UNIT 3 1 GETTING READY Task I Fill in the blanks with the occupation nouns provided based on the audio. Change the forms of the words if necessary. professional athlete architect LET THEM DREAM! Though today’s society pressures young people to nail technician immediately select a career, it sometimes takes time to decide interior designer what your real aspirations are. For example, while Brad Pitt comedian attended college to be a news 1 ___________, he is now a correspondent correspondent vet millionaire movie star. Although Serena Williams has a athlete successful career as a(n) professional 2 ___________, she is also novelist studying to become a certified 3 ___________. nail technician Playing chef Australian football used to be Curtis Stone’s ultimate goal, but surgeon currently he is a celebrity 4 ___________. chef 2 GETTING READY Task I Fill in the blanks with the occupation nouns provided based on the audio. Change the forms of the words if necessary. professional athlete architect nail technician interior designer comedian And Jim Carrey is widely regarded as one of the foremost 5 ___________ comedians in Hollywood. He didn’t always want to pursue a career in acting, however. He actually yearned to work as a(n) 6 ___________. vet These examples demonstrate that everyone should be correspondent allowed the opportunity to take their time making career vet choices. Who knows? They might accomplish more than they novelist ever dreamed! chef surgeon 3 GETTING READY Audio Transcripts: Thank you for inviting me to speak. Let me first congratulate this year’s graduating class! (applause) I know that you all have aspirations regarding your future careers. I’m here to tell you about what could happen even if you don’t secure your dream job. Take Brad Pitt, for example. He studied journalism in college. Instead of news reporting, however, he became one of Hollywood’s A-list actors. Other celebrities have similar stories. Curtis Stone, host of The Learning Channel’s Take Home Chef, yearned to play in the Australian Football League when he was growing up—until his mother taught him how to cook. When Jim Carrey was a kid, he wanted to make a living by lessening animals’ pain. Now he’s starred in many successful comedies instead. Serena Williams has won two Olympic gold medals in women’s doubles, but being the world’s best tennis player isn’t her ultimate dream. She longs to work in a nail salon. She is even taking classes so that she can get certified to give manicures. So remember, graduates, while your original dreams may not work out, something better could come your way! 4 GETTING READY Task II Use the words provided to write four job ads. Be creative! Here at Happy Pets Clinic, we love our furry friends! We are seeking an animal surgeon who cares about animals as much as we do. The applicant must have at least ten years of experience performing operations. Those interested should submit a résumé to our head vet, Robert Peterson, at robert@happypets.com. 5 GETTING READY Task II Use the words provided to write four job ads. Be creative! Does gossip give you a thrill? Are you good at finding out secrets? Then join our staff as an entertainment news columnist! A journalism degree is required. No prior experience necessary. Contact Clint at 4516-7822 and tell him why you’re qualified for this job! 6 GETTING READY Task II Use the words provided to write four job ads. Be creative! Suzie’s Salon is looking to hire a certified nail technician. We offer our clients many types of manicures and foot massages. You must be outgoing and should have creative nail design ideas. Call Nancy @ 09-4580-0034. 7 GETTING READY Task II Use the words provided to write four job ads. Be creative! Star Lite Lounge is now employing comedians to perform in their weekend comedy show! Customers come expecting to hear plenty of hysterical jokes. If you are friendly and amusing, send Tim a demo today! Tim: 09-4295-7782 tim@starlitelounge.com 8 VOCABULARY DRILL A. Listen Up Take the quiz. Then use the chart to determine your personality type. 1. At school, you have to follow a rigid schedule. This makes you feel: A B C annoyed. You like to work at your own pace. bothered. You have a party to go to! relaxed. You feel at ease when there’s a plan. 2. In basketball, you like: A B C trying different positions. You can help your team from anywhere on the floor! playing the shooting guard. You get excited by scoring points. being a cheerleader. You love cheering on the home team. 3. You flunked a test. Your response is to: A B C study harder. You are confident that you can improve. blow it off. It’s just a little test after all. feel guilty. You disappointed your parents. 9 VOCABULARY DRILL A. Listen Up Take the quiz. Then use the chart to determine your personality type. What’s your type? If you answered mostly a, you are a go-getter. You are motivated to accomplish big goals. You are competitive, but you can also be flexible. You’d make an ideal entrepreneur. If you answered mostly b, you are a socializer. You are energetic and love being in the spotlight. You have a fun personality and the potential to be an exceptional salesperson. If you answered mostly c, you are a duty-fulfiller. You stick to rules and dislike taking risks. Loyalty and dependability are your best qualities. Being a clerk could be a good fit. Don’t worry if you have different answers. Everyone is a unique blend! Listen and decide what kind of personality duty-fulfiller type Lucy has.