INTRODUCTION TO CHARM
A SHORT HISTORY
of
DISASTER MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENTS
IN THE PACIFIC REGION
POST WORLD WAR II / COLD WAR ERA
CIVIL DEFENCE
Developed
Countries
OR
CIVIL PROTECTION
Derived from WW2 model
Located in President / PM Office / Internal Affair
Protection, Preservation of Civilian Life &
Property
PREPARE FOR and RESPOND TO events :
P
R
Multi disciplinary
Early 80,s
1982–86 Disaster Preparedness Project:
Pacific
Island
Development
Project,
Honolulu
FORUM
USA
Mid 80’s
Late 80’s
FORUM
AUSTRALIA
Early 90’s
UN
1988-90 Disaster Preparedness Project: US
Agency for International Development,
SUVA
1985 Disaster Coordination Unit,
Forum Secretariat, Suva
Pacific Disaster Preparedness
Emergency Management Australia
Project:
1990-99 UN International Decade for Natural
Disaster Reduction
1994-2000 South Pacific Disaster Reduction
Project
Late 90’s
FORUM
AUSTRALIA
Early Millennium
UN
SOPAC & PICs
1995 SOPAC to coordinatee all disaster and
risk management functions
1998 AusAID Review
2000 ISDR
July 2000 DMU Established
2001 CHARM launched
NDMO CORE FUNCTIONS
1990’s
PPRR
Major focus P R
coordination
q
planning, equipping, training and exercising
q
FOCUS on MANAGEMENT IMPACT TYPE EVENTS
Limited Input
LONG-TERM
Policies, Programmes, Visions
prevention and recovery
Prevention and Recovery DOMAIN of other DEPTS.
EMERGING CONCEPTS
RISK MANAGEMENT
SAFER COMMUNITIES
•INCREASE RESILIENCE – reducing vulnerability
•COMMUNITY SUSTAINABILITY
–
wise
management in utilisation of resources
RE-FOCUS:
• Manage broader range of Sources of Risk
•Effective Management of Disaster Situation
REQUIRES
Whole of Country Approach
All Agencies Interacting
Maintain Credibility
Transparency
Responsibility
Accountability
*INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURES
The All Hazards, Whole of Country
Comprehensive Approach to
Hazard and Risk Management
requires that programmes and processes:

Address all hazards including natural,
human-induced, technological, biological and
environmental

Adopt all appropriate risk treatments,
including prevention / mitigation,
preparedness, response and recovery
cont’d
Integrate the efforts of all relevant regional and
national organisations and agencies, public
sector, NGOs, and community organisations
Link to national development planning and
decision-making processes / systems
Seek to develop prepared communities with
reduced vulnerability to risk and with increased
resilience to the impact of hazards and
Seek to strengthen multi-sectoral
collaboration and partnerships
Risk Management Principles
• Risk management embraces the continuum of activities
of prevention, preparedness, response and recovery
from disasters.
• National risk management is government responsibility
using existing core decision-making structures of
government
• Declaration of an emergency should be made at an
appropriate level of government
• Everyone is a stakeholder and emergencies is best
handled at the district/island level whenever possible
• Recognising the involvement of all the authoritative
spheres of influence within the community
CHARM
A comprehensive hazard and risk
management tool and / or process
within the context of an integrated
national development planning process.
Principles Underpinning CHARM
Development
• (a)
Linking
CHARM
with
national
development strategies whilst using existing
decision-making processes.
• (b) Developing appropriate communication,
consultation and information management
systems
to
facilitate
coordination,
collaboration,
reporting
and
sharing
information
within
departments,
with
stakeholders and with the communities.
• Acknowledging that the CHARM approach is a
powerful cost saving and easy to use tool in the
reduction of risks that is vital to enhancing equitable
and sustainable national development through wise
use of resources.
• Ensuring that CHARM is promoted appropriately
at the highest level of government particularly with
Cabinet, key ministries and national development
committees.
