JAMES MADISON
4 TH P R E S I D E N T 1 8 0 9 - 1 8 1 7
PHYSICAL APPEARANCE
• 
Stood 5’4” and
weighed 100lbs.
• 
Careful in his
appearance and usually
dressed in black
• 
Modest, soft spoken
and shy
OTHER IMAGES
MARRIAGE
• 
Married the widow,
Dolley Payne Todd
• 
He was 43 when
met her
• She was vivacious and
made up for her
husband’s social
inadequacy.
AMERICAN STATESMAN
• Acutely Intelligent
• Served in Continental
Congress
• “Father of the
Constitution”
• Served 4 terms in House
of Representatives
• Introduced the “Bill of
Rights”
• Secretary of State
under Jefferson
THE PRESIDENCY OF JAMES MADISON
• Defined by the War of 1812
• “America’s 2nd War for Independence
• “The Forgotten War”
• Finally…”Mr. Madison’s War”
WAR OF 1812
Causes
Of
War
• Impressment (British
locked in war with
Napoleon and needed
sailors)
• British restraint on
neutral trade
• British support for
Native attacks on the
frontier
THE WAR HAWKS
• Newly elected
Congressman who
pushed for war.
• Many from the West
• Including Henry Clay of
Kentucky
WAR HAWKS
• John C. Calhoun of
South Carolina
• Felix Grundy of
Tennessee
READINGS
• Reasons to Go to
War
• Madison’s War
Message to
Congress
• War Should be
Declared
• Reasons NOT to Go
to War
• War!
• An Address to the
People of the
Eastern United
States
PRESIDENT ASKS FOR WAR
•June 1, 1812 he asks for a
“Declaration of War.”
THE VOTES ARE IN. WAR!
House votes 79 to 49 on June 4
Senate votes 19 to 13 on June 18
Not one Federalist in either house votes for war!
Irony: Britain repealed “Orders in Council” which
had prohibited trade with France.
• Word got to Madison too late!
•
•
•
•
THE FEDERALIST’S ROLE OR LACK
THEREOF…
• Federalist’s ships were being harassed, but they
didn’t support war!
• The War Hawks didn’t suffer from impressment, yet
they cried for war!
• Federalist's Pro-British position and hatred of
anything Republican decided their vote
• They neither funded nor sent troops to the effort
FIGHTING THE WAR
The war was conducted in four theatres of
operations:
• The Atlantic Ocean
• The Great Lakes and the Canadian frontier
• The coast of the United States
• The Southern States
FAMOUS PEOPLE AND ENGAGEMENTS
• The USS Constitution
defeats the British HMS
Guerriere
• The Constitution was
nicknamed “Old
Ironsides”
OLIVER HAZARD PERRY
• Battle of Lake Erie
• "We have met the
enemy and they are
ours."
• 1813 victory gave US
control of the lake
BURNING OF WASHINGTON
• August 24, 1814
• British wanted to hold
President’s House for
ransom
• No one was home so
they burned it.
GILBERT STUART PAINTING
• Saved by Dolley
Madison
WASHINGTON BURNING
• Library of Congress
burned
• Jefferson sold his library
to Government to help
replace the losses
• $23,950 for his 6,487
books,
• A hurricane and
tornado hit the city
• This helped to limit
damage
OUR NATIONAL ANTHEM
Baltimore
• Leaving Washington
British head for
Baltimore
• Repulsed
• Unable to take Ft.
McHenry
• Star Spangled Banner
• By Francis Scott Key
• Compare and
Contrast the two
political Cartoons
using a Venn
Diagram.
• Work with your talk
partner. I paper.
BATTLE FOR BALTIMORE
BATTLE OF LAKE CHAMPLAIN
LAKE CHAMPLAIN
• The American victory
at the Battle of Lake
Champlain was a
significant turning point
in the War of 1812.
• Despite superior enemy
firepower, an American
naval force was able to
defeat a British
squadron in September
1814 at Plattsburgh Bay
in Lake Champlain.
BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANS
• Occurred 2 weeks after
the war was over
• British took 2000
casualties to Americans
100
• Made Andrew Jackson
a national hero and
rides it to the
Presidency
• Great Moral Booster
Jackson’s force was
composed of
• US Army Troops
• Militia
• Pirates
• Free Blacks
• Native Americans
IMAGE OF THE BATTLE
TREATY OF GHENT
• Signed on Christmas
Eve 1814 and marked
the end of the war.
• Didn’t settle the issue of
impressment
• Neither side lost or
gained territory
• Result was status quo
RESULTS OF THE WAR
• No clear cut victor
• Earned America Respect. In the future Europe
would negotiate rather than go to war
• In the Ohio Valley hostile Indian Tribes were
defeated
• More of a victory over Native Americans
RESULTS POLITICALLY
• Marked the end of Federalist influence
• A sense and spirit of Nationalism and pride
prevailed
• Ushered in the “Era of Good Feeling”
• 1820 Monroe would run unopposed
LONG TERM RESULTS
• America became enamored with military glory and
heroes.
• 5 veterans of the war would become President
• Psychologically it prepared the nation to use power.
• Turned Republican Policies on its ear.
THE HARTFORD CONVENTION
• The War deeply
divided the nation
• The Federalist Party,
centered in New
England ridiculed “Mr.
Madison’s War”
• Delegates from the
region met in Hartford
in December of 1814
• Some talked of
secession and a
separate peace with
England
• 3 commissioners were
set to Washington with
grievances
• Issues raised go no
where. Federalists are
severely weakened.
Party dissolves in 1824
INTERNAL STRUGGLES
• Native American
Resistance
• Thought they were
loosing way of life
• Oft aided by British who
supplied them with
guns
• Tecumseh didn’t want
more land negotiated
away
• Tecumseh
• Leader of the Native
American Resistance
• Brother, The Prophet
was a shaman,
centered in
Prophetstown
TECUMSEH
•
• Stressed strength in
Unity
• Stressed “Red People”
1st then tribes
• See his speech: Sleep
not Longer, O
Choctaws and
Chickasaws
• Sentence Word Phrase
TIPPECANOE
BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE
• William Henry Harrison
• Governor and military
commander of Indian
Territory
• Harrison disturbed by
organizing Genius of
the brothers.
• Given regular troops to
be used only for
defense
• Harrison marched his
troops to Prophetstown
on the Tippecanoe
River
A FABRICATED “DEFENSIVE”
COUNTEROFFENSIVE
• Camped near the town on November 7, 1811
• Left camp without early morning sentries, despite
knowing this is when Indians typically attacked.
• They did, inflicted and took heavy casualties
TIPPECANOE UNCHALLENGED
• Harrison attacks
Prophetstown
• Tecumseh not present
• Harrison rushed reports
to Washington calling it
a victory
• Reports later contradict
his account
• Secretary of War, Eustis
thought it mad for
troop moral to
investigate
• Madison distrusts
Harrison who rides his
legend to the White
House
THE PROPHET
IMAGES
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE VICTORY
• Prophet is
denounced by his
brother Tecumseh
• Prophetstown
destroyed and
alliances falls apart.
• Tecumseh sides with
the British War of
1812, killed 1813.
• Harrison rides his
victory to the
Presidency