____________ 10 VOCABULARY DRILL Audio Transcripts: Dr. Abbie: Lucy, welcome! Lucy: Thanks, doctor. I’m here to discuss my personality. I’m graduating soon, and my teacher advised that knowing more about myself would help me choose a rewarding career. Dr. Abbie: She is very insightful. It will also be useful for your daily activities and social interactions. So, describe yourself. Lucy: I enjoy knitting. Following the different patterns soothes me. I usually give my creations to my family. Dr. Abbie: OK. Tell me about your relationships with your friends. Lucy: I try to be accessible to them. Whenever they need a favor, I’m there. Dr. Abbie: How about your values and ideal job? Lucy: Honesty and integrity are qualities that are important to me. I’m not sure what my dream career is, but I prefer to work in an office environment that isn’t too stressful. Job security is also a factor—I don’t want to work for a struggling company that might go bankrupt. Dr. Abbie: This is all interesting. I’m glad you came in. 11 VOCABULARY DRILL B. Word Focus: Personality Draw a line from each description on the right to the correct personality type. go-getter • supportive of others • finds adventure intriguing • possesses excellent communication skills socializer • driven to succeed • strives to elicit attention duty-fulfiller • irritated by disloyalty 12 VOCABULARY DRILL C. Speak Out Loud Interview another classmate by asking the questions below. Report the results to the class. Could you become a millionaire? Find out if your personality is similar to those of highly successful people! 1 Do you value integrity? Is it crucial that others consider you dependable? 2 Are you a good leader? Can you make insightful decisions quickly? 3 Would you say you are a competitive person? Is winning important to you? 4 Are your family and friends supportive of your aspirations? 5 How are your people skills? Can you keep your colleagues motivated? 6 How strong is your enthusiasm for constant self-improvement? 13 CONVERSATION CORNER—REVIEW A. Complete the Sentences Fill in the blanks with words from the conversation. Use the hints to help you. 1. After competing and losing several times, she realized she didn’t have a(n) aptitude ___________ for running hurdles. (natural ability) slot 2. Would you like to see Dr. Rosenthal on next Wednesday? A(n) ___________ just opened up due to a cancellation. (period of time) 3. Students were outraged when they were informed of the unexpected increase in tuition ___________. (fees) discomfort in his legs ever since the car accident. (pain) 4. Ted has been feeling ___________ aspiration to play professionally, he 5. When Perry notified his coach of his ___________ was advised to practice more. (ambition) dashed 6. Peter’s hopes were ___________ when his application for a mortgage loan was denied. (destroy) 14 CONVERSATION CORNER—REVIEW B. Understand from the Context Match the sentence with its meaning. Sentence Paraphrase c _____ 1. You feel like the sky is the a. I’m afraid that I will fail. limit when you’re young, but b. Since you love entertaining others, you have to be down-to-earth you must work hard to make it your when you’re an adult. career. a _____ 2. I’m concerned I’ll fall flat on c. Things seem attainable before you my face. grow up, but then you have to d 3. You tell some hysterical jokes. _____ become more realistic. b 4. If you are passionate about _____ d. Your sense of humor causes comedy, you should just go all amusement for others. out! e. I’m not being decisive; I’m still e _____ 5. I’m kind of on the fence. thinking about my options. 15 CONVERSATION CORNER—REVIEW C. Make Inferences Check the appropriate inferences and write the sentences that support your answers. Inference Clue from the Text □ 1. Tina hasn’t come to a conclusion concerning her career path. I was planning to be a surgeon, but nothing is set in stone. □ 2. It can take many years to repay student loans. I’m not interested in being in debt forever. □ 3. Tina has confidence in Jimmy’s aptitude for his ideal job. You tell some hysterical jokes. □ 4. Having sufficient enthusiasm for work will surely guarantee success. □ 5. Don’t let fears of failure hinder you from following your dreams. If you are passionate about comedy, you should just go all out! □ 6. Tina would be displeased if her job didn’t require much thinking. I yearn to do something academic and intellectual. 16 EXPRESSION PLAZA A. Expressing Certainty Certain Uncertain • (something) be set in stone • (something) be a done deal • (something) be nailed down • (someone) be on the fence • (something) be up in the air • (something) be a toss-up (between . . .) Rewrite the sentences in bold with the expressions above. 