SLEEP & DREAMS
 HOW
MANY HOURS A NIGHT DO
YOU SLEEP DURING THE WEEK?
 ON A WEEKEND?
 AT WHAT TIMES THROUGHOUT THE
DAY DO YOU FEEL MOST TIRED?
 IF YOU DIDN’T HAVE SCHOOL WHAT
TIME WOULD YOU GO TO SLEEP/
WAKE UP?
 DO YOU THINK MOST AMERICANS
GET ENOUGH SLEEP – WHY/WHY
NOT?
SLEEP
Imagine...if
on the average,
people sleep 8 hours a day,
they are sleeping away 1/3 of
their life.
How much is that?
Well,
8 hours of sleep every
day is the same as 233,600
hours of sleep by the time
you are 80 years old.
That's the same as sleeping
26.67 years!!!
Much
of the body’s activities
including the desire to sleep are
governed by:
Circadian
clock
rhythm = biological
STAGES of SLEEP
Defined
in terms of brain
wave patterns
Measured by
Electroencephalograph (EEG)
Cyclical
Beta, alpha, theta, delta
waves
EEG (electroencephalogram) which shows a record of brain activity
EMG (electromyogram) shows muscle activity
EOG (electroculogram) shows eye movements
STAGES of SLEEP
Slow
SWS
Wave Sleep (SWS)
sleep is actually 4
different stages of sleep
(Stage 1, Stage 2, Stage 3 &
Stage 4) with different EEG
patterns.
STAGES of SLEEP
Slow
Wave Sleep (SWS)
Stage 1 = lightest sleep;
= dreamlike
images/photos
Then to stages 2, 3, & 4
Stage 4 = deepest sleep
Back to stages 3, 2, 1
90 minutes passed
STAGES of SLEEP
Rapid
Eye Movement =
(REM) sleep
Breathe
more irregularly, BP
rises, heart beats faster
F.Y.I.
 Infants
spend about 50% of their
sleep time in SWS and 50% in
REM sleep
 Adults spend about 20% of their
sleep time in REM and 80% in
SWS sleep
 Elderly people spend less than
15% of their sleep time in REM
sleep.
REM Sleep
Dreaming
occurs
Eyes move back and forth
rapidly
EEG pattern during REM sleep
is similar to the EEG when you
are awake

However, the EMG is very quiet during REM sleep one theory is that during REM sleep, the muscles are
inactive so that we will not act out our dreams. This also
means that sleepwalkers are not in REM sleep and are
not acting out their dreams.
Why Sleep?
SLEEP DEPRIVATION
 WHAT
PROBLEMS COULD LACK OF
SLEEP CAUSE FOR OUR SOCIETY?
 HOW
COULD LACK OF SLEEP
PROBLEMS BE SOLVED?
Reasons for Sleep
Revive
tired body
Build up resistance to
infection
Tissue maintenance, secretion
of hormones involved in
development
Psychological functions =
recover from stress
Sleep deprivation
Irritability
focusing –
vision/thought
Memory lapses
Speech difficulties
Weakened immune system &
other health problems
Difficulty
DREAMING
We
dream about 4-5 times a
night
That is the same as 116,800
to 146,000 dreams by the time
you are 80 years old!!!
DREAMS
REM
sleep
= clear imagery and plots
make sense (even though
may be unrealistic)
NREM
= plots vaguer & images
more fleeting
DREAMING
 FREUD
= dreams reflect a person’s
unconscious wishes & urges
= symbolism
 BIOPSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH
= biological; nuerons randomly fire
& brain tries to make sense of it
DREAMING:
Factors affecting dream content
Recent
events
Childhood/past events
Pre-sleep experiences
Sex differences
Age
Internal & External stimuli
DAYDREAMING
Reliving
or anticipating events
Form of escapism
Anxiety, achievement, thinking
ahead, problem-solving, fantasy
Sleep Problems
Insomnia=
Inability
to sleep
 Forty-eight
percent of Americans
report insomnia occasionally, while
22 percent experience insomnia
every or almost every night.*
 Women are 1.3 times more likely to
report insomnia than men.
 People over age 65 are 1.5 times
more likely to complain of insomnia
than younger people.
 Divorced, widowed and separated
people report more insomnia.
Sleep Problems
Nightmares=
 Frightening
dreams that usually awaken
sleeper from REM sleep
Night
 More
Terrors=
severe
Sleep Problems
Sleep
walking
Sleep Problems
Narcolepsy
Fall
=
asleep
Excessive sleepiness or
sudden muscle weakness
Rusty
Sleep Problems
Sleep
Apnea =
Breathing
interruption that
occurs during sleep
www.sleepquest.com
Normal airway. The soft palate and uvula are normal
in length and total size. The tongue is normal in size
and is angled forward. The upper airway at the level
of the nasopharynx, oropharynx and hypopharynx is
normal in size and contour.
Abnormal airway during sleep. Multiple sites of obstruction often
occur in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. An elongated and
enlarged soft palate impinges on the posterior airway at the level of
the nasopharynx and oral pharynx. In addition, a retruding jaw
pushes an enlarged tongue posteriorly to impinge on the
hypopharyngeal space.
Sleep Disorders
Sleep
disorders affect up to 70
million people in the United
States. This costs about $100
billion each year in accidents,
medical bills and lost work.
(Statistic from Brain Facts, Society for Neuroscience, 1997)
Driving While Drowsy
Driving While Drowsy
 1/6
of all car crashes are believed
to be linked to drowsiness while
driving
 Driving while tired is very similar to
driving when drunk
 In North Carolina 60% of car
crashes caused by drowsiness
involved people under the age of
25