Chapter 3
Input and Output
Discovering
Computers 2012
Your Interactive Guide
to the Digital World
Objectives Overview
Define input and differentiate
among a program, command, and
user response
Identify the keys and buttons
commonly found on desktop
computer keyboards, and
describe how keyboards for
mobile computers and devices
differ from desktop computer
keyboards
Describe different mouse types
and explain how to use a mouse
Describe various types of touch
screens and explain how a touchsensitive pad works
Describe various types of pen
input, and identify other types of
input for smart phones
Summarize the purpose of various
game controllers
See Page 257
for Detailed Objectives
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
2
Objectives Overview
Explain how resolution
affects the quality of a
picture captured on a
digital camera
Describe the uses of
voice recognition,
Web cams, and video
conferencing
Discuss how various
scanners and reading
devices work
Summarize the various
biometric devices
Discuss how POS
terminals, automated
teller machines, and
DVD kiosks work
Identify alternative
input devices for
physically challenged
users
See Page 257
for Detailed Objectives
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
3
Objectives Overview
Describe the types of
output
Explain the
characteristics of
various display
devices
Describe various
ways to print
See Page 303
for Detailed Objectives
Describe the factors
that affect the quality
of an LCD monitor or
LCD screen
Differentiate
between a
nonimpact printer
and an impact printer
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
4
Objectives Overview
Summarize the characteristics of
ink-jet printers, photo printers,
laser printers, multifunction
peripherals, thermal printers,
mobile printers, label and
postage printers, and plotters
and large-format printers
Describe the uses and
characteristics of speakers,
headphones, and earbuds
Identify the purpose and
features of data projectors,
interactive whiteboards, and
force-feedback game controllers
and tactile output
Identify output options for
physically challenged users
See Page 303
for Detailed Objectives
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
5
What Is Input?
• Input is any data and instructions entered into the
memory of a computer
Pages 258 – 259
Figure 5-1
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
6
What Is Input?
• Instructions can be entered into the computer in the
form of programs, commands, and user responses
A program is a series of related
instructions that tells a computer what
tasks to perform and how to perform
them
Programs respond to commands that a
user issues
A user response is an instruction a user
issues by replying to a question
displayed by a program
Pages 258 - 259
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
7
What Are Input Devices
An input device
is any hardware
component that
allows users to
enter data and
instructions into
a computer
Page 260
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
8
The Keyboard
• A keyboard is an input device that contains keys
users press to enter data and instructions into a
computer
Page 260
Figure 5-2
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
9
The Keyboard
• Most desktop computer keyboards have…
Pages 260 - 261
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
10
The Keyboard
• The insertion point, also known as the cursor, is a
symbol on the screen that indicates where the
next character you type will appear
Page 261
Figure 5-3
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
11
The Keyboard
Wired
Keyboards
Wireless
Keyboards
USB port
Bluetooth
IrDA
Page 262
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
12
The Keyboard
• An ergonomic keyboard has a design that reduces
the chance of wrist and hand injuries
• Ergonomics incorporates comfort, efficiency, and
safety into the design of the workplace
Page 262
Figure 5-4
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
13
The Keyboard
• Keyboards on mobile devices typically are smaller
and/or have fewer keys
• Some phones have predictive text input, which
saves time when entering text using the phone’s
keypad
Pages 262 – 263
Figure 5-5
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
14
Pointing Devices
Page 263
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
15
Mouse
• A mouse is a pointing device that fits under the
palm of your hand comfortably
– Most widely used pointing device on desktop
computers
• A mouse can be wired or wireless
Pages 263 – 264
Figures 5-6 and 5-7
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
16
Mouse
• Mouse operations
Point
Click
Right-click
Double-click
Triple-click
Drag
Right-drag
Rotate
wheel
Tilt wheel
Press thumb
button
Free-spin
wheel
Page 264
Figure 5-8
Press wheel
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
17
Pages 265 – 266
Figures 5-9 – 5-11
• A touchpad is
a small, flat,
rectangular
pointing
device that is
sensitive to
pressure and
motion
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
Pointing Stick
• A trackball is a
stationary
pointing
device with a
ball on its top
or side
Touchpad
Trackball
Other Pointing Devices
• A pointing
stick is a
pressuresensitive
pointing
device shaped
like a pencil
eraser that is
positioned
between keys
on a keyboard
18
Touch Screens and Touch-Sensitive Pads
• A touch screen is a touch-sensitive display device
Page 266
Figures 5-12 – 5-13
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
19
Touch Screens and Touch-Sensitive Pads
Microsoft Surface
Page 267
Figures 5-14 – 5-15
Touch-sensitive pads
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
20
Pen Input
• With pen input, you touch a stylus or digital pen on a flat
surface to write, draw, or make selections
Page 268
Figure 5-16
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
21
Other Input for Smart Phones
Page 269
Figures 5-17 – 5-18
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
22
Game Controllers
• Video games and computer games use a game controller
as the input device that directs movements and actions
of on-screen objects
Gamepads
Joysticks and
Wheels
Dance pads
Pages 270 - 271
Light guns
Motionsensing
controllers
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
23
Game Controllers
Page 270
Figure 5-19
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
24
Digital Cameras
