The system that organisms live
together is called an
ecosystem and all
ecosystem requires energy to
function.
Why is energy needed?
• Growth
• Movement
• Repair of cells and • Chemical
tissues
production
• Reproduction
Where does energy come from?
What is energy pyramid?
What is food chain?
What is food chain?
What is food chain?
What is food chain?
What is food chain?
What is food chain?
What is food chain?
What is food chain?
• Food chain demonstrates the
interconnectedness of all living
things. The relationships between
species are crucial to sustaining an
ecosystem. Often the role of a
particular species does not become
apparent until that species is lost.
• A food chain is a group of living
things that depend on one another
for energy. Energy is passed along
the food chain.
A food web is a more realistic way
of looking at the relationships of plants
and animals in an environment. A
food web illustrates the
interrelationships between several
food chains or pyramids.
CAUSES
INDUSTRIALIZATION
WATER
POLLUTION
AIR
POLLUTION
DEFORESTATION
mechanism
Carnivore
Omnivore
Producer
Herbivore
How does
energy flow?
• Primary
• Secondary
• Tertiary
Decomposer
EFFECTS
BIO-MAGNIFICATION
The increasing concentration of a
substance, such as a toxic chemical, in
the tissues of organisms at successively
higher levels in a food chain
DESERTIFICATION
"the process of fertile land transforming into
desert typically as a result of deforestation,
drought or improper/inappropriate
agriculture
IMPACT
Human activities affect the balance of food
chain.
Any change in one species will directly affect
those who depend on that species.
The impact of climate change affects ecosystem
MITIGATION
A regional ecosystem approach offers a
potentially enhanced system for crediting
mitigation that can help ensure that regional
conservation goals and objectives are
accomplish.
• DEFENDERS OF WILDLIFE
- a nonprofit organization devoted to the
protection of all native wild animals and plants in
their natural communities
• INTERNATIONAL CORAL REEF INITIATIVE
- In 1994, Australia, the United States and six
other nations founded this organization. to
encourage preservation of reefs endangered by
pollution, overfishing and other causes. In the
future, sanctuaries and international agreements
will provide major means of conserving these
ecosystems.
• THE INTERNATIONAL MARINE LIFE ALLIANCE
- based in the Philippines, is convincing
fishermen to catch fish in hand nets, rather
than poison or dynamite reefs.
• THE GLOBAL CORAL REEF ALLIANCE
- investigating diseases that are afflicting reefs
through scientific research
• GREENPEACE INTERNATIONAL
- has been active in conducting worldwide
surveys of the deterioration of coral reefs.
• Congress of the Philippines
Eleventh Congress
July 30, 2001
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9147
•
AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE CONSERVATION
AND PROTECTION OF WILDLIFE RESOURCES AND
THEIR HABITATS, APPROPRIATING FUNDS
THEREFOR AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
CONCLUSION and
RECOMMENDATION
• The world environmental situation is likely to
be further aggravated by the increasingly
rapid, large scale global extinction of species.
It occurred in the 20th century at a rate that
was a thousand times higher than the average
rate during the preceding 65 million years.
This is likely to destabilize various ecosystems
including agricultural systems.
In a slow extinction, various balancing
mechanisms can develop. No one knows what
will be the result of this extremely rapid
extinction rate. What is known, for sure, is
that the world ecological system has been
kept in balance through a very complex and
multifaceted interaction between a huge
numbers of species
.This rapid extinction is therefore likely to
precipitate collapses of ecosystems at a global
scale. This is predicted to create large-scale
agricultural problems, threatening food
supplies to hundreds of millions of people.
This ecological prediction does not take into
consideration the effects of global warming
which will further aggravate the situation.