What is Government?
Government is the institution through
which society makes and enforces it public
policies.
 Every government exercises three basic
powers:
A. legislative —power to make law
B. executive ---power to enforce law
C. judicial---power to interpret law and
settle disputes

1
What do Governments do?
Ensure National Security
 Maintain Order
 Resolve Conflicts
 Provide Services
 Provide for the Public Good

2
Different types of Government
Dictatorship---power held by single person
or small group (a totalitarian dictatorship
holds absolute power over all aspects of
life)
 Monarchy---power held by one person
such as a king or queen, who inherit their
position
 Oligarchy---power held by small group
(some people would say that this is a type
of dictatorship)

3
Examples
Dictatorship----Cuba (Castro)
 Totalitarian Dictatorship---North Korea
(Kim Jong Ill)
 Monarchy---Jordan and Saudi Arabia
 Oligarchy---Theocratic oligarchy—Iran
 Democracy---U.S.A.

4
Democracy---”rule by the people”
1. Direct democracy or Athenian
democracy—people make every decision
2. Republic—an indirect form of democracy
where people elect representatives to
make decisions—The U.S. is a Republic.
“No one pretends that democracy is perfect
or all-wise. Indeed , it has been said that
democracy is the worst form of
government except all those other forms
that have tried from time to time.”
Winston Churchill
5
How governments are organized
Unitary System---the vast majority of the
world’s nations have a unitary system. In
this system authority to govern rest in a
single national government.
 Federal System---divides power between a
national government and regional
governments.(only 25 out of the world’s
190 nations use this system—we are one
of the 25.

6
The American system of government—
origins and foundation

Our form of government---American Democracy
is not like the government of any other country.
What our founding fathers came up with is truly
unique.
A. We have a federal system in which we
divide governmental power between a national
government and state governments.
B. We also have a Constitutional
government where the powers that belong and
don’t belong to the national government are
clearly outlined in a written document.
7
Quiz time----Review
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What is the definition of government?
What is the basic function of the
legislative branch, executive branch,
judicial branch?
What are the 5 basic functions of
government and which two are the most
controversial?
What is the definition of a dictatorship?
What is the definition of a monarchy?
8
Quiz time—Review page 2
6. What is the definition of oligarchy?
7. What is the definition of democracy?
8. What is the definition of totalitarianism?
9. Define Republic
10. Define Direct or Athenian Democracy?
11. What is a unitary system of
government?
12. What is a Federal system of
government?
9
Quiz time---Review page 3
13. What is a Constitutional government?
14. Give an example of a dictatorship?
15. Give an example of a totalitarian
dictatorship?
16. Give an example of a Monarchy?
17. Give an example of a Constitutional
Democracy?
18. Give an example of a theocratic
oligarchy.
10
What events lead the American
colonies to break from England
and form their own country?
11
Place in the correct chronological
order
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
Boston Tea Party
French and Indian War
Bill of Rights added to Constitution
Declaration of Independence
Washington inaugurated as first
President
Shots fired at Lexington and Concord
beginning Revolutionary War
Constitution written in Philly
British surrender at Yorktown
12
Correct order
B. French and Indian War 1754-1763
A. Boston Tea Party 1773
F. Shots Fired at Lexington and Concord
1775
D. Declaration of Independence 1776
H. British Surrender at Yorktown 1781
G. Constitution written in Philly 1787
E. Washington inaugurated as President
1789
C. Bill of Rights added to Constitution 1791
13
What is the foundation for the
national government of this country?
Declaration of Independence
 The Constitution and the 27 Amendments

14
America’s concept of democracy rest
on the following basic notions:
Fundamental worth and dignity of every
person.
 Respect for equality of all persons
 Faith in majority rule, but respect for
minority rights—(Madison worried about
the Tyranny of the majority)
 Recognition of the necessity for
compromise
 Widest possible degree of individual
freedom

15
Question to consider---do not put this
slide in notes
Consider the following theory: Since
democracy promotes the concepts from
the previous slide, nations with democratic
governments do not fight wars against
each other—therefore to bring about a
more peaceful planet, democracy should
be promoted world wide.
 Should the United States be willing to
spend “blood and treasurer” to promote
the spread of democracy? Why? Why not?