• A digital camera is a mobile device that allows
users to take pictures and store them digitally
Studio cameras
Field cameras
Point-and-shoot camera
Page 272
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
25
Digital Cameras
Page 272
Figure 5-20
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
26
Digital Cameras
• Two factors affect the quality of digital camera photos:
• Resolution is the number of horizontal
and vertical pixels in a display device
• A pixel is the smallest element in an
electronic display
Resolution
Number of bits
stored in each
pixel
Page 273
• Each pixel consists of one or more bits of
data
• The more bits used to represent a pixel,
the more colors and shades of gray that
can be represented
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
27
Voice Input
• Voice input is the
process of entering
input by speaking into a
microphone
• Voice recognition is the
computer’s capability of
distinguishing spoken
words
Page 274
Figure 5-22
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
28
Voice Input
• Audio input is the process of entering any sound
into the computer
Speech
Music
Sound Effects
Page 274
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
29
Voice Input
• Music production software allows users to record,
compose, mix, and edit music and sounds
Page 274
Figure 5-23
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
30
Video Input
• Video input is the process of capturing full-motion images and
storing them on a computer’s storage medium
Record video on a digital video (DV) camera or use a
video capture card to convert analog signals to digital
Connect the camera to a port on the system unit
Transfer video and images
Page 275
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31
Video Input
Page 275
Figure 5-24
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
32
Video: Video Editing on Your Computer
CLICK TO START
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
33
Video Input
• A Web cam is a type of digital video camera that
enables a user to:
Capture video and
still images
Send e-mail
messages with
video attachments
Broadcast live
images over the
Internet
Pages 275 - 276
Add live images to
instant messages
Make video
telephone calls
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
34
Video Input
• A video conference is a meeting between two or
more geographically separated people
Pages 276 – 277
Figures 5-25 – 5-26
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
35
Scanners and Reading Devices
Flatbed
Pen or Handheld
Sheet-fed
Drum
Page 277
Figure 5-27
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
36
Scanners and Reading Devices
Page 278
Figure 5-28
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
37
Scanners and Reading Devices
• Optical character recognition (OCR) involves reading
characters from ordinary documents
• A turnaround document is a document you return to the
company that creates and sends it
Page 279
Figures 5-29 – 5-30
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
38
Scanners and Reading Devices
• Optical mark
recognition (OMR)
reads hand-drawn
marks such as small
circles or rectangles
• An OMR device scans
the documents and
matches the patterns of
light
Page 279
Figure 5-31
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
39
Scanners and Reading Devices
• A bar code reader, also
called a bar code
scanner uses laser
beams to read bar
codes
Page 280
Figure 5-32
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
40
Scanners and Reading Devices
• RFID (radio frequency identification) uses radio signals to
communicate with a tag placed in or attached to an object
• An RFID reader reads information on the tag via radio waves
• RFID can track:
Tracking times of
runners in a
marathon
Tracking location
of soldiers
Managing
inventory
Page 280
Employee
wardrobes
Gauging pressure
and temperature
of tires
Airline baggage
Checking out
library books
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
Checking lift
tickets of skiers
Tracking toll
payments
41
Scanners and Reading Devices
• Magnetic stripe card readers read the magnetic
stripe on the back of cards such as:
Credit cards
Entertainment cards
Bank cards
Other similar cards
Page 281
Figure 5-34
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
42
Scanners and Reading Devices
• MICR (magnetic ink character recognition) devices read text
printed with magnetized ink
• An MICR reader converts MICR characters into a form the
computer can process
• Banking industry uses MICR for check processing
Page 281
Figure 5-35
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
43
Scanners and Reading Devices
• Data collection devices
obtain data directly at
the location where the
transaction or event
takes place
• Used in:
–
–
–
–
–
Page 282
Figure 5-36
Restaurants
Grocery stores
Factories
Warehouses
The outdoors
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
44
Biometric Input
• Biometrics authenticates a person’s identity by
verifying a personal characteristic
Fingerprint
reader
Face
recognition
system
Hand
geometry
system
Voice
verification
system
Signature
verification
system
Iris recognition
system
Retinal
scanners
Pages 282 - 283
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
45
Biometric Input
hand
geometry
system
iris
recognition
system
fingerprint
reader
Pages 282 – 283
Figures 5-37 – 5-39
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
46
Terminals
• A terminal is a computer that allows users to send data to
and/or receive information from a host computer
A POS terminal
records purchases,
processes
payment, and
updates inventory
Pages 284 – 285
Figures 5-40 – 5-42
An automated
teller machine
(ATM) allows users
to access their
bank accounts
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
A DVD kiosk is a
self-service DVD
rental machine
47
Input Devices for Physically Challenged Users
• Several input devices are available to assist
physically challenged users:
Keyguard
Keyboards
with larger
keys
Headmounted
pointer
Page 286
On-screen
keyboard
Gesture
recognition
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
Various
pointing
devices
Computerized
implant
devices
48
Input Devices for Physically Challenged Users
Keyboard with larger keys
Page 286
Figures 5-44 – 5-45
Head-mounted pointer
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
49
What Is Output?
