthalate
84-74-2
APE, NPE, OPE
9016-45-9
Reproductive and Fetal Damage
Neurotoxicant/Nervous System
Acetone
67-64-1
2 – Butoxyethanol, Butyl cellosolve, Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether AC-1650,
15548
111-76-2
Cyclohexanol
108-93-0
Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, Methyl carbitol
111-77-3
Methylene chloride, Dichloromethane, Methane dichloride
75-09-2
Methyl ethyl ketone, 2-Butanone
78-93-3
Monoethanolamine
141-43-5
N-methyl 2-pyrrolidone
872-50-4
Phenoxyethanol, Glycol monophenyl ether
122-99-6
Propylene glycol monomethyl ether
107-98-2
Toluene
108-88-3
Xylene
1330-20-7
Cyclohexanol
108-93-0
D-Limonene, 1-Methylcyclohexene
4-Isopropenyl
5989-27-5
Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether
112-34-5
Methyl ethyl ketone, 2-Butanone
78-93-3
Monoethanolamine
141-43-5
Perchloroethylene, Perk
127-18-4
Phosphoric Acid
7664-38-2
Sodium dichloroisocyanurate
Dichloro isocyanuric acid sodium salt
Stabilized Chlorine Bleach
2893-78-9
Sodium Hypochlorite, Hypochlorous acid,
7681-51-9
Clorox bleach liquor
Tetrachloroethylene
127-18-4
1,1,1 Trichloroethane, Methyl chloroform
71-55-6
Environmental & Health Effects of Common Toxic/Hazardous Chemicals
Sara 313
NRPI
CERCLA
Clean Air ActChemical Name
Toxic
Toxic
Hazardous
Air Pollutants
Chemicals Chemicals Substances
Ammonia
7664-41-7
*
*
*
Chlorine
7782-50-5
*
*
*
1, 2 Dichlorobenzene 95-50-5
*
*
*
Diethanolamine
111-42-2
*
Ethylene Glycol
107-21-1
*
*
*
*
CAS
Number
Formaldehyde
Hydrochloric Acid
Isoproply Alcohol
Methanol
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Phenol
Phosphoric Acid
Sulfuric Acid
Toluene
Dibutyl Phthlate
Butyl Cellasolve
(Glycol Ether)
Carbon Tetrachloride
Sources:
50-0-0
*
7647-01-0
*
*
*
*
*
*
67-63-0
*
*
67-56-1
78-93-3
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
108-95-2
*
*
*
*
7664-38-2
7664-93-9
108-88-3
84-74-2
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
111-76-2
*
*
56-23-5
*
*
Carcinogenic Teratogen
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Cleaners, Strippers
Bowl Cleaners/Bleach
Deodorant Blocks
Cleaners, Strippers
Pre Spotters, Floor
Polish, Cleaners
Floor Polish, Preservative
Bowl Cleaners, De-Limers
*
*
Products Used In
Glass Cleaners, Carpet
Extraction, Cleaners
Cleaners
Solvent Cleaning
Degreasers, Cleaners,
Bowl Cleaners
Bowl Cleaners, Derusting
Drain Opener
Solvent Cleaning
Floor Polish
Cleaners
*
*
Solvent Cleaners
NPRI – NPRI List
The Green Encyclopedia – Irene Frank & David Brownstone
CERCLA – Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act – Release
of hazardous substances in spills and fro inactive or abandoned disposal sites
SARA 313 – Toxic Chemicals
6.
COMMONLY USED HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS
• The aforementioned are hazardous; therefore, must be limited subject to product
performance, overall human safety and environmental soundness.
• The preceding lists are not intended to be complete, but rather to demonstrate. A good
resource for the impact of cleaning products is: www.scorecard.org/chemical-profiles/ Enter the CAS number and a report will be given.
• You should try to eliminate or at least reduce these chemicals. Where not possible, select
products with the least amount of the ingredients by percentage at the product use dilution
rate.
7.
CLEANING TENDERS/BIDS-PRODUCTS GUIDELINES
OBJECTIVE:
Provide guidelines to bidders to promote compliance with industry standards with respect to
the following four areas:
1. Product Performance
2. Occupational Health and Safety
3. Environmental Stewardship
4. Employee Training and Support
7.
CLEANING TENDERS/BIDS-PRODUCTS GUIDELINES
WHY:
• The main reason for going green is for the health of yourself, your staff, the people who
work in your buildings and the visitors to your facilities. In addition, you should go green
for your environment – air, water, and land.
• It is a fact: traditional cleaning, floor care, carpet care, washroom car and odour control
products are hazardous to people and the environment. While the degree of hazard varies,
the fact of the matter is the by going green, you can very quickly, easily and profoundly
make a difference without impacting performance as well as labour and product cost.
7.
CLEANING TENDERS/BIDS-PRODUCTS GUIDELINES
HOW:
• The key is to understand what green is; what are the variables, considerations, and criteria
of green; and how to know a product is green given all the misinformation and “spin”
being disseminated by many manufacturers, both large and small.