1. A: Have you decided which dress you want to purchase for the party? B: I bought the red one yesterday, so my decision has been made. I bought the red one yesterday, so it’s a done deal. →_______________________________________________________________ 2. A: What has been confirmed for the banquet next week? B: It beats me. The plans are still not settled. The plans are still up in the air. →_______________________________________________________________ 17 EXPRESSION PLAZA B. Talking About Opportunities and Disappointments Hopeful Disappointed • the sky is the limit • the world is (one’s) oyster • have a rosy future • (one’s) hopes are dashed • get / have a reality check • be let down (by . . .) Fill in the expressions that fit best. 1. My parents are always encouraging me to follow my dreams. They reassure me the sky is the limit / the world is my oyster / I have a rosy future that _____________________. 2. I was extremely _____________________ when I learned that I wasn’t let down accepted for the internship. 18 EXPRESSION PLAZA C. Discussing Goals and Dreams Trying Hard Not Achieving • go all out • take great pains to do (something) • pull out all the stops • fall flat on (one’s) face • drop the ball • blow (one’s) chance Pair up with a classmate and practice responding to the following statements by giving words of encouragement. Use the expressions above. 1. I’m going to fall flat on my face during the tennis match. 1. What are you talking about? If you take great pains to practice, you’ll win the game for sure. 2. I’m afraid that I am going to drop the ball on this science presentation. 2. You will be spectacular as usual. You always pull out all the stops. 3. Rick thinks that he blew his chance during the job interview. 3. He should relax. I’m sure he went all out and impressed the interviewer. 19 EXPRESSION PRACTICE A. True, False, or Unknown Listen and select if the statements are true, false, or unknown. 1. T □ F □ U □ The duration of the trip will be one week. 2. T □ F □ U □ This year’s company outing will be held at the Grand Canyon. 3. T □ F □ U □ They will be checking into a four-star resort near their destination. 4. T □ F □ U □ Heather prefers accommodation with great comfort. 5. T □ F □ U □ The employees will need to make arrangements for sightseeing activities. 6. T □ F □ U □ The company has decided on how much they can spend on transportation. 20 EXPRESSION PRACTICE Audio Transcripts: Heather: Hello, Melody. How are the plans for our company trip coming? Melody: Many of the details are up in the air, including how long the trip should be. Heather: What about the destination? Is the Grand Canyon plan set in stone yet? Melody: Yes, but the lodging arrangements are a toss-up between a four-star hotel and a cabin. Heather: I personally prefer a hotel to a cabin. Most cabins I’ve stayed in are gross. Will we hire someone to show us around? Melody: Yes, we will. That’s a done deal, as I’ve already hired a tour guide. We don’t want anyone wandering off and getting devoured by a bear. Heather: Well, I won’t be getting lost in the woods. Have we decided on how we are getting there? Melody: We’re still on the fence about that. The people in accounting are nailing down the financial details. Last year’s trip was under budget, so we may be allowed to apply the surplus to this year’s trip. Then we could fly everyone there. Heather: That would be fantastic! 21 EXPRESSION PRACTICE B. Finish the Letter Fill in the blanks with words or expressions from the audio. Dear Graduating Class, I appreciate your 1.participation _________ in last week’s job fair. As you know, the economy has been struggling lately. Bear this in mind and 2. _________ let down stay 3.down-to-earth __________ when looking for work so you don’t get 4. _________________. a harsh reality check when you are trying to secure a job. You will possibly have 5. _________________ This is especially true with a position that provides you with a large salary and a rosy future qualifications 6. _________________. My advice is to be diligent in utilizing your 7. __________ is your oyster and keep reminding yourself that the world 8. ______________. Good luck with your career hunt! Sincerely, Roland Taylor Career Services 22 EXPRESSION PRACTICE Audio Transcripts: Thank you for your participation in today’s employment fair. As a career counselor, I often get asked for advice on navigating the job market. Let me start by saying that the world is your oyster. Diligent workers with good qualifications will have a rosy future. Despite this, it is of enormous importance to be down-to-earth during your search. The economy’s current state is alarming, and it could be a long while before it makes a comeback. Until then, recent graduates will get a harsh reality check when they discover their only extras are medical and dental insurance. Additionally, those new to the workplace will come to realize that they must work an average of nine hours more each week than their senior coworkers. And with just seven days of annual leave, one’s hopes of a lengthy trip to Hawaii will be quickly dashed. However, dreams can come true! Although some of you might be let down, many of you will find that the sky’s the limit. 