Law III
Chapter Two:
The nature and extent of crime.
The Nature and Extent of Crime:
Pages 40 – 73
Key Terms
Official Records
Uniform Crime Report (UCR)
Part I Crimes (Index Crimes)
Part II Crimes
Criminal Homicide
Murder
Manslaughter
More Key Terms
Forcible Rape
Robbery
Aggravated Assault
Burglary
Larceny/Theft
Motor Vehicle Theft
Arson
Still going
National Incident-Based Reporting System
(NIBRS)
Victim Surveys
National Crime Victimization Surveys
Self-Report Surveys
Brady Bill
Instrumental Crimes
And Going
Instrumental Crimes
Expressive Crimes
Masculinity Hypothesis
Chivalry Hypothesis
Liberal Feminist Theory
Career Criminals
Chronic Offender
Last One
Three Strikes Law
Official Records
Source of crime data gathered from the
records of a variety of sources including
schools, courts, police departments, social
service centers, and correctional agencies.
Uniform Crime Report
UCR
The best known and most widely sited
source of aggregate statistics compiled by
the Federal Bureau of Investigation from
information provided by over 17,00 police
departments.
Part I Crimes
Index Crimes
Those crimes included in the UCR data
collection effort. Criminal homicide,
forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault,
burglary, larceny/theft, motor vehicle theft,
and arson are included.
Known offenses and arrests are reported.
Part II Crimes
All other crimes included in the UCR,
except traffic violations.
Arrest data only are reported.
Criminal Homicide
Part I crime category that includes all acts
of murder, and non-negligent manslaughter
as well as manslaughter by negligence. Acts
of manslaughter are excluded from the
crime index.
Murder
The willful killing of another.
It excludes negligent killings, attempts to
kill, suicides, accidents and justifiable
homicides.
Manslaughter
Part I crime category that includes the
killing of another through gross negligence.
Traffic fatalities are excluded.
Forcible Rape
Part I category that involves the carnal
knowledge of a female against her will.
Robbery
Part I crime category that involves the
taking or attempted taking of anything of
value from the care, custody, or control of
another by force, threat of force, or by
putting the person in fear.
Aggravated Assault
Part I crime category that involves the
unlawful attack of another for the purpose
of inflicting severe or aggravated bodily
injury.
Act is usually accompanied by the use of a
weapon.
Simple assaults are excluded.
Burglary
Part I crime category that includes the
unlawful entry of a structure to commit a
felony or a theft.
Attempted forcible entry is included.
Larceny/Theft
Part I crime category that includes the
unlawful taking, carrying, leading, or riding
away of property from the possession of
another.
Deceptive theft acts such as embezzlement,
con games, forgery, and worthless checks
are excluded.
Motor Vehicle Theft
Part I crime category that involves the theft
or attempted theft of a propelled motor
vehicle that funs on a surface and not on
rails.
Motorboats, construction equipment,
airplanes and farming equipment are
excluded.
Arson
Part I crime category that involves any
willful or malicious act of burning or
attempted burning of a dwelling, house,
public building, motor vehicle, aircraft, or
personal property of another.
With or without the intent to defraud
National Incident-Based
Reporting System
NIBRS
A new form of crime data collection created
by the FBI requiring police agencies to
provide incident-level data on the event,
victim, and offender, and arrest outcomes
for 22 types of crime.
Victim Surveys
A source of crime data that involves asking
crime victims about their encounters with
criminals.
National Crime Victimization
Survey
NCVS
A large carefully drawn sample of citizens
used to estimate the total number criminal
incidents that occur every year in the U.S.
It is conducted by the bureau of census in
cooperation with the Bureau of Justice
Statistics and is the most well known form
of victim survey.
Self-Report Surveys
A source of crime data that involves
questionnaires administered to groups
designed to reveal information about their
law violations.
The Brady Bill
The Brady Handgun Violence Prevention
Act enacted into law on November 30th
1993. It imposed a five-day waiting period
before a licensed importer, manufacturer, or
dealer may sell, deliver, or transfer a
handgun to an unlicensed individual.
Instrumental Crimes
Crimes perpetrated to obtain desired goods
and services.
Expressive Crimes
Crimes committed by those living in
poverty as a means for expressing rage.
Masculinity Hypothesis
The view that women who commit crime do
so because they have biological or
physiological traits similar to those of men.
Chivalry Hypothesis
Assertion that female offenders and
defendants receive more lenient treatment
from the criminal justice system due to
society’s paternalistic or protective attitudes
towards women.
Liberal Feminist Theory
An ideology that contends that women will
suffer oppression, discrimination, and
disadvantage as a result of their gender. M
Calls for gender equality in society.
Career Criminals
The small group of offenders that account
for a majority of all offenses.
Chronic Offender
The theory that states a person will continue
crime for his/her lifetime.
This title is given to a person after a fifth
arrest.
Three Strikes Law
Justice Perspective sentencing codes that
require that an adult receive a life sentence
after being convicted of a third felony.