MOBILE COMMUNICATION AND
INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES
http://web.uettaxila.edu.pk/CMS/AUT2014/teMCITms/
Introductory Lecture
COURSE ADMINISTRATION
Instructor: Dr. Adeel Akram (adeel.akram@uettaxila.edu.pk)
Course Coordinator: Mr. Munir Abbas (munir.abbas@uettaxila.edu.pk)
Course web page: http://web.uettaxila.edu.pk/
Schedule
 Tuesdays 6pm to 9pm
THE NEW INTERNET
In the last few years, the Internet has moved beyond the three "classical" services
of email, file transfer and remote login. This course covers emerging Internet
multimedia services, their technical background and open issues in depth. The
course will cover the following areas with reference to their applications over
wireless communication infrastructure:
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Internet architecture review
Multicast routing and address allocation
Properties of real-time services
QoS: Resource reservation and differentiated services
Packet scheduling
Audio and video coding
Streaming audio and video
Adaptive applications
Internet telephony
Media-on-demand and content distribution networks (CDNs)
Conference control
Mobility (mobile IP and other technologies)
e-Commerce
Pervasive Computing
Internet of Things
COURSE OBJECTIVE
We aim to study existing Internet technologies that have evolved with the passage of
time for provision of classical services to a level where they provide same services to
a large number of users without compromising on performance, security, privacy and
reliability.
The course focusses on how internet services have been modified to provide similar
services to mobile wireless users that were originally envisioned for the static wired
clients.
Discussion on new avenues that have emerged with the advent of newer wireless
devices and communication platforms that will utilize internet technologies to serve
mobile applications transforming at run time according to user’s demands.
COURSE TEXT BOOK
Management Information System 12th Edition
Kenneth C. Laudon, Jane P. Laudon
WHAT IS COMMERCE?
Middle French, from Latin commercium, from
com- (together)+ merc- (merchandise) (1537)
“The exchange or
buying and selling of commodities
on a large scale
involving transportation from place to place.”
Buying and selling ( transactions )
Large scale (  scalability )
Transportation ( supply chain )
Every business process in the world must be
re-engineered: “Can it be made electronic?”
NEED TECHNOLOGY
TO SUPPORT
ALL OF THESE
COMMERCE (8000 B.C.)
BUYER
FINDS
SELLER
SELECTION
OF GOODS
NEGOTIATION
SALE
PAYMENT
DELIVERY
INFORMATION
PHYSICAL+
INFORMATION
POST-SALE
ACTIVITY
ECOMMERCE
SOME TECHNOLOGIES USED:
SEARCH ENGINE
ON-LINE CATALOG
RECOMMENDER AGENT
CONFIGURATOR
SHOPPING BOT
SOME INFORMATION GATHERED:
BUYER
FINDS
SELLER
SELECTION
OF GOODS
AGGREGATOR
AUTOMATED AGENTS
TRANSACTION PROCESSOR
NEGOTIATION
SEARCH BEHAVIOR
BROWSING BEHAVIOR
CUSTOMER PREFERENCES
EFFECTIVENESS OF PROMOTIONS
BARGAINING STRATEGIES
PRICE SENSITIVITIES
PERSONAL DATA
SALE
MARKET BASKET
DATA INTERCHANGE
CRYPTOGRAPHY
PAYMENT
E-PAYMENT SYSTEMS
TRACKING AGENT
INFORMATION
PHYSICAL+
INFORMATION
ON-LINE HELP
BROWSER SHARING
INTERNET TELEPHONY
CREDIT/PAYMENT INFORMATION
DELIVERY REQUIREMENTS
DELIVERY
ON-LINE PROBLEM REPORTS
POST-SALE
ACTIVITY
CUSTOMER SATISFACTION
FOLLOW-ON SALES OPPORTUNITIES
THE ELECTRONIC ENTERPRISE
ENTERPRISE RESOURCE
PLANNING
SCM
S2S
ERP
Strategic
Planning
Collaborative SCM
Demand
Planning
Collab.
Planning
Mfg.
Exec.
E-Mail
WH
Mgmt.