16
Where did our system of government
come from?
1. Greek, Roman and English
influences
2. Colonial practices
3. Philosophical influences
4. New ideas created at
Constitutional convention such
as Federalism, separation of
powers and checks and
balances.
17
Three major nations or empires that
have contributed greatly to American
Democracy
Ancient Greece---Athenian direct
democracy
2. Ancient Rome---Indirect or
Representative Democracy (Republic)
3. England---We took many of the ideas of
government from the British
A. rights that belong to citizens
B. representative democracy
C. limited government
1.
18
English documents
Magna Carta 1215
 1. limited power of the government (King)
 2. fundamental rights given to nobles

a) trial by jury

b) due process of law (fair trial)
 English Petition of Rights
1628
 1. early document supporting idea that all men have
rights and established concept of rule of law
 2. included basic rights for all

a) guarantee of trial by jury

b) protection of private property
 English Bill of Rights
1689
 1. limited power of the monarch

A. free elections to those in Parliament (House of
Commons)

B. right of petition

C. parliamentary checks on power of King

19
Examples of English influence on the
U.S. Legislative branch of
Government
The English Parliament had a two house
legislature---The House of Commons and the
House of Lords.---This is known as a bicameral
legislature.
 Today every state except Nebraska has a
bicameral legislature.
 The Congress of the United States is bicameral--The U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of
Representatives.

20
Colonies established practices that
became a key part of nations system
of government.
Written Constitutions in each colony—all called
for a separation of powers between the
Governor and state legislatures, and
representative bicameral legislatures.
 Mayflower Compact-1620—adult males agreed
to form government based on majority rule and
the consent of the governed.
 Some colonial Constitutions included a list of
rights: ex. Virginia Declaration of Rights (George
Mason), Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom
(Thomas Jefferson).

21
Philosophical influences

John Locke (1632-1704)--develops Social
Contract theory of government.
A. Human beings enter into a contract by
agreeing with one another to create a state
(government). Give up some freedom for
security.
B. Government arose out of a voluntary act of
free people.
C. The state exist only to serve the people.
D. The people are the sole source of political
power and they are free to give or withhold that
power as they choose.
22
Concepts created by Social Contract
Theory included in Constitution and
Declaration of Independence






Popular sovereignty- people hold the power to rule.
Limited government- government is not all powerful.
Individual rights- people are born with rights that
were given to them by God.
Representative government- people elect others to
represent their interest.
Ordered government- orderly regulation of
relationships between citizens---opposite of anarchy.
Thomas Jefferson would borrow heavily from the
writings of John Locke when he writes the
Declaration of Independence.
23
Video

United Streaming; American History,
Foundations of American Government--Writing the Constitution segment.
24
Let’s take a look at the Declaration of
Independence
Raise your hand when you see an
example of the following:
 Popular sovereignty
 Limited Government
 Individual rights
 Ordered government
 You do not have to write down the
Declaration in your notes.

25
Declaration of Independence

When in the course of human events, it
becomes necessary for one people to
dissolve the political bands which have
connected them with another, and to
assume among the powers of the earth,
the separate and equal station to which
the Laws of nature and of Nature’s God
entitle them, a decent respect to the
opinions of mankind requires that they
should declare the causes which impel
them to the separation
26
Declaration

We hold these truths to be self evident, that all
men are created equal, that they are endowed
by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights,
that among these are Life, Liberty, and the
pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these
rights, Governments are instituted among Men,
deriving their just powers from the consent of
the governed; That when any Form of
Government becomes destructive of these ends
it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish
it, and to institute new Government , laying its
foundation on such principles and organizing its
powers in such form, as to them shall seem
most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness.
27
Review Continued
4. Name two English documents which played a
large role in influencing the political ideas of
most colonist?
____________________,_________________
5. List two important rights that English citizens
(colonist were English citizens) received because
of the above documents.
___________________,___________________
6. The English Parliament had two houses, the
House of ______and the House of _________.
This is known as a ______________legislature.
Today the U.S. Congress has a ___________
and a ________________.
28
Part 1 Review
1. Which two documents are the foundation of
American Government?
________________, _____________________
2. Put the following events in the proper order.
A. Declaration of Independence
B. Writing the Constitution
C. Articles of Confederation
D. Shots fired at Lexington and Concord
3. Define limited government
29
Review Continued
7. List two Virginia documents that would have a
7
large influence
on the United States Bill of
Rights. Who wrote each?
__________________ written
by________________
__________________ written
by________________
8._____ Which concepts/ideas are part of the
social contract theory?
30
Review Continued
9._____ Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
10. From which political philosopher did the author of the
Declaration borrow from extensively?
_______________
11. From what three nations/empires did we get many of
the ideas that we include in our system of government?
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
12. In 1776 the Declaration of Independence states that
“all men are created equal”----Why did it take so long for
this goal to be reached? Has it been reached? What
areas do we still need to work on? Did they really just
mean that men were equal?
31
Part 2--First National Constitution
The Articles of Confederation were written in
1777 by the Second Continental Congress while
the Revolutionary War was still going on.
 The Articles went into effect in 1781 and would
last until 1787.
 The document creates a unicameral legislature
(Congress) and a very weak national/federal
government.
 Most of the power would stay in the hands of
the individual states.

