IPv6 Introduction: Network and Applications

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Introduction to IPv6

Network & Application

Passakon Prathombutr

Next Generation Internet (NGI)

National Electronics and Computer Technology Center

IPv6: Why? & How?

USER Why?

How?

CARRIER

ISP

Why?

How?

DEVELOPER

RESEARCHER Why?

How?

2/19

Needs for IPv6

• Unlike Y2K

• IPv4-1970, IPv6-1990

• Exhaustion of IP (v4) addresses

• Why not IPv5?

– “5” becomes stream protocol, ST, assigned in version field of header.

• Enhance features

3/19

Technological Imperatives for

Adoption

• Need Killer Application?

• Network Address Translation (NAT)

– Not for IPSec, QoS, VoIP, Peer-to-Peer

• Dynamic Host Configuration

Protocol (DHCP)

• Classless Inter-Domain Routing

(CIDR)

4/19

What is IPv6?

• Internet Protocol Version 6 designed by

IETF to replace current IP (IPv4)

• More address spaces (128-bits)

• New header design and features

5/19

Header comparison

20 bytes

0 15 16 vers hlen TOS total length identification flags flag-offset

TTL protocol header checksum source address destination address options and padding

IPv4

31

40 bytes vers traffic class flow-label payload length next header hop limit source address destination address

IPv6

6/19

Removed (6)

ID, flags, flag offset

• TOS, hlen

• header checksum

Changed (3)

• total length => payload

• protocol => next header

• TTL => hop limit

Added (2)

• traffic class

• flow label

Expanded

• address 32 to 128 bits

Major Improvement of

IPv6 Header

• No Option field.

Replaced by extension header. Result in a fixed length, 40byte IP header.

• No header checksum.

Result in fast processing.

• No fragmentation at intermediate nodes .

Result in fast IP forwarding.

7/19

128-bit IPv6 Address

3FFE:085B:1F1F:0000:0000:0000: 00A9:1234

8 groups of 16-bit hexadecimal numbers separated by

Leading zeros can be removed

3FFE:85B:1F1F::A9:1234

::

= all zeros in one or more group of 16-bit hexadecimal numbers

8/19

Prefix Allocation

Type

Global (+anycast)

Link-local

Site-local

Multicast

Prefix (binary bits)

001

1111 1110 10

1111 1110 11

1111 1111

Range

2xxx to 3xxx

FE8x to FEBx

FECx to FEFx

FFxx

Link-local: Unreachable from other sites, equivalent to IPv4 private addr.

Site-local: Used to communicate with neighbor node on the same link.

Global Allocation:

2001::/16

2002::/16

3FFE::/16

Sub-TLA Assignment (by APNIC, ARIN, RIPE)

6to4 (simply generated from 1 public IPv4 address)

6bone (e.g., NECTEC got 3FFE:4016::/32)

9/19

Example on Windows XP

C:\> ipv6 if From router

Interface 4: Ethernet: Local Area Connection

{0220B018-5B2D-43A4-B44F-D2641F448EB0} uses Neighbor Discovery uses Router Discovery

Random link-layer address: 00-0e-a6-5b-15-87 preferred global 3ffe:4016:e000:1 : 7408:b672:b459:8f6b , life

6d20h36m49s/20h3 4m2s (anonymous) preferred global 3ffe:4016:e000:1 : 20e:a6ff:fe5b:1587 , life

29d23h53m56s/6d23 h53m56s (public) preferred link-local fe80::20e:a6ff:fe5b:1587 , life infinite multicast interface-local ff01::1, 1 refs, not reportable multicast link-local ff02::1, 1 refs, not reportable multicast link-local ff02::1:ff5b:1587, 2 refs, last reporter multicast link-local ff02::1:ff59:8f6b, 1 refs, last reporter link MTU 1500 (true link MTU 1500) current hop limit 64 reachable time 15000ms (base 30000ms) retransmission interval 1000ms

EUI-64 MAC

DAD transmits 1

10/19

Benefits of IPv6

• Improve efficiency in routing and packet handling

– Large addressing space and network prefixes – short and scalable routing table

– Header format is simpler than that of the IPv4 header – good for 64-bit processors

• Support Plug and Play address autoconfiguration/ renumbering

– Good for mobile IP wireless devices, and home appliances.

