Unit
Five
Criminal
and
Juvenile
Justice
Unit Five
• Crimes are made up of
certain elements
– The conditions that make up
a crime
• ie Robbery
– Taking of goods or
money
– Use of force
– Lack of consent from
the victim
• So… if someone picks
your pocket, they cannot
be convicted of robbery
Unit Five
• Almost all crimes require
– An act
• The deed the criminal does
– Intent
• The person intended (meant) to
commit the crime
– Liability offenses do not
require intent
• The act is a crime
regardless if the offender
intends to do it
Unit Five
• Parties to a crime
– People involved
– Principal
• Person who
commits the act
– Accomplice
• Someone who
helps the principal
commit the crime
– And is present
at the scene
– Accessory before the
fact
• Person that orders
or helps plan the
crime
– Not at the scene
– Accessory after the
fact
• Helps the criminal
escape capture or
elude police
• Must have
knowledge of the
crime
Unit Five
• There are 5 main
types of crime
– Crimes of Omission
• Failure to act when
legally obligated to
do so
– Not paying
taxes
– Selective
Service
Unit Five
– Preliminary Crimes
• Crime that happens before
a crime can take place
– The crime is trying to
commit another crime
» Solicitation
» Ask, command, urge,
hire another to
commit a crime
Unit Four Types of crime
» Attempt
» Two things in order
to be attempt
» Must intend for the
crime to take place
» Must take a major
step towards
completion
Unit Four Types of crime
» Conspiracy
» An agreement between
two or more people to
commit a crime
» Usually requires an overt
act
Unit FFive Types of crime
• Crimes against the person
– Homicide
• Killing of another human
• Two types of homicide
– Noncriminal
» A killing that is justified or
excusable
» War
» Police
» Executioner
» Self Defense
– Criminal
Unit Four Types of crime
• Criminal Homicide
– Any killing that is not
justified or excusable
• 3 Classes
– Murder
» 1st Degree
» Deliberate
» Malice
» Premeditated
Unit Five
– 2nd Degree
» Deliberate
» Malice
» Not
premeditated
» “heat of the
moment”
Unit Five
– Felony
» Killing takes place during another crime
» Treated the same as 1st degree
Unit Five Types of crime
• Manslaughter
– Voluntary
» Intentional
killing
» Mitigating
circumstances
» Things that
lessen, but don’t
justify the crime
– Involuntary
» Unintentional killing
» Reckless conduct
causes extreme
danger of death
» Playing with a
loaded gun
Unit Five Types of crime
– Negligent Homicide
• Death caused by a
failure to exercise a
reasonable amount
of care
– Car accidents
Unit Five
– Assault
• Attempt or threat to
carry out physical
violence
– Battery
• Unlawful, unconsented
to physical contact by
one person on another
Unit Five
– Aggravated Assault and
Battery
• “Felony Assault”
• 3 ways to commit
– Intent to rape, rob,
murder, or commit
serious bodily harm
– Use of a deadly weapon
– Against a police officer,
prison guard, or any
person in a position of
authority
Unit Five
– Sexual Assault (Rape)
• 2 Types of sexual assault
– Forcible
» Unlawful sex with an unconsenting person
– Statutory Rape
» Sex with a person that has not yet reached
the age of consent
» Does not matter if there is consent or not
Unit Five
• Crimes against property
– Arson
• Burning willfully and maliciously
– Vandalism
• Willful destruction of another’s property
– Larceny
• Taking of another’s property with intent to
steal
– Embezzlement
• Taking of property by someone to whom it
was entrusted
Unit Five
– Robbery
• Theft using force or
intimidation
– Extortion
• Use of threats to obtain
property of another
– Burglary
• Unauthorized entry into
any dwelling with intent
to commit a felony
Unit Four
– Forgery
• Altering a document with
intent to defraud
– Uttering
• Passing off as genuine a
document known to be
fake
– Receiving stolen property
• Buying or getting property
that you have reason to
believe is stolen
– Deal is a little too good
to be true
Unit Five
– Unauthorized use of a
motor vehicle
• Taking, using, or
operating of a vehicle
without consent of the
owner
– Joyriding
Where is my
Car??
Unit Four
• Controversial crimes
– Considered to be crimes
against society
– Involve personal conduct
– Sometimes referred to as
“victimless crimes”
• All parties are willing participants
– Who is the victim?
Unit Four
– Drug Offenses
• Possession
• Sale
• Distribution
–Broken into 5
classes
–Punishment
depends
upon amount
and class
Unit Four
– Sex Offenses
• Offenses against public
morality
– Bigamy
» Having more
than one spouse
at a time
– Adultery
» Sex with
someone other
than your spouse
– Prostitution
» Performance of
sexual acts for
money or favors
Unit Two
– Suicide
• Killing of one’s self
– Not punished as a crime anymore
– Attempted suicide can be
– Euthanasia
• Assisted suicide
– Helping someone else take their own life