• Ensuring clear articulation in legislations and
policies for nation-wide implementation of CHARM.
• Ensuring that appropriate training filters into
agency levels.
REGIONAL VISION
VULNERABILITY TO THE EFFECTS
OF NATURAL HAZARDS,
ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE AND
OTHER THREATS WILL BE
OVERCOME
Risk Management Process
C
O
M
M
U
N
I
C
A
T
E
A
N
D
C
O
N
S
U
L
T
ESTABLISH THE CONTEXT
M
O
N
I
T
O
R
IDENTIFY RISK
ANALYSE RISK
A
N
D
EVALUATE RISK
Yes
Accept
Risk
No
TREAT RISK
R
E
V
I
E
W
Key Elements
• identify and analyse each hazard against
national development priorities
• identify vulnerable sectors and their risk
factors in relation to each of the hazards
• determine the most appropriate treatment
options within integrated Mitigation,
Preparedness, Response and Recovery
programs
Key Elements
• identify what activities or projects are
already being implemented or proposed at
the country level and by regional
organisations
• identify programming gaps or needs that are
not being addressed
• determine lead responsibilities for managing
the implementation of the risk reduction
strategy
OUTCOME OF CHARM
• Accepting and identifying “cause-impacts”
or risk relations linking significant hazards and their
potential adverse, ripple impacts on future growth and
development
• Recognising that risks can be managed
• Availing a DECISION-MAKING tool for designing
of effective risk management programs
• Involving all government and NGO resources in
inter agency collaboration
• Analysing role and functions of NDMO & NDMC
• Identifying linkages / benefits between all the
stakeholders
Development Goals
at
Country Level
• Advocate to Senior Executives &
Politicians
• Involve senior key postholders
• Mainstream into national implementation
arrangements
Development Requirement
Regional Level
• Advocate / Promote to and Coordinate with
CROP agencies
• Enhance Region-wide approach and
uniform guideline / standard
• Advocate to and Encourage Proactive
Donor support
IMPLEMENATION
GUIDELINE : Major Steps
• Introductory working sessions
• Sensitising key government ministries and
NGO’s
• Developing an Action Plan
• Conducting an all agency Workshop
• Designing the draft support programme
• Designing the CHARM policy document
IMPLEMENATION
GUIDELINE : Major Steps
• Conducting a follow-up country meeting
• Preparing an annual task activity statement
• Establishing monitoring, review and
reporting mechanism
Application
• SPC – MASLR : Fruit- Fly =>Pest and
Disease Threats
• Foot-and-Mouth; Taro Blight are the most
significant threats
• Draft ERP
• To in-build Prevention and Recovery
Strategies in Work Programmes
RISK
TREATMENT
OPTIONS
National Water
Strategy Plan
Development
of regional
and local maps
and plans
Infrastructure
Upgrading
Public
awareness
IMP. AGENCY
SUPPORT
AGENCIES
FUNDS
Ministry of
National
Planning
Works &
Energy
Regional
FAB,
Health,
MRD,
NLTB,
Lands,
Agriculture
Finance,
Town
Planning,
Donors,
Reg Dev &
others
Ministry of
Works
Works
Ministry of
Works
NATIONAL
DEVELOPME
NT
PROGRAM
SECTORIAL
DEVELOPME
NT
PROGRAM
EXISTING
MEASURE
S
GAPS
PRIORIT
Y
Budget
&
Donor
National
development
program
Need to
develop
water
resource
sector, multi
sectorally
none
Strate
gy
and
legisl
ation
(1)
Same as
supporti
ng
agencie
s
National
development
plan /
strategy
utilities and
infrastructure
s
In
existence
Priori
tise
for
imple
menta
tion
(2)
Finanace
Donors
Public
Planning
Same as
Support
ing
Agencie
s
As above
In
existence
(2)
Education
NDMO,
NGO,
Health
Donors
Educati
on
Finance
As above
Stren
gthen
&
priorit
ise
fundi
ng aid
Multisectoral
approach
None or
limited
(1)