32
Weakness of Articles of
Confederation.









One vote for each state regardless of size.
Congress powerless to lay and collect taxes.
No Executive (President)
No National Court System
Amendments could only be added with consent
of all states.
9 out of 13 states had to agree to pass any law.
Congress could not regulate trade between
states (interstate commerce).
States could print own money.
States could ignore laws passed by Congress.
(doctrine of nullification)
33
Video

United Streaming—Understanding the
Constitution: Creating a Federal
Government---segments 2,3,4
34
Shays’ Rebellion 1786
Small farmers and property owners (1200
strong) rebel against government in
Massachusetts.
 In reference to Shays’ Rebellion
Washington says “What a triumph for our
enemies to find that we are incapable of
governing ourselves.”
 The rebellion shows the weakness of the
Articles of Confederation and the need for
a new government.

35
Constitutional Convention May 25,
1787
12 out of 13 states send delegates to Philly—
(Rhode Island does not).
 55 delegates attend convention—today we call
them the “Framers”.
 Average age of delegates was 42 (Franklin at 81
oldest)
 The document that they would create would be
described as “the most wonderful work ever
struck off at a given time by the brain and
purpose of man.”
English statesman William Gladstone

36
Early attempt to fix Articles

1786-five states meet in Annapolis
Maryland to discuss the problems facing
the country. They ask for a second
meeting to be held in Philadelphia in 1787.
37
Constitutional Convention
Elect George Washington as President of
Convention.
 Decide to conduct their meetings in secrecy.
 First major decision made--write a new
constitution and get rid of the Articles of
Confederation.
 James Madison would contribute the most to
the constitution –that is why he is known as the
“Father of the Constitution.”

38
Part 2 Review
1.
The Articles of ______ was our nation’s
first attempt at creating a national
government.
2. The Articles created a _____ legislature
3. The Articles were written
A. before the Revolutionary War
B. during the Revolutionary War
C. after the Revolutionary War
39
Part 2 Review
4. Which of the following was not one of the
weaknesses of the Articles?
A. 9 out of 13 states needed to pass a law
B. States could print own money
C. No Congress was created
D. Congress powerless to lay and collect taxes
E. States could ignore laws passed by Congress
F. No Executive or National Court System
40
Part 2 Review
5. What action taken by a small group of
farmers in Massachusetts showed the
world that under the Articles we were
incapable of governing ourselves?
6. In what year did the Constitutional
Convention take place?
7. In what city did the Convention take
place?
8. How many states sent delegates to the
Convention?
41
Part 2 Review
9. Who was the oldest delegate?
10. What famous Virginian was not there?
11. Who was selected President of the
Convention?
42
Part 2 Review
12. Which of the following was the first major decision
made at the Convention?
A. Jefferson was to be President
B. Rhode Island must send a representative before they
could proceed
C. They were going to rid themselves of the Articles of
Confederation and write a new Constitution.
D. to meet again next year in Annapolis
13. Who contributed more than anyone else to the
Constitution? (considered “Father of the Constitution”)
43
Part 2 Review
14. If you could add one amendment to the
Constitution what would it be and why?
Remember many things can be
accomplished through legislation----only
major items of fundamental change
should be considered through
amendments.
44
Part 3---Major plans presented at
Convention

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Virginia Plan—(large state plan) largely
the work of Madison.
3 separate branches of government.
Legislature would be bicameral
Representation in each house based on
population.
Lower house elected by people in each
state.
Upper house chosen by Lower House.
Executive and Judicial branches would
be selected by the Legislative branch.
45
Summary of Virginia Plan
This plan was popular among the large
states, but unpopular with the small
states. Why?
 All the power in the new national
government would be in the hands of the
legislature. A legislature that was going to
be dominated by the large states.