– Easier to transit from one provider to another.

11/19

Benefits of IPv6 (cont.)

• Support for embedded IPSec

– Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) and Authentication Header (AH) are parts of extension headers

• Improve support for multicast – No more broadcast addresses

• Eliminate the need for NAT

• Support for widely deployed routing protocols e.g., OSPFv3, IS-ISv6, RIPng and

BGP4+

12/19

Techniques for Transition

• Dual stack

• Between IPv6 islands via IPv4 cloud

– IPv6-over-4 configured tunnel, 6to4,

6over4, ISATAP, Tunnel broker (freenet6,

Hurricane Electric, TILAB)

• Between IPv6 and IPv4

– DSTM(Dual-Stack Transition Mechanism),

NAT-PT(Network Address Translation-

Protocol Translation), SIIT (Stateless IPv6-

IPv4 Translator), BIS(Bump-In-the-Stack),

BIA(Bump-In-the-API), TCP-UDP relay

13/19

6to4 Tunneling

2002:CA39:7CBA

6to4 network

IPv4 202.57.124.186

IPv6 2002:CA39:7CBA ::1/128

::2/128

6to4 router

Tunnel

IPv4

Network

IPv4 192.150.240.24

IPv6 2002:C096:F018 ::1/128

2002:C096:F018 ::2/128

6to4 router

6to4 network

IPv6 packet

Src. 2002:CA39:7CBA::2/128

Dest. 2002:C096:F018::2/128

IPv4 packet

Src. 202.57.124.186

Dest. 192.150.240.24

IPv6 packet

Src. 2002:CA39:7CBA::2/128

Dest. 2002:C096:F018::2/128

14/19

เครือข่าย IPv6

• 6NET (www.6net.org)

– A project to demonstrate how IPv6 technology can enable the continued growth of the internet.

• 6LINK (www.6link.org)

– A project that aims to foster an improved understanding of IPv6 development and deployment.

• 6BONE (www.6bone.net)

– An IPv6 Testbed of the IETF IPng project

• 6NGIX and 6KANet

– IPv6 Network Internet exchange

– IPv6 Korea Advanced Network

15/19

IPv6 sites

• http://www.freenet6.net/

• Freenet6 server delivers IPv6 connectivity for end stations using IPv6 over IPv4 tunnels. Computers connected to Internet can use this free service to get connected on the 6Bone.

• http://playground.sun.com/pub/ipng/html

• IP Next Generation (IPng) Working Group Home Page

• http://www.6bone.net

• 6bone Home Page

• http://www.euro6ix.net/

• European IPv6 exchange backbone. Jan02-05

• http://www.6ren.net

• 6ren Home Page

• http://ipng.ip6.fc.ul.pt

• University of Lisbon Science Faculty IPv6 testbed (in Portuguese)

• http://www.stardust.com/ipv6/index.htm

• Technology channel on Startdust.com for IPv6

• http://www.ipv6.ru/

• Russian National IPv6 Forum

• http://www.eurescom.de/public/projects/P700-series/P702/html/brochure.htm

• European Institute for Research and Strategic Studies in Telecommunications

• http://www.ipv6forum.com

• A world-wide consortium of leading Internet vendors, Research & Education Networks.

• http://hs247.com/

• IPv6 News & Links

16/19

Current Products/Applications

• *BSD, Linux, MS Windows 2000, XP, 9X,

NT, Solaris, MAC OS X, Open-VMS,

True64 Unix, HP-UX

• Cisco, Juniper, Nortel, Fujitsu, Hitachi,

GNU zebra, etc.

• WWW, DNS, Mail, FTP, Telnet, News,

Firewall, etc.

http://playground.sun.com/pub/ipng/html/ipng-implementations.html

http://www.deepspace6.net/docs/

17/19

www.ist-ipv6.org

18/19

Thank you

19/19

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