6-8 - Reading Vocabulary

Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8

Affix

The suffix ed only occurs as an affix.

A word element, such as a prefix or suffix, that can only occur attached to a base, stem, or root.

©Partners for Learning, Inc. do not distribute

Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 alliteration

The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words.



Allusion

It has rained so long, it feels like it’s rained for 40 days and

40 nights.

A reference to a statement, person, place, or event from literature, history, politics, etc.


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 analogy

A comparison of two different things that are similar in some way



Analyze

Examining parts to understand how they work together to create meaning as a whole


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 antagonist a character who works against the hero of a story.


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 antonym

A word having a meaning opposite to that of another word



Author’s bias

If the author grew up in Seattle, they may show a bias towards the Seattle

Seahawks when writing a sports story.

A personal judgment either for or against a particular person, position, or thing.



Author’s perspective

The viewpoint that an author brings to a piece of writing.



Author’s purpose

The reason for creating a work



Base word

A complete word that can stand alone without a prefix or suffix.


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 boldface

Word(s) that is in darker type than the words around it, used to help signal that the word is more important than the text around it.



Cause and effect

A text structure that explains why things happen; the events that happen first are the causes and the events that happen as a result are the effects



Character development

The method(s) a writer uses to create and develop characters.



Character point of view

In this story, Goldilocks has a point of view different from the Three Bears.

The viewpoint/voice of a character enables us to better understand the events of a text.


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 chart

A group of facts about something, in the form of a diagram, table, graph, etc…



Chronological order

1. I wake up

2. I eat breakfast

3. I brush my teeth

4. I get on the bus

5. I get to school

Events are presented in the order in which they occur


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 classified ad a short ad in a newspaper or magazine (usually in small print) and appearing along with other ads of the same type


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 cliché a phrase or expression used so often that it becomes stale; also : the idea expressed by it



Compare and Contrast

A text structure which explains the similarities and/or differences of two or more things, ideas, traits, etc…


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 comparison

Both fruits

Both grow on trees

Both are edible

An examination of how two or more things are similar or alike


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 conflict

A problem or disagreement between people, society, or nature



Consumer documents

Printed materials that accompany products and services…manuals, instructions, warranties, etc.



Context clue

Clues given in a passage as to the meaning of the word



Contrast

They have different shapes

One is red

The other is yellow

An examination of how two or more things are different


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 coupon

A small, printed slip of paper that gives someone a discount



Descriptive language

Words intended to create a mood, person, place, thing, event, emotion, or experience.


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 diagram

A plan, sketch, drawing, or outline designed to demonstrate or explain how something works


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 diction

These two authors used different diction in their writings.

A writer’s/speaker’s choice of words and way of arranging them in sentences…formal/informal.



Drawing conclusions

Making a decision or voicing an opinion based on reasoning or inferring



Evaluate

To judge the value or worth of someone or something


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 excerpt

A passage selected from a book, movie, music, or speech



Exposition

This story takes place long, long ago in a faraway land. There was a kingdom torn by war and greed, with a noble king trying to restore his land. This king was named Henry and he loved his kingdom very much.

This sets the tone, establishes setting, introduces characters, and give background information.



External conflict

A struggle against an outside force, which may be another character, society, or nature.



Fact

George Washington was the first President of the

United States of America.

A statement that can be proven



Falling action

In the plot, this action occurs after the climax, when conflicts are resolved and problems solved.



Figurative language

Language that goes beyond the literal meaning of the words



Figure of speech

An expression with a special meaning



Flashback

As Sam rushed to towards the hospital, he remembered how this crazy night began. It all started yesterday, when Sam got home from work.

An interruption in the action of a plot to tell what happened at an earlier time.



Foreshadowing

A writer’s use of hints or clues to suggest events that will occur later in the plot.



Functional materials

Example:

To find more information on our vacuum cleaners, please visit www.vacuum.com.

A form of informational nonfiction…websites, how-to-articles, brochures, fliers, etc.


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 glossary

An alphabetical listing of key words from a book and their definitions with page numbers where the word appears


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 graph

A drawing or diagram that shows the relationship between numbers using pictures, bars, or lines


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 heading

The title of a passage of text which announces the topic to be covered, generally printed in bold type for emphasis


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 hyperbole

A figure of speech in which a statement is exaggerated for emphasis or for humorous effect.


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 idiom

A phrase or expression in which the meaning is different than the literal meaning of the words


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 imagery

Language that appeals to the senses…sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch.


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 index

A list, found in the back of a book, giving the location of every important idea, term, definition, person, and place mentioned in the text



Inference

Because it is pouring rain outside, I am making an inference that I should wear a rain coat today.

A conclusion drawn from combining information read with information from experience or assumed



Informational nonfiction

Writing that provides factual information and that often explains ideas/teaches processes.



Internal conflict

A struggle between opposing needs, desires, or emotions within a single character.