46
Major plans presented at Convention

1.
2.
3.
New Jersey plan—(small state plan)
William Paterson
Unicameral Congress with equal
representation.
Federal Executive of more than one
person selected by Congress.
Federal Judiciary (Federal Courts)
appointed by Chief Executives.
47
Question for class

Based on the notes that you have taken
so far and what you already know about
the Federal Government, what parts of the
Virginia Plan were adopted and what parts
of the New Jersey Plan were adopted?
48
Great Compromise (Connecticut
Compromise—Roger Sherman)
1.
Bicameral legislature:
lower house (House of Representatives)
to be based on population.
The upper house (United States Senate)
to be based on equal representation.
49
Powers given to Congress
Article 1, Section 8, Clauses 1 thru 18 list
27 powers of Congress.
 First power given to Congress is to lay and
collect taxes.
 Second power is the power to borrow
money
 Third power is to regulate Commerce with
foreign nations and among the several
states.

50








Other powers given to Congress in
Articles I, Section 8, Clauses 1 thru
18
Establish rules of Naturalization
Coin Money
Provide for punishment for counterfeiting
Establish post offices
Provide for copyrights and patents
Create federal courts
Declare War
Provide for and maintain the nations armed
services
51
Article 1, Section 8, Clause 18----The
Elastic Clause or Necessary and
Proper Clause
Congress can make all laws which shall be
necessary and proper for carrying into
execution the foregoing powers and all
other powers vested by this Constitution in
the Government of the United States, or
any Department thereof.
 This clause is the basis for all the implied
powers of the United States Government.

52
What does the Supremacy Clause
say?
Article VI (6) section 2
 A specific declaration of the supremacy of
federal law over any and all forms of state
law. No State, including its local
governments may make or enforce any law
that conflicts with any provision in the
Constitution, and act of Congress, a
treaty, or regulation properly issued by the
President.

53
Limits on power of the national
government—Article I, Section 9,
Clauses 1 thru 8
Writ of Habeas Corpus may not be
suspended unless public safety may
require it.
 No Bill of Attainder (punishment without
trial)
 No tax on exports
 No granting titles of nobility

54
Limits on powers of state
governments—Article 1, Section 10,
clauses 1,2,3
States cannot enter into a treaty with
another nation.
 States cannot coin money
 States can not pass a bill of attainder
 States can not pass ex post facto laws
 States can not grant titles of nobility
 States can not tax imports or exports

55
Compromises—other than Great
Compromise
56
Who should count as population?
If the House of Representatives was going
to be based on population then that would
mean that you would have to count the
population of a state. The question arose
who should count as population?
 Southern states wanted to count slaves
which would increase their population,
thus increasing their representation in the
new Congress.
 Northern States did not want slaves
counted.

57
Three-Fifths Compromise
Slaves would be counted as three-fifths of
a person when determining the population
of any state.
 Compromise would be abolished in 1865
with the adoption of 13th. Amendment
that abolished slavery.

58
Commerce and Slave Trade
Compromise
Congress was given the power to regulate
foreign and interstate commerce.
 Southerners were worried that the north
would push through legislation that would
end slavery and tax southern tobacco and
cotton exports.
 To satisfy the southern delegates
Congress was forbidden the power to tax
exports and to act on the slave trade for a
period of 20 years. (In 1808 Congress did
ban the importation of slaves).

59
Electoral College Compromise
Some at the convention wanted to elect
the President by popular vote.
 Others wanted the President to be
selected by Congress.
 The Compromise was the electoral college
system which was proposed by Alexander
Hamilton.

60
Electoral College System Review
We have elected every President using the
Electoral College System.
 The number of electoral votes a state receives is
determined by the number of Senators and
Representatives a state has. 2+x=EV---examples Virginia 2+11=13, California
2+53=55, Wyoming 2+1=3
 There are a total of 538 electoral votes and it
takes 270 electoral votes to be elected
President.
 A candidate can win the popular vote and lose
the election by losing the electoral college

61
End of Part 2---2009

Quiz 2
62
Convention completes its Work
September 17, 1787 39 names are placed on
finished document.
 In order for it to go into effect 9 out of 13 states
had to approve it.
 In the battle for approval (ratification) two
groups emerged.
1. Federalist –supported ratification—John
Adams and Alexander Hamilton
2. Anti-Federalist—opposed ratification
Patrick Henry, Thomas Jefferson and George
Mason

63
Major criticisms by anti-federalist
Absence of any mention of God.
2. Denial of states the right to print money.
3. Greatly increased powers of central
government.
4. Lack of list of rights (Bill of Rights)
“I look upon that paper as the most fatal
plan that could possibly be conceived to
enslave a free people.” Patrick Henry
1.
64
Federalist Papers
A collection of 85 essays written in
support of ratification of the Constitution.
 They were published in the local
newspapers of the day. (Especially in the
state of New York where the vote on
ratification had not taken place)
 Written by Alexander Hamilton, James
Madison, and John Jay.
 Considered among the best political
writings in the English language, they are
still used today by scholars to determine
the intent of the Founding Fathers.