• Output is data that has been processed into a
useful form
Pages 304 – 305
Figure 6-1
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
50
What Is Output?
• An output device is any type of hardware
component that conveys information to one or
more people
Display devices
Interactive
whiteboards
Page 305
Printers
Speakers,
headphones,
and earbuds
Force-feedback
game
controllers
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
Data projectors
Tactile output
51
Display Devices
• A display device visually
conveys text, graphics,
and video information
• A monitor is packaged
as a separate peripheral
– LCD monitor
– Widescreen
Pages 306 – 207
Figures 6-2 – 6-3
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
52
Display Devices
• Liquid crystal display (LCD) uses a liquid
compound to present information on a display
device
Page 308
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53
Display Devices
• The quality of an LCD monitor or LCD screen
depends primarily on:
Resolution
Response time
Dot pitch
Pages 308 - 310
Brightness
Contrast ratio
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
54
Display Devices
• Resolution is the
number of
horizontal and
vertical pixels in a
display device
– A higher
resolution uses a
greater number of
pixels
Pages 308 – 309
Figure 6-5
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
55
Display Devices
• The graphics processing unit (GPU) controls the
manipulation and display of graphics on a display device
• LCD monitors use a digital signal and should plug into a
DVI port, an HDMI port, or a DisplayPort
Page 310
Figure 6-6
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
56
Display Devices
• Plasma monitors are display devices that use gas
plasma technology and offer screen sizes up to
150 inches
Page 311
Figure 6-8
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
57
Display Devices
• Televisions also are a
good output device
– Require a converter if you
are connecting your
computer to an analog
television
• Digital television (DTV)
offers a crisper, higherquality output
• HDTV is the most
advanced form of digital
television
Page 312
Figure 6-9
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
58
Video: SID: Size Matters
CLICK TO START
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
59
Display Devices
• A CRT monitor is a desktop monitor that contains
a cathode-ray tube
– Have a much larger footprint than do LCD monitors
Page 313
Figure 6-10
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
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Printers
• A printer produces
text and graphics on
a physical medium
– Printed information
is called a hard copy,
or printout
– Landscape or portrait
orientation
Page 313
Figure 6-11
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
61
Printers
Before purchasing a printer, ask yourself a series of questions:
Page 314
Figure 6-12
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
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Printers
Page 315
Figure 6-13
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
63
Printers
• A nonimpact printer forms characters and
graphics on a piece of paper without actually
striking the paper
Ink-jet
printers
Photo
printers
Mobile
printers
Label and
postage
printers
Page 315
Laser
printers
Thermal
printers
Plotters
Largeformat
printers
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
64
Printers
• An ink-jet printer forms characters and graphics by
spraying tiny drops of liquid ink onto a piece of paper
– Color or black-and-white
– Printers with a higher dpi (dots per inch) produce a higher
quality output
Pages 316 – 317
Figure 6-15
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65
Printers
Page 317
Figure 6-16
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
66
Printers
A photo printer produces color
photo-lab-quality pictures
• Most use ink-jet technology
• PictBridge allows you to print photos
directly from a digital camera
• Print from a memory card and preview
photos on a built-in LCD screen
Page 318
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67
Printers
Page 318
Figure 6-17
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
68
Printers
Highspeed
Blackandwhite
Laser
printer
Highquality
Color
Pages 319 - 320
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
69
Printers
Page 320
Figure 6-19
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
70
Printers
• A multifunction peripheral (MFP) is a single
device that prints, scans, copies, and in some
cases, faxes
– Sometimes called an all-in-one device
Pages 320 – 321
Figure 6-20
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
71
Printers
• A thermal printer generates images by pushing
electrically heated pins against the heat-sensitive
paper
Thermal wax-transfer
printer
Dye-sublimation
printer
Page 321
Figure 6-21
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
72
Printers
• A mobile printer is a
small, lightweight,
battery-powered printer
that allows a mobile
user to print from a