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 interpret

To translate, analyze, or give examples drawn from a text.


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 irony

Example of irony:

A contrast between what is expected and what actually exists or happens.



Journalism the collecting and editing of news to be presented in newspapers or magazines or over television or radio



Listing/description

Sample listing/description:

Home for Sale

• Large backyard

• 5 beds, 3 baths

• 2 car garage

• Located near great school

Pieces of information (facts, reasons, ideas, examples, features, steps, etc.) are listed.



Literary device

An example literary device is personification:

A technique used to achieve a particular effect, such as descriptive/figurative language



Literary element

Setting

Characters

Plot

Includes all the elements in a story; setting, characters, plot (problem, solution, conclusion)



Literary nonfiction

Here are some examples of literary nonfiction titles:

Like fiction, except that the characters, setting, and plot are real rather than imaginary



Literature written works having excellence of form or expression and ideas of lasting and widespread interest



Main idea

Detail

They are playful.

Detail

They like to cuddle.

Main Idea

I like cats.

Detail

My cat is friendly.

Detail

Cats are cute.

The most important idea expressed in a piece of writing


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 metaphor

A comparison of two things that have something in common…it states one thing is something else.


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 mood

The author is describing all of the wonderful colors and smells that are present in the marketplace. This creates a happy mood for the reader.

The feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 moral

A story that teaches a lesson



Multiple meanings

1. I watched the bat fly through the trees.

2. Raymond gripped the bat tightly as he waited for the pitch.

3. I hope I can bat a home run!

The particular meaning of a word that is dependent upon how it is used in a sentence.


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 myth

A traditional story told to explain the customs and beliefs of a society


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 nonfiction

Examples of nonfiction :

•

News articles

•

Biographies

•

Autobiographies

•

Textbooks

Writing that tells about real people, places, and events


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 onomatopoeia

A word that imitates or suggests the source of the sound that it describes.


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 opinion

A personal judgment that someone thinks is true, but that may be true or false



Organizational patterns

Common Organizational Patterns

 Chronological

 Compare and Contrast

 Order of Importance

 Sequence

 Spatial

 Cause and Effect

 Problem and Solution

Text structures found in all types of nonfiction and some fiction.


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 parallelism

The quality or condition of being parallel; a parallel relationship.Likeness, correspondence, or similarity in aspect, course, or tendency


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 paraphrasing

Quoting

Use an exact copy of the author’s words

Author’s words and ideas

Paraphrasing

Use the authors ideas in your own words

Author’s ideas in your words

Must use

“quotation marks” and cite your source

Must site your source

Summarizing

Putting main ideas into your own words

Present only the most important ideas of the author

Must site your source

A restatement of a passage or text in somewhat different words so as to simplify or clarify.


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 personification

A figure of speech in which a nonhuman thing or quality is written about it as if it were human.


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 perspective

A student from America and a student from Germany may have different opinions and standpoints; they may have different perspectives.

A position from which something is considered or evaluated; standpoint.


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 persuasive

To talk someone into doing or believing something; convince


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 plagiarize

To steal and pass off (as the ideas or words of another) as one's own


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 plot

The sequence of events in a story…exposition, rising action, climax, falling action and resolution.


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary – Grade 6-8

Point of view

First person

• Told from “I” perspective

Second

Person

• Told from

“You” perspective

Third Person

• Told from a narrator's perspective

The vantage point from which a writer tells a story


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 predict

To say in advance what one believes will happen; foretell a future event or events


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 prefix

The prefix un means not, or opposite of

A letter or group of letters added to the beginning of a word that changes the meaning



Present tense

The period of time we are in now



Primary source

Primary source is an original document or object that provides you with information

Secondary source is something written about your primary source, like comments on or interpretations of the original document

Materials written by people who were present at events, either as participants or as observers.


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 problem/solution

The girl wouldn’t stop yelling, so I put on my headphones and listen to music.

A text structure which identifies and describes a problem and then offers one or more possible solutions.


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 protagonist

The main character in fiction or drama…the person who sets the plot in motion.


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 pun

Play on multiple meanings of a word or on two words that sound alike but have different meanings.



Question/Answer

An example of question/answer:

Did you know dogs are thought to be the first domesticated animal? Archeologists have found evidence that in ancient civilizations, dogs were trained to hunt and fight in wars dating back to over

15,000 years ago!

When the author poses questions about a topic, then provides support to answer them.


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 quote

Tell me and I forget. Teach me and

I remember. Involve me and I learn.

- Benjamin Franklin

You learn something every day if you pay attention.

- Ray LeBlond to repeat (a passage, phrase, etc.) from a book, speech, or the like.



Reflexive pronoun

A pronoun that is preceded by the noun, adjective, adverb or pronoun to which it refers (its antecedent) within the same clause.



Relevant details

A fact revealed by an author that supports an attitude or tone in a piece of poetry or prose.