• Going green should not be a destination, but rather a journey. The key is to start. Do not
procrastinate. Start with one product or one area of cleaning and make a change. Your
efforts will be rewarded. The choices are yours. Do you want safer cleaning products?
Do you want to just “talk the walk” or do you want to be a positive catalyst and “walk the
walk”.
• Demonstrate your commitment to helping create a greener, cleaner and safer future. Make
a difference today that will affect tomorrow. Choose to be green and clean.
7.
CLEANING TENDERS/BIDS-PRODUCTS GUIDELINES
A SOUND PRINCIPLE:
• The precautionary principle requires authorities to take preventive action when there is a
risk of severe and irreversible damage.
• Action is required, even in the absence of certainty about possible ensuing damage and
without waiting for full scientific proof of the cause-effect relationship.
• When disagreement exists about the need to take action, the burden of proof must be
reversed and placed on those who contend the activity will not have an impact.
Source – The National Round Table on the Enviroment and the Economy: Sustainable Strategies for Oceans. 1998.
7.
CLEANING TENDERS/BIDS-PRODUCTS GUIDELINES
FACTORS:
• Every decision you make for your facility very likely takes into account three important
factors:
1. Price
2. Performance
3. Protection
7.
CLEANING TENDERS/BIDS-PRODUCTS GUIDELINES
FACTORS:
• Price – Because you have been carefully chosen to be entrusted with a portion
of your facility’s budget and you take this responsibility seriously;
• Performance – Because you know that the Price is only a value as long as the
product or service delivers the promised benefits to your facility;
• Protection – Because the well-being of both your cleaning staff and your
occupants count on your consideration of their safety.
7.
CLEANING TENDERS/BIDS-PRODUCTS GUIDELINES
WEIGHED IN THE BALANCE:
• If Price & Performance were the only factors, your facility would be using only highly
aggressive, economical but dangerous chemicals like bleach, ammonia and muriatic acid.
• If any other combination of any tow factors were considered alone then you know you
would not be acting in the best interest of your facility.
No, you need all three and people depend on you to deliver.
7.
CLEANING TENDERS/BIDS-PRODUCTS GUIDELINES
PRODUCT PERFORMANCE GUIDELINES:
• Products to perform as well or better then their traditional counterparts as determined by
use and testing by the end user.
• Disinfectants are to have EPA and as/if required, Government of Canada, Health Canada
approval.
• Floor finishes are to have Underwriters Laboratories (UL) approval or verified by third
party to meet or exceed American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Slip
Coefficient standard of 0.55.
• Carpet cleaning products are to pass the Dupont Stainmaster Test.
• Characteristics of necessary anti-static floor finishes are to have been confirmed by a
laboratory approved by a Government Agency or equivalent.
7.
CLEANING TENDERS/BIDS-PRODUCTS GUIDELINES
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY:
• Product claims and effects are to have been confirmed by a recognized laboratory
approved by an agency of the Government or equivalent.
• Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHIMIS) Material Safety Data
Sheets (MSDS) are to be in the sixteen (16) part format and fully list ALL ingredients
contained in the products (not the less than 1% rule).
• Cleaning products are to contain no known or suspected carcinogens, mutagens,
teratogens, NPE or any ingredient found on the following lists of hazardous products:
 SARA 313
 CERCLA
 USA Clean Water, Section 112
 NRPI
7.
CLEANING TENDERS/BIDS-PRODUCTS GUIDELINES
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY:
• Products are to be acute non-toxic per WHIMIS/OSHA standards as tested by a recognized
laboratory approved by an agency of the Government or equivalent.
• Product are not to cause serious irritation, respiratory problems or damage to nasal
membranes (as presented in Section 3 of MSDS).
• Products at-use dilutions are to be non-flammable and non-corrosive.
• Where criteria exist, products are to be Green Seal and/or Environmental Choice Certified.
7.
CLEANING TENDERS/BIDS-PRODUCTS GUIDELINES
ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP:
• Product claims and effects are to have been confirmed by a recognized laboratory approved
by an agency of the Government or equivalent.
• Cleaning products are not to contain Nonyl Phenol Ethoxylate (NPE) Alky Phenol
Ethoxylate (APE), or any ingredient found on the following lists of hazardous products:
 SARA 313
 CERCLA
 USA Clean Water Act, Section 112
 NRPI
• Where criteria exist, products area to be Green Seal and/or Environmental Choice
Certified.
7.
CLEANING TENDERS/BIDS-PRODUCTS GUIDELINES
PRODUCT SUPPLIER TRAINING AND SUPPORT :
The product supplier must have a demonstrated capacity to provide the
following:
Dilution control systems
WHMIS training and support materials (such as wall-mounted information charts)
Written best practice procedures
Ability to train your staff in procedures
Trouble-shooting services
8.
Q’s & A’s
Thank You For Your Time And
Consideration!
Please Be Sure To Visit Our Web Site’s “Resource Center” for “Green”
“Presentations & Reports” well as “Other Helpful Sites”!