23 EXPRESSION PRACTICE C. Complete the Report Finish the chart with words or expressions you hear. There may be more than one possible answer. Newcastle College Football Tryouts Report Andy seems to be very determined, but his size puts him at a disadvantage against other players. He’ll definitely significant 1. ___________ go all out have to 2. ________________ now. I hope he will persevere in his efforts this year. 3. ___________ Tom made the team last year, but I’m afraid he might drop the ball 4. __________________ this season if he doesn’t take the scholarship he tryouts seriously. If he plans on keeping his 5. ___________, pull out all the stops will have to 6. __________________. I would hate for Billy to 7. __________________ of playing blow his chance professionally because of a sprained ankle. He has always taken great pains 8. __________________ to achieve his personal best in the past, so I’m not too concerned about his resolution. 24 EXPRESSION PRACTICE Audio Transcripts: Dialogue 1 Coach Jones: Andy, you aren’t as bulky as the rest of these guys, so you are at a disadvantage. If you want to make the team, you’ll need to try your hardest. Andy: I understand, coach. Coach Jones: You’re not going to get anywhere if you perform like last year. If you want to impress me, you must persevere in spite of your size. Andy: Don’t worry! I won’t fall flat on my face this time. 25 EXPRESSION PRACTICE Audio Transcripts: Dialogue 2 Tommy: It’s been ages since I saw you, coach! Coach Jones: Stop kidding around, Tommy. I saw you two days ago. Now listen up. Just because you made the team last year doesn’t mean you won’t drop the ball now. You need to have a resolute attitude toward these tryouts. Tommy: I will go all out. I practiced every day this summer! Coach Jones: I hope so. Don’t risk losing that scholarship by taking your talent for granted. You still have to pull out all the stops. 26 EXPRESSION PRACTICE Audio Transcripts: Dialogue 3 Coach Jones: How is your twisted ankle, Billy? Billy: It’s almost at 100 percent. I’m taking pain medicine, but the doctor said there won’t be any side effects. Coach Jones: I don’t want you to blow your chance of becoming a professional by not letting your ankle heal fully. Billy: I will absolutely take great pains to pass the tryouts. I won’t let this injury deter me. Coach Jones: I have faith in you, Billy. Just be careful to take care of that leg of yours. 27 GRAMMAR CHECKPOINT Future in the Past We normally use the future in the past to talk about something we thought was going to happen. Remember that it is not important whether or not it does actually happen. Form Usage Example would + V. to offer or promise, to predict something • He promised he would drive me to the airport. was / were going to + V. to plan or predict something • She was going to be an ER nurse and ended up as a housewife. was / were + V-ing to talk about a future situation in the past • I was planning to be a surgeon, but the enormous tuition costs dashed my hopes. was / were + about to + V. to explain that something almost • They stopped by my house happens when something else just as I was about to leave (unexpectedly) happens for work. 28 GRAMMAR CHECKPOINT Future in the Past We normally use the future in the past to talk about something we thought was going to happen. Remember that it is not important whether or not it does actually happen. Usage Note As with other future forms, the future in the past is not used in clauses starting with time expressions such as before, by the time, as soon as, or when. In such cases, use the simple past. Example: • Dana already told Selma that when she arrived [would arrive], we would go to the amusement park. 29 GRAMMAR CHECKPOINT Perfect Modals We often use the following structure to express the degree of certainty about past events: modal + have + past participle. Perfect Modal Usage Example must have + past participle fairly certain something happened • Ted didn’t look well this morning. He must have caught a cold. may / might / could have + past participle not certain if something happened • Eddie hasn’t gotten here yet. He may / might / could have missed the train. should have + past participle needed to do something but did not • I should have enrolled in that career workshop to get inspiration. would have + past participle planned to do something but did not • I would have signed up for that, but I had basketball practice. 30 GRAMMAR WORKOUT A. Complete the Sentences Fill in the correct forms of the words. Some blanks may have more than one possible answer. was going to fly 1. Betty _________________ (fly) to Manila yesterday, but her flight was overbooked. may / might / could have gone (go) on a 2. I haven’t seen my neighbor for a while. He _________________ vacation abroad. would have / would have had 3. I thought they _________________ (have) fun at the party, but they said it was disastrous. must have forgotten (forget) to bring her ID because they won’t let her 4. Molly _________________ into the disco. should have studied (study) harder for the exam. That way, I 5. I _________________ wouldn’t have flunked (not flunk) it. _________________ was about to pay (pay) the bill when he realized that his wallet was 6. Nelson _________________ missing. He _________________ (put) it in his front pocket. should have put 31 GRAMMAR WORKOUT B. Match Match the statement with the most appropriate response. 