NS 1300 Emergence of Modern Science
Chapter #17
Plate Tectonics and Physical Geology
Plate Tectonic Theory
Continental Drift
Pangea
Biogeography
Magnetic Reversals
Earth’s Interior
Inner Core (solid)
Outer Core (liquid)
Mantle
Moho
Athenosphere (plastic)
Lithosphere (crust)
Hydrosphere
Atmosphere
Crust – Mantle Boundary
Crustal Plates
Types of Plate Boundaries
Divergent Plate
Boundaries
Convergent Plate
Boundaries
Transform Plate
Boundaries
Divergent Plate Boundaries
Sea-Floor Spreading
Age of Ocean Floor
Magnetic Anomalies
Convergent Plate Boundaries
Subduction
Volcanic Arcs
Orogeny
Transform Boundaries
San Andreas Fault
Hot Spots
Oceanic Hot Spots
Island Chains
Continental Hot Spots
Describing Plate Motion
Rotation Pole
Angular Momentum
Pangea
Quiz
1. T or F, the earth’s mantle is made of solid rock.
2. T or F, the mid-ocean ridge is a convergent boundary.
3. T or F, the Marianis trench is a divergent boundary.
4. T or F, the San Andreas fault is a transform boundary.
5. T or F, the Hawaiian Islands are the result of hot spot volcanism.
Physical Geology
Stratigraphy
Sequence Stratigraphy
Lithostratigraphy
Biostratigraphy
Chronostratigraphy
Structural Geology
Geomorphology
Landscape Geology
Regional Geology
Tectonic Forces
Tectonic forces includes
Plate tectonics
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Compressional forces
Tensional forces
Shearing forces
Volcanism
Orogeny (mountain building)
Faulting and Folding
And Intrusion of magma into the crust
Faults
Normal Fault
Reverse Fault
Strike-Slip Fault
Horst and Graben
Orientation of Rock Units
Strike
Dip
Earth Quakes
Focus
Epicenter
Seismic Waves
P waves
S waves
Folds
Folds
Anticlines
Synclines
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Hinge Zone
Limbs
Axis
Axial Plane
Quiet Volcanoes
Shield Volcanoes
Hot Spot Volcanoes
Fissure Volcanoes
Pillow Lava
Explosive Volcanoes
Features
Magma Chamber
Vent
Crater
Cinder Cone
Caldera
Pyroclastic Flows
Historical Volcanoes
Agents of Weathering and Erosion
Water
Flooding
Dissolution
Wind
Scouring
Aeolian transport
Gravity
Slides,Slumps and Creep
Ice
Frost Wedging
Scouring
(We’ll deal with wind and gravity now, but we’ll deal with water and ice later)
Mechanisms of Sand Transport
Saltation
Sand Drifts
Sand Dunes
Wind Speed
Wind Direction
Variability
Erosional Features
Plateaus
Mesas
Buttes
Gravity
Slides
Rock
Mud
Avalanche
Slumps
Creep
Geologic Column
Outcrops
Formations
Contacts
Intrusions
Batholiths
Laccoliths
Sills
Dikes
Unconformity
Unconformities
Parallel Unconformity
Disconformity
Angular Unconformity
Geologic Maps
Mapping and Satellite Imagery
Quiz
1. T or F, a normal fault results from compressional stress.
2. T or F, a syncline is the downward curve of a fold.
3. T or F, a geologic column shows the sequence of events in the
earth’s past.
4. T or F, a sill is a massive dome shaped intrusion.
5. T or F, a geologic map indicates the rock type exposed on the
earth’s surface.