Portal/
Extranet
Trans.
Mgmt.
CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP
MANAGEMENT
Distrib.
Planning
Supply
Planning
Product
Mgmt.
Mfg.
Mfg.
Planning
Trans.
Planning
Web/
Intranet
Employee
Systems
Finance
Fact. HH
Devices
CRM
IndustrySpecific
Solutions
Legacy
Systems
Svc.
Auto.
Order
Mgmt.
HR
Voice
(IVR, ACD)
Logistics
Marketing
Auto.
Sales
Auto.
Conf.
Web
Storefront
Mobile Sales
(Prod. CFG)
Employee
SS
Field
Service
Collaborative CRM
SUPPLY CHAIN
MANAGEMENT
E-Mail
Operational
EDI
Closed-Loop Processing
(EAI Toolkits, ETLM Tools,
Embedded Mobile Agents)
Conf.
Direct
Interaction
DW
KM/CM
Finance.
DM
HR
DM
Cust.
DM
Analytical
Order
DM
Prod.
DM
ACD = AUTOMATIC CALL DISTRIBUTOR
CFG = CONFIGURATION
DM = DATA MINING
DW = DATA WAREHOUSE
ETLM = EXTRACT, TRANSFORM, LOAD & MANAGE
HH = HAND-HELD
IVR = INTERACTIVE VOICE RESPONSE
SOURCE: META GROUP
INTERNET-CONNECTED SUPPLY CHAIN
Wholesale
Distributors
Suppliers
Manufacturers
Supplier
Exchanges
Logistics
Exchanges
Logistics
Providers
Customers
Customer
Exchanges
Virtual
Manufacturers
Contract
Manufacturers
Information Flow
Goods Flow
Logistics
Providers
SOURCE: AMR RESEARCH (2000)
WHY E-COMMERCE? WHY NOW?
Computers are faster
 1973:
 2013:
1 million instructions/sec
20 billion instructions/sec
Have more main memory
 1973:
 2013:
0.125 megabytes
2 gigabytes
Cost less
 1973:
 2013:
$4,000,000
$1,00
PROGRESS OF TECHNOLOGY
Have more disk storage
 1973:
 2013:
IMPROVEMENT: 12000 x
10 MB
120,000 MB (soon 1 terabyte = 1000GB)
Higher communication speeds
 Human speech:
30 bits/sec
 1973 Modem
300 bits/sec
 2003 Modem:
56,000 bits/sec
 T1 line:
1,544,000 bits/sec
 DSL (high end)
7,000,000 bits/sec
 Internet 2:
1,000,000,000 bits/sec
 Optical 10,000,000,000,000 bits/sec in 1 fiber
(entire U.S. telephone traffic)
1973-2013
IMPROVEMENT:
30 BILLION x
INTERNET TECHNOLOGY TOPICS
Infrastructure
• Electronic payments
Wireless
• Databases
Web Architecture
• Mass personalization, CRM,
Data Mining
Search engines
• Privacy Technology
Cryptography
• Enterprise Resource Planning
Network Security
• Intelligent agents
Data interchange
INFRASTRUCTURE FOR E-COMMERCE
What worldwide structure is required to support e-Commerce?
Network + communications
Machines
Software
Protocols
Security
Payment
 interface to banking systems
THE INTERNET
The fundamental technology linking business and people
around the world in less than 1 second
 Nothing competes with it
How does it work?
How big is it?
Who owns it? Who governs it?
How does it grow? How big can it get?
What architecture allows this?
What are the limitations?
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES & M-COMMERCE
Can’t get (much) away from radio
Differences between wireless and wired communication
Cells, frequency allocations
Shared medium: SDMA, FDMA, TDMA, CDMA
1G, 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 4G
Wireless LAN: IEEE 802.11
Bluetooth
WAP, iMode
Universal Wideband (UWB)
WEB ARCHITECTURE
How are web sites constructed?