1. Where did you put my glasses and keys, Kristen? _____ d a. I absolutely agree. We should have used a more cheerful color. 2. We shouldn’t have painted the wall a gray. It looks so dreary. _____ b. That’s thoughtful of you. She must have really appreciated that. 3. Where’s Danny? He was going to help me with my math assignment. e _____ c. I would have cleaned up, but you’re here early. I was just about to vacuum the floor. 4. I was going to play table tennis, but I b had to babysit my sister’s kid. _____ d. Let me think. I may have left them on the dining room table. 5. The place is in utter chaos. Don’t you c ever tidy up? _____ e. I haven’t got the faintest idea. I haven’t seen him all day. 32 GRAMMAR WORKOUT C. Complete the Passage Finish the passage using the correct tenses. Some blanks may have more than one possible answer. Computer Age Magazine Each week, tech expert Doug de Nimes answers your questions in Ask Doug . . . With the new iPhone coming out, you’re probably considering selling your old model. Chances are you spent a fortune on it and would like to get some money shouldn’t have paid (not pay) so much for it. Well, back. You think that you 1. _________________ don’t worry. Apple products normally have a considerably higher resale value than those of other brands, even if they are secondhand. A year ago, I was going to sell / was about to sell / was selling 2. _________________ (sell) my iPhone 2 to a used electronics store. A friend would have gotten recommended that I try an online auction site instead. I 3. _________________ (get) NT$3,000 from the shop. In the end, I earned double that sum by selling it on could have made (make) even more. So remember: Yahoo!, and I believe I 4. _________________ your old iPhone does have monetary worth. If you haven’t been able to sell it, you must not have tried (not try) hard enough. 5. _________________ 33 READING─PRE-READING TASK Scan the article below. Match the numbers with the things they refer to. 1. 50 d a. The age that Hannah set up a charity organization 2. 14 c b. The age that Hannah met someone in need 3. 5 b c. The age of Suhas when he started his own business 4. 400 e d. The millions of dollars ModCloth is worth 5. 8 a e. The number of employees at Globals Inc. 34 READING It may come as a surprise, but many of the world’s leading businesses were established by people under the age of 30. Google, Facebook, and Microsoft, among others, were all set up by college students, and today these companies dominate their respective industries. For those of you who have the makings of a young entrepreneur, read on for inspiration. p.42 35 READING Susan Gregg Koger has always had a passion for unique clothes and good deals. As a college freshman, she and her boyfriend sold vintage clothing they found at thrift stores through an online shop they created. Although the site was useful for extra income, they knew that if this hobby was going to be a full-time job, they would have to expand. They began purchasing clothing from independent designers to carry along with their vintage findings. Today, ModCloth has over 200 employees, and the company is valued at more than $50 million! p.42 36 READING After teaching himself the ins and outs of programming software and building websites, Suhas Gopinath opened his IT consultancy company, Globals Inc., at the age of 14. Using his shrewd business sense, Suhas registered his business as a corporation and thus became the world’s youngest CEO. Now, Globals Inc. has offices in several countries and employs more than 400 people. Even though he could have sold the company for hundreds of millions of dollars, Suhas prefers to continue leading his own enterprise. p.42 37 READING At five years old, Hannah Taylor saw her first homeless person. She was strongly affected by the realization that some people have nothing and decided that she would assist the needy people of Canada. When she turned eight years old, she founded the Ladybug Foundation. This charity collects funds to help the homeless and raises awareness of the issue. Even though she’s now a busy teenager, Hannah still works relentlessly with the foundation. She constantly visits schools and other venues to spread the message that the problem of homelessness could be eliminated. p.42 38 READING Nowadays, young competent and successful business leaders are common all around the world. This shows that no matter your age, when you have the zeal to make your dream a reality, you can launch an organization that will thrive! p.42 39 READING Discussion Young people who take on huge responsibilities, like a business, can miss out on enjoying youthful freedoms. Look at Mark Zuckerberg, founder of Facebook, or Justin Bieber, pop star. They’ve made millions but are constantly working to meet up to people’s expectations. What are the advantages and disadvantages of starting a business before adulthood? 