65
New Government takes over
Eventually all 13 states ratify the
Constitution.
 The Bill of Rights (First 10 Amendments)
would be added four years later in 1791.
 The new Congress met first on March 4,
1789 in New York. On April 30, 1789
George Washington was sworn in as the
first President of the United States.

66
The Constitution
Preamble
Article I-Legislative Department
Divided into 10 sections
Article II-Executive Department
Divided into 4 sections
Article III-Judicial Department
Divided into 3 sections
Article IV-Relations among the States
Divided into 4 sections
Article V-Provisions for Amendment

67
The Constitution continued
Article VI-Public Debts, Supremacy of
National law, oath
Divided into 3 Sections
Article VII-Ratification of Constitution
27 Amendments
68
Four methods of Amending the
Constitution
1. Proposed by two thirds vote in each
house. Ratified by ¾’s (38) state
legislatures.—26 out of 27 done this way.
2. Proposed by two thirds vote in each
house. Ratified by ¾’s (38) state
conventions.
3. Proposed by a national convention,
called by Congress at the request of 2/3’s
(34) of the states. Ratified by ¾’s (38)
state legislatures.
4. Proposed by a national convention and
ratified by ¾’s (38) state conventions.
69
Amendments
11. Immunity of states from certain lawsuits
12. Changes in electoral college system
13. Abolition of slavery
14. Citizenship, due process, equal protection.
15. No denial of vote because of race or color.
16. Power of Congress to tax incomes.
17. Popular elections of U.S. Senators.
18. Prohibition of alcohol.
19. Women given right to vote.
20. Change dates on start of Presidential and
Congressional terms.
21. Repeal of 18th. Amendment
22. Limit on Presidential terms.
70
Amendments continued
23. District of Columbia given 3 electoral
votes in Presidential election.
24. Ban on poll tax.
25. Presidential succession, vice-presidential
vacancy, presidential disability.
26. Voting age changed to 18
27. Congressional pay can not be raised
during the term of a Congress person.
71
Major Principles in the Constitution
1. Popular Sovereignty—rule by the people
A. The Preamble begins with “we the people of
the United States in order to form a more
perfect union”
2. Federalism—power is divided between the
national government and the state governments.
The Supremacy Clause of the Constitution
provides for a “ladder of laws”- Article 6
U.S. Constitution
Acts of Congress and Treaties
State Constitutions
State Laws (acts of state legislature)
City and County ordinances.
72
Major Principles continued

Examples of Federalism at work1. States make up their own rules on how to
conduct Presidential elections inside their own
states.
2. Some states have the death penalty and some
don’t. (also radar detectors and gay marriage)
3. When the national (federal) government
declares marijuana illegal states can not make it
legal (Supremacy Clause—Article 6)
4. The Full Faith and Credit Clause (Article 4)
deals with relations between the states. The
Constitution says that all states must honor the
public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of
another state. (So if you get legally married in
Utah and move to Virginia, you are still married)
73
3. Separation of Powers

The three branches of government
(executive, judicial, and legislative) are
separate and distinct.
A. Executive branch—enforces the law
B. Legislative branch---makes the law
C. Judicial branch---interprets the law
74
4. Checks and Balances
Each branch of government exercises
some control on the other branches of
government.
Examples:
A. Congress passes a bill and the President
vetoes it.
B. Congress may override a Presidential
veto.
C. The Supreme Court may declare a law
unconstitutional (judicial review).

75
5. Limited Government

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The Congress limits the power of
government. Examples:
Congress shall not pass an Ex post Facto
law.
Congress shall not pass a bill of
attainder.
Congress may not take away a persons
freedom of speech or press.
Congress shall not tax exports.
Congress shall not create a state from
another state without the permission of
that states legislature.
76
6. Judicial Review
This power, which belongs to the federal
courts, is not explicitly stated in the
Constitution.
 It was first used by the Supreme Court in
Marbury v. Madison in 1803.
A. The Supreme Court ruled that a law
which had been passed by Congress and
signed by the President was
unconstitutional.
Today the Federal Courts may rule that any
action of government (federal, state, or
local) is Unconstitutional.

