Soil that contains large quantities of calcium was most likely formed by the weathering of (1) rock salt (3) coal (2) quartzite (4) limestone Which two minerals have cleavage planes at right (90o) angles? (1) (2) (3) (4) Biotite Mica and Muscovite Mica Sulfur and Amphibole Quartz and Calcite Feldspar and Pyroxene Which sequence of change in rock type occurs as shale is subjected to increasing heat and pressure? (1) shale → schist → phyllite → slate → gneiss (2) shale → slate → phyllite → schist → gneiss (3) shale → gneiss → phyllite → slate → schist (4) shale → gneiss → phyllite → schist → slate 8/03 Which intrusive igneous rock could be composed of approximately 60% pyroxene, 25% plagioclase feldspar, 10% olivine, and 5% amphibole? (1) granite (3) gabbro (2) rhyolite (4) basalt The graph at left shows the hardness of four minerals. Which is hard enough to scratch calcite but NOT hard enough to scratch amphibole? (1) muscovite mica (3) olivine (2) fluorite (4) graphite Which igneous rock is probably best described as being non-vesicular and mafic? (1) andesite (3) gabbro (2) pegmatite (4) obsidian The diagram below shows four rock samples. Which sample best shows the characteristics normally associated with igneous rocks? (1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D Intergrown crystals The photograph shows an igneous rock. What is the origin and rate of formation of this rock? (1) plutonic with slow cooling (2) plutonic with rapid cooling (3) volcanic with slow cooling (4) volcanic with rapid cooling A geologist found a large quantity of mineral ore. The mineral exhibited fracture, was harder than glass, and had a metallic luster. The mineral is probably composed mostly of (1) NaCl (2) FeS2 (3) SiO2 (4) PbS Some of the bedrock in Vermont’s Green Mountains is actually green in color due to the presence of the mineral chlorite. Which other mineral can cause rocks to appear green? (1) sulfur (3) olivine (2) magnetite (4) halite Which property is most useful in distinguishing pyroxene from amphibole? (1) sample size (3) type of luster (2) hardness (4) angles of cleavage The table below shows some properties of four different minerals. The minerals in the table are varieties of which mineral? (1) garnet (3) quartz (2) magnetite (4) olivine Which three minerals contain high concentrations of the element Calcium (Ca)? (1) Sulfur, Fluorite, & Plagioclase (2) Talc, Pyrite, & Muscovite (3) Calcite, Amphibole, & Dolomite (4) Potassium Feldspar, Halite, & Garnet A series of layers (strata) of sedimentary rock have been deposited over millions of years, as shown in the diagram to the right. If magma pushes its way to the surface, and heats rocks along the way, many of these rocks will melt. The rest will not melt however, and will instead undergo a contact metamorphism. How about here? Quartzite! Which rock will be created in the contact metamorphic zone here? Marble! Under which crustal temperature and pressure conditions will andalusite form? (1) 300°C and 6000 atmospheres (2) 600°C and 4000 atmospheres (3) 500°C and 2000 atmospheres (4) 700°C and 8000 atmospheres Which graph correctly represents the three most abundant elements, by mass, in Earth’s crust? Rocks cannot be identified by physical properties like minerals can. This is principally due to 1) The variety of minerals of differing properties that make them 2) The difference between the hardness of their forms 3) Their lack of properties 4) The manner in which their environment of formation effects them Which processes formed the igneous rock granite that is mined in Vermont? (1) compaction and cementation of sediments (2) cooling and solidification of magma (3) uplift and weathering of bedrock (4) application of heat and pressure to shale Which rock was organically formed and sometimes contains fossilized plant impressions? (1) rock gypsum (3) breccia (2) phyllite (4) coal In addition to ash, solid rock formed on Mt. Hekla from the lava extruded during an eruption. This rock is most likely Mt. Hekla (1) light-colored metamorphic (2) fine-grained igneous (3) dark-colored metamorphic (4) coarse-grained igneous Base your answers to the questions on the flowchart, which shows a sequence of geologic processes at or near Earth’s surface. Box A has been deliberately left blank. The diagrams are not drawn to scale. Identify the three minerals that are normally found with quartz in samples of andesite rock. Plagioclase Feldspar Biotite Amphibole Pyroxene State one geologic process represented by box A. Uplift Weathering Erosion Identify by name one type of rock layer, other than sandstone, shown in the outcrop. Siltstone Conglomerate Limestone Base your answer on the drawings of six sedimentary rocks labeled A through F. Which table shows the rocks correctly classified by texture? These strata represent ancient history. Many millions of years ago a layer of siltstone and a layer of limestone were “intruded” by a felsic magma that cooled into granite. The granite intrusion caused metamorphism to part of the limestone. What metamorphic rock would be found in this zone of contact metamorphism? (1) marble (3) gabbro (2) quartzite (4) slate Which intrusive igneous rock could be composed of approximately 60% pyroxene, 25% plagioclase feldspar, 10% olivine, and 5% amphibole? (1) granite (2) rhyolite (3) gabbro (4) basalt Rock outcrop 1 contains 4 strata of sedimentary rock. Which strata is composed of sediments that are 0.08 cm? (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4 The diagram represents a sample of mineral A. Mineral A is most likely (1) garnet (3) olivine (2) galena (4) halite Which mineral can scratch A, B, and C, but can not scratch D ? (1) talc (3) fluorite (2) selenite gypsum (4) quartz Rock outcrops I and II each show three strata of rock, some of which contain fossils.