40 READING ─AFTER YOU READ A. Fill in the Missing Letters Complete the sentences with words from the article. 1. Even after a terrible breakup, nothing could diminish Samantha’s ea z__________1 for romance. elentlessl 2. He worked r__________y to finish the project ahead of the deadline. hrew 3. In times of economic recession, the ability to be s__________d in business transactions is crucial. ompeten 4. Melissa wants to hire someone that is more c__________t than her current assistant. 5. After the police arrived at the demonstration, the college students retreated to espectiv their r__________e dorm rooms. p.38 p.36 p.39 p.37 41 p.40 READING ─AFTER YOU READ B. Complete the Profiles Finish the passages with the correct forms of the words provided. eliminate launch adore charity vintage independent consultation corporation enthusiasm Susan Gregg Koger Suhas Gopinath Hannah Taylor Susan Gregg Koger founded her business when she was still in college. She adores 1. ___________ Surprisingly, Suhas Gopinath, the world’s youngest CEO, was just 14 when he established corporation Also his 5. ___________. intriguing is that he educated himself in the complex field of IT. His company provides 6. consultations ___________ to other businesses regarding technical problems. As a child, Hannah Taylor was greatly inspired to start a(n) charity 7. ___________ after seeing a needy person. At eight years old, she 8. ___________ the launched Ladybug Foundation. Today, she frequents schools where she helps raise consciousness about eliminate the efforts to 9. ___________ fashion and wants to share her 2. ___________ enthusiasm with others. She sells vintage 3. ___________ clothing and commissions independent outfits by 4. ___________ designers. Now, her company is worth over $50 million. 42 homelessness. READING ─AFTER YOU READ C. Multiple Choice Circle the answers. 1. Where did Koger find the clothing that she originally sold at ModCloth? a. They were made by college students. b. They were found at secondhand shops. c. They were from her favorite clothing sites. d. They were created by self-employed designers. 43 READING ─AFTER YOU READ C. Multiple Choice Circle the answers. 2. Why has Gopinath NOT sold his company? a. He would rather manage it himself. b. He hasn’t received a worthwhile offer. c. He has sold it but still oversees the business as CEO. d. Investors are reluctant to spend money on such a new venture. 44 READING ─AFTER YOU READ C. Multiple Choice Circle the answers. 3. What is the objective of Taylor’s charity? a. To help children who are unaware that homelessness exists b. To give advice on how charities can assist a corporation c. To tackle the problem of people not having a place to live d. To teach people how to sell merchandise online 45 READING ─AFTER YOU READ C. Multiple Choice Circle the answers. 4. What is TRUE about young entrepreneurs? a. They are normally too inefficient to launch their own businesses. b. Those under 30 will need abundant financial aid to get started. c. Most of them create charities in order to earn recognition. d. They have proven to be just as remarkable as older ones. 46 WRITING SKILLS Introduction Hooks To grab your audience’s attention, use a hook! It can be: □ a surprising fact □ an interesting story □ a famous quote □ a rhetorical question 47 WRITING SKILLS Task I Write the letter of the hook that best fits the following introductory paragraph. c Then be an entrepreneur and become your own boss! While turning a profit ______ __________________________________________________________________ might be a prolonged process, the positives of working for yourself outnumber the __________________________________________________________________ negatives. Everyone has a specialty or skill to offer society. Once you determine __________________________________________________________________ what yours is, you’ll be on the road to financial freedom. __________________________________________________________________ a. I’d always dreamed of starting a security company, but the uncertainty of generating enough income held me back. c. Do you wish you could set your own work schedule? Are you tired of meeting someone else’s demands? b. Nolan Bushnell, who’s founded over d. Even though large corporations 20 successful businesses, once said, dominate the US economy, small “The true entrepreneur is a doer, not businesses employ roughly 50 a dreamer.” percent of America’s workers. 