TIER 4
Database
TIER 3
Applications
TIER 2
Server
TIER 1
SOURCE: INTERSHOP
SEARCH ENGINES
Finding web pages
 Crawlers, spiders, bots
Query interfaces
Retrieval methods
 Indexing
 Document ranking
 Artificially altering retrieval order
Document clustering
Multilingual issues
Multimedia retrieval
CRYPTOGRAPHY
Secrecy
 Information cannot be used if intercepted
Authentication
 We’re sure who the parties are
Integrity
 Data cannot be altered
Non-repudiation
 Sender cannot deny sending the message
Cryptography
 Symmetric encryption (DES, Rijndael)
 Public key cryptosystems (RSA)
 Digital signatures & certificates, public key infrastructure (PKI)
NETWORK SECURITY
Access control
 authorization / authentication
Authentication
 something you know: passwords
 something you have: smart card
 something you are: biometrics
 someplace you are: GPS
Network protection, firewalls, proxy servers
Intrusion detection
Denial of service (DOS) attacks
Viruses, worms
DATA INTERCHANGE
How can sites exchange information without prior agreement?
 What do the data fields mean? price, extended price, unit price, prix,
цена, τιμή, 가격
 XML: Extensible Markup Language
How can machines communicate without humans?
How can data formats and structures be communicated?
 XML schemas
 Ontologies
eCommerce Data Exchange Needs
RFQs
Ship Notices
Catalogs
Letters of Credit
Quotations
Purchase Orders
Electronic Payments
Bills of Lading
Invoices
ELECTRONIC PAYMENTS
Forms of money
 token (cash), notational (bank account), hybrid (cheque)
Credit-card transactions
 Secure protocols: SSL, SET
Automated clearing and settlement systems
 PayPal
Smart cards, electronic cash, digital wallets
Micropayments
Wireless payments
Electronic invoice presentment and payment
Required course: Electronic Payment Systems (20-763)
DATABASES
The relational database model
Query specification: SQL (Structured Query Language)
Database management
Databases in e-Commerce
Data warehousing
MASS PERSONALIZATION & DATA MINING
Treating each user as an individual
 key is INFORMATION
How to acquire and store information about customers
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Cookies
Question and response
Clickstream analysis
External databases
How to use information effectively and instantly
Personalization technology
Customization
DATA MINING
Extracting previously unknown relationships from large
datasets
Discovery of patterns
Predicting the future
 past behavior as predictor of future purchasing
Market basket analysis
 diapers/beer
DATA MINING TOOLS
Visualization (“seeing” the data)
Predictive Modeling
Database Segmentation
 Classify the users
Link Analysis
 Association discovery
Neural networks
 Systems that learn from data
Deviation Detection
 Are any of the data unusual? Fraud detection
PRIVACY TECHNOLOGY
Digital privacy & privacy threats
Technology
 P3P
 EPAL
Anonymity
 Mediation
 Digital pseudonyms (aliases)
ERP (ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING) & SCM (SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT)
The supply network
Collaboration models
 Vendor-managed inventory
 Scan-based trading
ERP functions and architecture
EAI (Enterprise Application Integration)
Web Services
AGENTS AND ELECTRONIC NEGOTIATION
Programs to perform tasks on your behalf
Avatars (characters in human form)
Meta-searchers, shopping bots, news agents, stock agents,
auction bots, bank bots
How to make agents “intelligent”
 Rule-based systems
 Knowledge representation
Agents that learn
 Inductive inference
JULIA from CONVERSIVE
COOPERATING AGENTS
Doctor
Pete
Schedule a treatment plan using only
authorized providers within a 20-miles
and a rating of excellent or very good.
Lucy’s agent looks up providers,
checks for distance, authorization
Lucy’s agent formulates a schedule and rating.
of appointmentsLucy’s
for therapists
that information
agent retrieves
fits into Pete and
Lucy’s
schedule.
about
Mom’s
prescribed treatment
from the doctor’s agent.
Semantic Web
Lucy
SOURCE: WILLIAM HOLMES, LOCKHEED-MARTIN
M2M COMMERCE & AUCTION MODELS
How can machines do business with other machines?
Electronic discovery
Electronic negotiation
 Auction strategy
The semantic Web
Q&A