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 research

Careful and organized study or gathering of information about a specific topic


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 resolution

The portion of a play or story where the central problem is solved



Rising action

The events in a story that move the plot forward, which involves conflicts and complications.


Prefix


Root word

Root word

The base word you start with before adding prefixes or suffixes


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 sarcasm

A form of verbal irony, usually harsh, that is often used as an insult.


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 satire

An example of satire is parody: when someone takes a popular song and changes the lyrics to poke fun of the original song.

Type of writing that ridicules human weakness, vice, or folly in order to bring about social reform



Secondary resource

Primary source is an original document or object that provides you with information

Secondary source is something written about your primary source, like comments on or interpretations of the original document

Records of events that were created some time after the events occurred.


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 sentence

Abby planted carrots in the vegetable garden.

A group of words that makes sense


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 setting

The time and place of the action in a story, play, or poem.



Shades of meaning small, subtle differences in meaning between similar words or phrases.


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 simile

A figure of speech comparing two things using like or as


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 sonnet

A poem with fourteen lines. Each line has fourteen syllables, and a fixed pattern of rhymes.


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 stereotype something agreeing with a pattern; especially : an idea that many people have about a thing or a group and that may often be untrue or only partly true


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 suffix

The suffix ed means happened in the past

One or more letters added to the end of a root word that changes the word’s meaning



Summary statement

Sample paragraph:

Sunday is Father’s Day, and Maria wants to buy a special gift for her father. She looked at the Father’s Day ads in the newspaper, but they mostly had sales on ties and bottles of cologne. Her father doesn’t like to wear ties, and he never wears cologne. He used to go fishing or bowling on the weekends, but lately he’s been staying home and working in the garden.

Summary statement:

Maria would like to buy her dad a special Father’s Day gift

A general statement that presents the main points or facts in condensed form.



Symbolism the representation of something in symbolic form or the attribution of symbolic meaning or character to something


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 synonym

A word that has the same or almost the same meaning as another word


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 synthesize

Synthesize

Previous

Knowledge

New

Information

Identifying the relationships among two or more ideas.


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 table

A type of graphic aid that presents a group of facts in rows and columns.



Table of contents

A listing by page number of the main topics of a book, usually found in the front of the book


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 technology

The use of science in solving problems



Text box

A distinct section of a page that highlights information found in the main text and provides more information.



Text features

Design elements that include structure of a text and help with the understanding of the text


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 theme

Sample theme:

In this theme, characters find that it is always best to tell the truth.

A subject for a work of literature, art, or music


Reading/Language Arts Vocabulary - Grade 6-8 tone

If a writer is finds their subject to be amusing, he/she may use a humorous tone.

An expression of a writer’s attitude toward a subject.



Workplace document

Materials that are produced or used within a work setting.



World literature

Literature that is circulated beyond its country of origin


6-8 - Reading Vocabulary

It has rained so long, it feels like it’s rained for 40 days and

40 nights.

If the author grew up in Seattle, they may show a bias towards the Seattle

Seahawks when writing a sports story.

1. I wake up

2. I eat breakfast

3. I brush my teeth

4. I get on the bus

5. I get to school

George Washington was the first President of the

United States of America.

As Sam rushed to towards the hospital, he remembered how this crazy night began. It all started yesterday, when Sam got home from work.

Because it is pouring rain outside, I am making an inference that I should wear a rain coat today.

Main Idea

The author is describing all of the wonderful colors and smells that are present in the marketplace. This creates a happy mood for the reader.

Examples of nonfiction :

News articles

Biographies

Autobiographies

Textbooks

An example of satire is parody: when someone takes a popular song and changes the lyrics to poke fun of the original song.

Previous

Knowledge

New

Information

If a writer is finds their subject to be amusing, he/she may use a humorous tone.

Related documents

Products

Support

6-8 - Reading Vocabulary

It has rained so long, it feels like it’s rained for 40 days and

40 nights.

If the author grew up in Seattle, they may show a bias towards the Seattle

Seahawks when writing a sports story.

1. I wake up

2. I eat breakfast

3. I brush my teeth

4. I get on the bus

5. I get to school

George Washington was the first President of the

United States of America.

As Sam rushed to towards the hospital, he remembered how this crazy night began. It all started yesterday, when Sam got home from work.

Because it is pouring rain outside, I am making an inference that I should wear a rain coat today.

Main Idea

The author is describing all of the wonderful colors and smells that are present in the marketplace. This creates a happy mood for the reader.

Examples of nonfiction :

News articles

Biographies

Autobiographies

Textbooks

An example of satire is parody: when someone takes a popular song and changes the lyrics to poke fun of the original song.

Previous

Knowledge

New

Information

If a writer is finds their subject to be amusing, he/she may use a humorous tone.

Related documents

Add this document to collection(s)

Add this document to saved

Suggest us how to improve StudyLib