Ch. 10 review:
1. What occurs as a cell grows larger and larger in size?
2. An advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction is …?
3. List these structures from smallest to largest: chromosome, chromatid, chromatin, DNA
4. As a result of mitosis, each daughter cell produced from the original parent cell receives how many
chromosomes from the parent cell?
5. Multicellular organisms use mitosis for growth, development, and _______________________?
6. Put these phases of mitosis in their proper sequence: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
7. What is cytokinesis?
8. Cytokinesis usually, but not always, follows mitosis. If a cell completed mitosis but not cytokinesis, the result
would be a cell with _____________________________________________________________________________
9. Why do the cells lining the stomach divide more quickly than those in the brain?
10. What is the cell cycle?
11. Cyclins are internal factors that do what?
12. One difference between cancer cells and normal cells is that cancer cells…?
13. In complex multicellular organisms, cell clusters develop into organ systems and tissues that
take on certain functions. What is the correct term for this cell development?
14. A stem cell has potential medical uses because it……?
15. If a stem cell can give rise to a liver cell, hair cell, or blood cell, it would be considered what?
18. What is an argument in favor of using embryonic stem cells over adult stem cells?
19. Movement of the chromosomes during anaphase would be most affected by a drug that… (this is
why you should never do drugs! They can mess up the cell cycle!)
Ch. 11 Review
20. Through his experiments with pea plants, Gregor Mendel concluded that inheritance of traits is
determined by…?
21. Mendel studied the inheritance patterns of 2 characteristics of peas at once (e.g. seed shape and seed color) to
determine…?
22. The following chart shows the number of 2N chromosomes in
various organisms. List the number of
chromosomes in each gamete (sex cell):
Mosquito _______ Corn _______ Human _______ Dog _______
Organism
Mosquito
Corn
Human
Dog
Number of 2N chromosomes
6
20
46
78
23. If blond hair, green eyes and freckles were always inherited together, the best explanation would
be that these traits are__________________________________________
24. Three babies were mixed up in a hospital. Use the
data to the right to determine the correct parent
and baby combinations.
Couple #
Blood Groups
I
A and A
II
A and B
III
B and O
Baby #
Blood Groups
1
B
2
O
3
AB
25. How many unique gametes could be produced through independent assortment by an individual
with the genotype AaBbCc?
26. In cattle, roan coat color (mixed red and white hairs) occurs in heterozygous (RW) offspring of
red (RR) and white (WW) parents. What combination of parents would produce offspring in the
ratio of 1 red: 2 roan: 1 white?
27. A particular allele in mice is lethal in homozygous individuals. Heterozygous individuals, however,
develop normally. Why does this allele remain in the population?
28. A couple has 2 children, one with brown hair and blue eyes and one with brown hair and brown
eyes. The fact that the children can have the same hair color but different eye color is explained
by ________________________________________________(one of Mendel’s laws or principles…?)
29. A plant with purple flowers is allowed to self-pollinate. Generation after generation, it produces
only purple flowers. This is an example of_____________________________
30. Put following items in order from smallest to largest: cell, nucleus, gene, chromosome
31. A Punnett square shows what different information?
32. Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of _____________(number) genetically __________
(identical/different) cells
33. What process is shown in the diagram above?
34. Why is the process in #16 important in sexually-reproducing organisms?
Ch. 12 Review
35. Why does each cell need DNA?
36. What is the shape of a DNA molecule?
37. What are the three parts of a nucleotide found in DNA?
38. How do nucleotides in DNA pair?
39. What is the first step in DNA replication?
40. What is the end result of DNA replication?
41. Genes contain instructions for assembling ___________________
42. In the chart above, X indicates that a component is
present within the substance:
 Substance 1 and Substance 2 are most likely___________________________________________
43. mRNA carries the message from _______________________________ to ____________________________________
44. Anticodons are part of the structure of _______________
45. The correct order of molecules involved in protein synthesis is …..? (Choose between DNA, messenger RNA,
transfer RNA, polypeptide)
46. What type of mutation would MOST change the protein produced by the original DNA
strand – CATGAGACT? (what does that type of mutation look like?)
47. An error in genetic information present in a body cell of a mammal would most likely produce what?
Ch. 15/16/17 Review:
48. Which evolves, populations, or individuals?
49. What is another name for natural selection? In your own words, what does that other name mean?
50. In 1889, August Weismann, a German biologist, conducted an experiment attempting to produce
mice without tails. He cut the tails off adult mice and then permitted them to mate. All offspring
had long tails. He repeated the experiment many times, always with the same results. This
experiment helped to disprove the concept of _________________________________________________
51. What happens whenever two populations try to occupy the same niche?
52. How does the overuse of antibiotics lead to resistant strains of bacteria?
53. A population of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring is a(n) ____________________
54. Traits that allow for survival in changing conditions are called ______________________
55. Differences among individuals of a species are referred to as what?
56. In the statement “survival of the fittest”, survival means …..
57. The human arm, the whale fin, and the bat wing are traits that may have evolved from a common ancestor.
They are:
58. Selection against the most common variation is known as _____________ selection
59. Stable allele frequencies in a population that is not evolving is called____________________________________
60. The Australian continent contains many species of marsupials (pouched mammals) found nowhere
else in the world. According to modern evolutionary theory, the existence of these species is
most likely the result of
61. What has happened when a flower’s color has been naturally selected to attract a pollinator
that has developed special structures to reach the flower’s nectar?
62. Evolution that produces similar characteristics in unrelated species is ___________________________
63. The theory that evolution results from rapid genetic changes in a population is ___________________________
64. Use the amino acid sequences of common organisms (I made up this information!) to answer the
question below.
Human – A-G-C-S-G-G-C-A-T-S-S
Dog – A-G-C-A-A-G-T-G-G-S-S
Cat – A-G-C-A-A-G-G-T-T-S-S
Bird - A-G-G-G-S-A-A-G-G-S-A
Which organism is most closely related to the human?
Ch. 18 Review:
65. The discipline of classifying organisms and assigning each organism a universally accepted name is called
_________________.
66. ________________ is the classification system in which each species is assigned a two part scientific name.
67. A group of closely related species and the first part of the scientific name in binomial nomenclature is a
_______________.
68. A group or level of organization into which organisms are classifies is known as _______________.
69. A group of genera that share many characteristics is known as a(n) _________________.
70. A ________________ is a group of similar families.
71. A group of similar orders is called a(n) _______________.
72. A _______________ is group of closely related classes.
73. The largest taxonomic group, consisting of closely related phylum is known as a(n) ________________.
74. ________________ was the Swedish botanist who developed binomial nomenclature.
75. A(n) _______________ is a method of grouping organisms together according to their evolutionary history.
76. A(n) _______________ is a characteristic that appears in recent parts of a lineage, but not in its older members.
77. A diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms is known as a(n)
_______________.
78. The model that uses DNA comparisons to estimate the length of time that two species have been evolving
independently is the __________________.
79. A(n) _______________ is a series of paired statements that describe physical characteristics of different organisms.
80. A _________________ is the most inclusive taxonomic category; larger than a kingdom.
81.Two organisms are placed in the same species if they:
82. The main criterion used by Linnaeus to classify organisms is their __________
83. The branch of biology that names and groups organisms according to their characteristics and evolutionary
history is __________
83. An ancestry diagram made by grouping organisms according to their shared derived characters is called a
__________
84. A modern systematic taxonomist would likely consider the following when classifying an organism:
85. The evolutionary history of an organism is its