48 WRITING SKILLS Conclusion Clinchers A clincher is the conclusion’s impacting final statement. An effective clincher refers back to the hook by: □ making a prediction based □ finishing the story □ mentioning the quotation □ asking a final rhetorical question on the fact 49 WRITING SKILLS Task II Write a conclusion clincher below. Relate it to the hook you chose in Task I. Having a flexible schedule, choosing your colleagues, and feeling fulfilled So what by your work are all motivating reasons to become self-employed. ________ are you waiting for? Quit your dull job and start working for yourself today! ______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 50 WRITING SKILLS─BEFORE YOU WRITE Visit the site www.thehersheycompany.com to learn about The Hershey Company. Write down information that could be used as a hook and / or clincher in an essay about the company. STATISTICS • Hershey’s employs STORIES SAYINGS • Milton S. Hershey, a • “Caramels are only a around 13,700 candy-making genius, fad. Chocolate is a employees and sells suffered two failed permanent thing.” — $4 billion worth of candy businesses Milton Hershey products annually. before establishing the caramel company that would later become Hershey’s. 51 WRITING SKILLS─WRITE IT UP Write an introduction and conclusion for the essay about Hershey’s below. Use the information you collected above to write an effective hook and clincher. Title: Building with Chocolate (Be creative.) __________________________ Milton Hershey, a candy-making genius, knew what he _____________________________________________________ was talking about when he said, “Caramels are only a fad. _____________________________________________________ Chocolate is a permanent thing.” Hershey’s chocolate has _____________________________________________________ been putting a smile on people’s faces since 1900, when the _____________________________________________________ chocolate bar was introduced. Although the founder had _____________________________________________________ difficulty with his other businesses, Hershey’s has become _____________________________________________________ an internationally known brand, both for chocolate and for _____________________________________________________ generosity. _____________________________________________ 52 WRITING SKILLS─WRITE IT UP Write an introduction and conclusion for the essay about Hershey’s below. Use the information you collected above to write an effective hook and clincher. Milton Hershey was born in rural Pennsylvania in 1857. Despite growing up __________________________________________________________________ with little formal education, Milton established the successful Lancaster Caramel __________________________________________________________________ Company. He became passionate about the art of making chocolate and began __________________________________________________________________ coating his caramel candies in it. Chocolate was expensive back then, and __________________________________________________________________ Milton realized that he could find a way to manufacture affordable chocolate so __________________________________________________________________ that everyone would be able to enjoy its rich taste. After numerous experiments, __________________________________________________________________ he discovered a recipe for delicious milk chocolate. Hershey’s chocolate was __________________________________________________________________ born! __________________________________________________________________ 53 WRITING SKILLS─WRITE IT UP Write an introduction and conclusion for the essay about Hershey’s below. Use the information you collected above to write an effective hook and clincher. The Hershey’s chocolate bar was quite profitable, and Milton put those profits __________________________________________________________________ to good use. He believed that workers who were treated well would produce __________________________________________________________________ better products. Therefore, he made improving his town a priority, spending __________________________________________________________________ money to build a community building, convention hall, and schools. In fact, __________________________________________________________________ Milton Hershey School has been providing education to children from lower__________________________________________________________________ income families since 1909. Hershey, PA, could have been a completely different __________________________________________________________________ place if it weren’t for Milton’s charity. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 54 WRITING SKILLS─WRITE IT UP Write an introduction and conclusion for the essay about Hershey’s below. Use the information you collected above to write an effective hook and clincher. Without Milton, Hershey, PA, wouldn’t even exist, and _____________________________________________________ people would have to spend a small fortune to get their _____________________________________________________ hands on chocolate. Thank goodness Milton Hershey _____________________________________________________ recognized the permanent popularity of this tasty treat. _____________________________________________________ Imagine what we could have missed out on! _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 55 The End 56