77
A few examples of governmental
actions being ruled unconstitutional
(judicial review).





Segregation of public schools by state and local
governments.
Requiring students to stand for the pledge or
participate in prayer before each school day.
Requiring a wife get her husbands permission
before getting an abortion.
Putting someone on trial with out a lawyer if
there is a possibility that they could go to jail.
States prohibiting bi-racial couples from getting
married.
78
Part 2 Review
The Virginia plan was largely the work of
A. James Madison B. Thomas Jefferson
C. George Mason D. Alexander Hamilton
2. The Virginia plan called for ---branch (es) of
government.
A. one B. two C. three D. four
3. The Virginia plan called for a -----legislature
4. The Virginia plan favored ---states
A. large B. small C. midsize D. southern
1.
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Quiz Continued
5. The Virginia plan called for the representation in the
legislature to be based on ----A. tax contributions B. region C. slaves D. population
6. The New Jersey Plan favored---states.
A. Southern B. Northern C. large D. small
7. The New Jersey plan called for a ----legislature.
A. unicameral B. bicameral C. trilateral D. complex
8. According to the New Jersey plan how were the
federal executives to be chosen?
A. By the people
B. By Congress
C. By the states
D. by the Courts
9. According to the New Jersey plan representation in
Congress was to be -----divided among the states.
A. fairly
B. proportionally
C. equally
D. randomly
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Quiz Continued
10. The Great Compromise called for a ----legislature.
A. unicameral B. bicameral C. trilateral
11. The Great Compromise called for a lower house to be based
on ---------.
A. square miles B. population C. tax dollars contributed
12. The Great Compromise called for a upper house to be based
on ----- representation.
A. square miles B. population C. equal
13. Today the population of each state is determined every 10
years by conducting a/an -----A. election B. census C. revolution D. convention
14. According to one of the first compromises reached at the
Convention the “Framers” determined that slaves were to be
counted as -------(fraction) of a person. This practice was
abolished by the 13 Amendment.
A. one half B. two thirds C. three fifths D. three quarters
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Quiz Continued
15. To satisfy southern delegates at the
convention the Framers decided that
Congress would be forbidden to tax------.
A. Cotton
B. plantations
C. slaves
D. exports
16. To satisfy southern delegates at the
convention the Congress was forbidden
to outlaw ----trade until 1808.
A. cotton B. tobacco C. slaves D. sugar
82
Quiz continued
17. The Electoral College was created as a
response to those who worried that the
common people of America were not
informed enough to make a wise choice
for -------.
A. President B. Supreme Court
C. Governor
D. Senators
18. True or False
The Electoral College has not played a
role in determining the outcome of a
Presidential election in over 100 years.
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Quiz
19. What two groups emerged during the
argument over the ratification of the
Constitution?
20. According to the Constitution how many states
were needed to ratify the Constitution before it
went into effect?
21. How many states eventually ratified the
Constitution?
22. John Adams and Alexander Hamilton were
considered part of which political group during
the argument over the Constitution?
23. Patrick Henry and George Mason were
considered part of which political group during
the argument over the Constitution?
84
Quiz
24. Which of the following was not a major
criticism of the Constitution by the antifederalist?
A. lack of a list of individual rights.
B. greatly increased the powers of national
government at the expense of the states.
C. Absence of any mention of God.
D. greatly increased the powers of the
states at the expense of the national
government.
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Quiz
25. What was the purpose of the “Federalist
Papers”?
A. convince states to ratify Constitution
B. convince states to not ratify Constitution
C. convince Congress to ratify Constitution
D. convince Congress to not ratify Constitution.
26. Which of the following was not an author of
the “Federalist Papers”?
A. James Madison
B. Thomas Jefferson
C. John Jay
C. Alexander Hamilton
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Quiz
27. Who was the author of the Bill of Rights?
28. How many amendments were proposed by the
above author? How many passed?
29. Where did the first Congress of the United
States meet under the new Constitution?
30. When were the Bill of Rights added to the
Constitution?
31. The Constitution is divided into ----Articles.
32. The Constitution has ----amendments.
33. In which Articles will you find the Executive
Branch organized?
34. In which Articles will you find the Judicial
Branch organized?
35. In which Articles will you find the Legislative
Branch organized?
36. Which Article is the longest?
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Part 2 Review continued
The Constitution is divided into --Articles.
2. The Constitution has ---Amendments.
3. Which of the following terms is best
defined as “rule by the people”---that the
power to govern a nation resides with
the people of that nation?
A. federalism
B. popular sovereignty
C. judicial review D. Checks and balances
1.
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Quiz