notebook computer,
smart phone, or other
mobile device
Page 321
Figure 6-22
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
73
Printers
• A label printer is a small printer that prints on
adhesive-type material
• A postage printer prints postage stamps
– Postage also can be printed on other types of printers
Page 322
Figure 6-23
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
74
Printers
• Plotters are used to produce high-quality
drawings
• Large-format printers create photo-realistic
quality color prints on a larger scale
Page 322
Figure 6-24
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
75
Printers
• Impact printers form characters and graphics on a
piece of paper by striking a mechanism against an
inked ribbon that physically contacts the paper
Dot-matrix
printer
Pages 322 - 323
Line
printer
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
76
Printers
• A dot-matrix printer
produces printed
images when tiny wire
pins on a print head
mechanism strike an
inked ribbon
• A line printer prints an
entire line at a time
Page 323
Figure 6-25
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
77
Speakers, Headphones, and Earbuds
• An audio output device produces music, speech,
or other sounds
Most computer users attach
speakers to their computers to:
• Generate higher-quality sounds for playing
games
• Interact with multimedia presentations
• Listen to music
• View movies
Page 323
Figure 6-26
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
78
Speakers, Headphones, and Earbuds
• Headphones are
speakers that cover or
are placed outside of
the ear
• Earbuds (also called
earphones) rest inside
the ear canal
Page 324
Figure 6-27
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
79
Speakers, Headphones, and Earbuds
• Some speakers are specifically designed to play
audio from a portable media player
– Wireless speakers
Page 324
Figure 6-28
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
80
Speakers, Headphones, and Earbuds
Voice output occurs when you hear a
person’s voice or when the computer
talks to you through the speakers
• Some Web sites dedicate themselves to
providing voice output
• Often works with voice input
• VoIP uses voice output and voice input
Page 325
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81
Other Output Devices
• Other output devices are available for specific
uses and applications
Data projectors
Interactive
whiteboards
Force-feedback
game
controllers
Tactile output
Page 325
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82
Other Output Devices
• A data projector is a
device that takes the
text and images
displaying on a
computer screen and
projects them on a
larger screen
– LCD projector
– Digital light processing
(DLP) projector
Pages 325 - 326
Figure 6-29
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
83
Other Output Devices
• An interactive whiteboard is a touch-sensitive
device, resembling a dry-erase board, that
displays the image on a connected computer
screen
Page 326
Figure 6-30
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
84
Other Output Devices
• Force-feedback sends
resistance to the device
in response to actions
of the user
• Tactile output provides
the user with a physical
response from the
device
Pages 326 – 327
Figure 6-31
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
85
Output Devices
for Physically Challenged Users
• Many accessibility options exist for users with
various disabilities
Pages 328 - 329
Figures 6-33 – 6-34
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
86
Putting It All Together
Page 285
Figure 5-43
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
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Putting It All Together
Page 285
Figure 5-43
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
88
Putting It All Together
Page 285
Figure 5-43
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
89
Putting It All Together
Page 327
Figure 6-32
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
90
Putting It All Together
Page 327
Figure 6-32
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
91
Putting It All Together
Page 327
Figure 6-32
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
92
Summary
Page 287
Various techniques of entering
input
Several commonly used input
devices
Keyboard, mouse, and other
pointing devices; touch screens,
pen input, other input for smart
phones, game controllers, digital
cameras, voice input, video input,
scanners and reading devices,
biometric input, and terminals
Input devices for physically
challenged users
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
93
Summary
Various methods of output
Several commonly used
output devices
Display devices, printers,
speakers, headphones,
earbuds, data projectors,
interactive whiteboards,
force-feedback game
controllers, and tactile output
Page 329
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94
Chapter 3
Input and Output
Discovering
Computers 2012
Your Interactive Guide
to the Digital World
Chapter 3 Complete