4. Which of the following terms is best
defined as a system of government that
divides power between a national
government and several regional (state)
governments?
A. popular sovereignty
B. Federalism
C. checks and balance
D. separation of powers
89
Quiz
5. Which of the following terms is best
defined as the power possessed by the
judicial branch of government that allows
it to declare that an action of
government is unconstitutional?
A. Federalism
B. popular sovereignty
C. Judicial Review
D. Checks and Balances
90
Quiz
6. True/False-----States make up their own
rules on how to conduct Presidential
elections within their own state.
7. True/False----Some states have the death
penalty and others do not.
8. True/False----The Full Faith and Credit
Clause says that all states must honor the
public acts, records, and judicial
proceedings of another state.
91
Quiz
9. Using the Supremacy Clause as a guide, put
the following in the correct order of
dominance:
A. local city or county ordinances
B. State Constitutions
C. U.S. Constitution
D. State Laws
E. Laws passed by United States Congress
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Quiz
10. Which branch of government enforces
the law?
A. executive B. judicial C. legislative
11. Which branch of government makes the
law?
A. executive B. judicial C. legislative
12. Which branch of government interprets
the law?
A. executive B. judicial C. legislative
93
Quiz
14. Which Supreme Court case established
that the Federal Courts had the power to
determine the Constitutionality of
governmental actions?
A. McCulloch v. Maryland
B. Marbury v. Madison
C. Brown v. Bd. Of Ed.
D. Nixon v. New York Times
94
Quiz
15. Which method of amending the Constitution
has been used most often (26 out of 27
times)?
A. Proposed by 2/3 vote in each house and
ratified by ¾’s of the state legislatures.
B. Proposed by 2/3 vote in each house and
ratified by ¾’s of conventions held
in each state.
C. Proposed by a national convention and
ratified by ¾’s of state legislatures
D. Proposed by a national convention and
ratified by ¾’s of conventions held in each
state.
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Quiz
16. Which of the following topics has been
most recently considered by Congress as
amendments to the Constitution?
A. gay marriage and flag burning
B. reinstitution of the draft and 16 olds
allowed to vote.
C. Washington D.C. to get representation
in Congress and abolishment of Electoral
College system
D. abolishment of income tax and
legalization of marijuana
96
Power Point Review part 2
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Who was responsible for most of what became
known as the Virginia Plan?
James Madison
How many branches of Government did the
Virginia Plan call for?
Three---Executive, Judicial, Legislative
What group of states did the Virginia plan favor?
why?
Large states---House was to be determined by
population and just about every other part of
government was going to under the control of
the House of Representatives.
97
Power Point Review
The Virginia Plan called for representation in the
legislative branch based on--- Population
 The New Jersey plan favored which group of states?
 Small
 According to the New Jersey plan what would the
Executive Branch look like?
 An executive council made up of more than one person
 According to the New Jersey plan, how was
representation to be divided in the legislature?
 Equally among each state
 The Great Compromise called for what type of
legislature?
 bicameral
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Power Point Review
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The Great Compromise called for a legislature where the lower
house (House of Representatives) was to based on----and the upper
house (Senate) was to based on ---Population---------Equal Representation
Today, in order to determine the population of a state a/an---is
conducted every ten years.
Census
According to a compromise at the convention, slaves were to be
counted as---- of a person. This was eliminated by the ---amendment.
Three Fifths-------13th Amendment
To satisfy southern delegates to the Convention, the Framers
decided that the new Congress could not tax----Exports
To satisfy southern delegates to the Convention, the Framers
decided that the new Congress could not outlaw what type of trade
until 1808?
slave
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Power Point Review continued
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The electoral college was created as a response to those who
worried the common people were not informed enough to make a
wise choice for--President
Today the total number of electoral votes is?
538
Which Congressional District do you live in? Who is your
Representative?
6th.---Bob Goodlatte
How many Representatives to the U.S. House does Virginia have?
11
What is the total number of Congressional Districts in the U.S.?
435
How many Representatives does Washington D.C. have?
zero
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Power Point Review part 2
What two groups emerged during the argument over
ratification of the Constitution?
 Federalist and Anti-federalist
 According to the Constitution how many states were
needed for the Constitution to go effect? How many
states eventually passed it?
 Nine----thirteen
 John Adams and Alexander Hamilton were considered
part of which political group?
 Federalist
 Patrick Henry, Thomas Jefferson and George Mason
were part of which political group?
 Anti-Federalist
 What were the major criticisms of the Constitution?
No mention of God----states could not print money
no bill of rights-----too much power given to national
govt.
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Power Point Review part 2
What was the purpose of the Federalist Papers?
 Convince states to ratify Constitution
 Who wrote Federalist Papers?
 Hamilton, Madison, Jay
 Who was the author of the Bill of Rights?
 James Madison
 How many amendments were proposed by Madison in
1789? When were they added to Constitution
 12----ten were approved at that time----1791
 Where did first Congress meet under new Constitution?
 New York
 The Constitution is divided into how many articles?
 seven
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Power Point Review part 2
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Today—how many amendments?
27
In which articles is the Legislative Branch, Executive Branch, Judicial
Branch?
First—Leg, Second—Ex, Third—Judicial
Which Amendment procedure has been used 26 out of 27 times?
Two thirds vote in House, Two thirds vote in Senate, ¾’s of the
state legislatures
Using the Supremacy Clause as a guide, put the following in the
correct order: local ordinances, State laws, U.S. Constitution, Laws
passed by Congress, State Constitutions.
U.S. Constitution, Laws passed by Congress, State Constitutions,
State Laws, local ordinances
Which Supreme Court established the principle of Judicial Review?
Marbury v. Madison
What does the Full Faith and Credit Clause do?
Requires states to honor the public acts, records, and judicial
proceeding of another state.
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Quiz Review Part 1
Which two documents are the foundation
of the American System of Government?
 Declaration of Independence and The
Constitution.
 List two rights that are founding fathers
were familiar with as English Citizens?
 Trial by jury----protection of private
property
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104
Quiz
List three countries/empires who were
major contributors to our system of
government.
 Roman Empire, Greek Empire, England
 The State of Connecticut deciding to allow
gay marriage while Virginia does not is an
example of which Constitutional principle?
 Federalism
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105
Quiz
List three English documents that had a
large influence on our system of
government?
 Magna Carta, English Petition of Rights,
English Bill of Rights.
 Which English King lost his head because
he would not sign the English Petition of
Rights?
 Charles I
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Quiz
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Which royal family agreed to sign the English Bill
of Rights before taking the throne? (hint: school
in Williamsburg)
William and Mary
What are the two legislative bodies in the
English Parliament?
House of Commons and House of Lords
What are the two legislative bodies in the
Congress?
Senate and House of Representatives
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Quiz
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Which document written in 1777 by the Second
Continental Congress was the United States first
attempt at forming a permanent national
government?
Articles of Confederation
Who wrote the Virginia Statute of Religious
Freedom?
Thomas Jefferson
Who wrote the Virginia Declaration of Rights?
George Mason
Define Limited Government
Government is not all powerful
108
Quiz
List three concepts developed by Locke’s Social Contract
theory?
 Popular Sovereignty, Limited Government, Individual
rights, Representative Government, Ordered
Government
 Madison was concerned that in a democracy the majority
could take away the rights of the minority—he described
this problems as-------- The tyranny of the majority
 How many states sent delegates to the Constitutional
Convention in 1787? How many delegates?
 12----55
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109
Quiz
Who was the oldest delegate at the Convention?
Franklin
Who was President of the Convention?
George Washington
What was the first major decision made at the
Convention?
 To write new Constitution
 Which famous Virginian did not attend the
Constitutional Convention?
 Jefferson
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110
True False
The articles of Confederation had a Congress with a
bicameral legislature
 The Congress created by the Articles had the power to
tax exports.
 Under the Articles the President was Commander in
Chief
 Under the Articles states could print their own money.
 Under the Articles the Supreme Court had the power of
Judicial Review.
 Under the Articles state retained most of the power to
govern.
 Shays Rebellion demonstrated the weakness of the
Articles.
 Under the Articles the states with the largest population
had more representation in Congress.
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111
Put in Chronological order
A. Declaration of Independence
B. Washington inaugurated as President
C. Victory at Yorktown
D. Shots fired at Lexington and Concord
E. Constitutional Convention
D---A----C----E-----B
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Quiz
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What is the term that describes a legislature
with two parts?
Bicameral
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson
Who is considered the Father of the
Constitution?
James Madison
From which political philosopher did the author
of the Declaration of Independence borrow from
extensively?
John Locke
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