Protists
Observations
Magnification__________________
Magnification_____________________
Protist name______________
Magnification__________________
Protist name:_____________
Magnification_____________________
Protist name______________
Protist name:_____________
Questions:
1. Does the ameba retain a constant shape? Explain your answer.
2. Which protist moved the slowest?
3. Why do you think protists show colors green, yellow, and brown?
4. What characteristics of an animal does the euglena posses?
5. How do the eyespot and the chloroplasts work together to help the euglena survive?
6. Some of the white blood cells in your body show ameboid movement. What does this mean?
7. Why is it important for a photosynthetic organism to live near the surface of a body of water?
8. Euglenas are generally autotrophic organisms. Why does this characteristic make the euglena a good choice for
use in the biology laboratory?
9. Give one ecological benefit of algae.
10. What is the function of the central vacuole?
11. Where are protists found?
Sponges and Hydras
Observations:
Grantia
Grantia, Longitudinal Section
Magnification:_____
Hydra, Whole Mount
Magnification:________
Grantia Spicules
Magnification:_____
Hydra, Longitudinal Section:
Magnification:________
Discussion Questions: Hydra and Sponges
1) How does a sponge get oxygen and food?
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2) What is the function of the spicules of the sponge?
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3) What was the purpose of the chlorine bleach solution in Part A of the investigation?
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4) What body structures make the sponge well adapted for living in water?
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5) What is the function of the gastrovascular cavity of the hydra?
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6) Compare the sponge and hydra in terms of body symmetry and tissue structure.
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7) How does a sponge differ from flagellate protists?
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8) Why do you think a Grantia sponge should not be used to wash a car?
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9) How did the discovery and production of artificial sponges change the population if natural sponges?
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10) “Cnid” is the Greek word for nettle, or stinging hair. Is the phylum name Cnidaria appropriate to the group of
organisms such as hydra and jellyfishes? Explain.
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Flatworms and Roundworms
Magnification:_____
Planarian (Dugesia)
Magnification:_____
Vinegar Eel (Turbatrix)
Magnification:_____
Tapeworm (Taenia)
Magnification:_____
Trichinella
Flatworm and Roundworm
Discussion Questions
1) How do flatworms and roundworms differ in body structure?
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2) How are flatworms similar to roundworms in body structure?
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3) Why are structures for locomotion lacking in parasitic flatworms and roundworms?
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4) Would the nervous and digestive systems be more complex in free-living forms or the parasitic forms of the
flatworms and roundworms? Explain.
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5) Why is the term “eyespot” instead of eye used when referring to the structure at the anterior end of the
planarian body?
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6) List two advantages that parasitic worms have over free-living worms.
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7) Why is it rare hat an individual parasite will kill a host?
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8) You have taken a job as a product inspector in a large meat packing company. As your first assignment, you
must inspect pork for the presence of trichina worms. What should you look for?
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EARTHWORM
Label Anatomy of the Earthworm
External Anatomy
Internal Anatomy
Discussion Questions: Earthworm
1) Describe the shape of the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the earthworm’s body.
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2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
How many segments are in your earthworm? _________________________________
In which segments is the clitella located?___________________________________
Where are setae located in the earthworm?__________________________________
How many setae are on each segment?______________________________________
Why is it important to not make a deep cut with the scissors when dissecting your earthworm specimen?
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7) How does the earthworm’s digestive system adapt it to filtering food out of the soil?
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8) Describe two ways in which an earthworm’s body is adapted to life in the soil.
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9) Describe one way that an earthworm is poorly adapted to life on land.
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10) How might an earthworm’s lack of appendages be an adaptation to burrowing?
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11) Explain how an earthworm enriches and aerates the soil, thus improving it for plant growth.
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MOLLUSCA
Squid Discussion Questions:
1. KingdomPhylumClass2. What is the Latin meaning of the phylum and class?
3. How do squid protect themselves from predators?
4. What happened when you rubbed the chromatophores?
5. Where does squid fit into the marine food web?
6. What role does the squid play in the ocean ecosystem?
7. What adaptations does the squid have that allow it to play that role?
8. Have you ever used a squid for food or as fish bait? What were you trying to catch?
9. Describe the function of each of the following parts:
Fin
Chromatophores
Eye
Arms and Tentacles
Suction cups
Pen
Mantle
Gonad
Heart
Gills
Inc sac
Siphon
ARTHROPODA
CHARACTERISTIC
Legs present
Number of leg pairs
Legs jointed
Body in regions
Abdomen segmented
Appendages on abdomen
Eyes present
Antennae present
Number antennae
Wings present
Mouth parts present
Telson present
Type of respiratory system
Location of nerve cord
Location of heart
Name of excretory organ
Similar digestive system
Exoskeleton present
Type of circulatory system
Sexes separate
CLASS INSECTA
(GRASSHOPPER)
CLASS CRUSTACEA
(CRAYFISH)
IS TRAIT SIMILAR FOR
BOTH CLASSES? YES OR NO
1. Compare the movement of the grasshopper’s jaws to those of humans.
2. Describe the texture of the grasshopper’s exoskeleton.
3. How do simple and compound eyes differ?
4. Compare the forelegs and jumping legs in terms of structure and size.
5. What sex is your grasshopper? How can you tell?
6. List two characteristics of chitin that make it a good material for the exoskeleton and wings of arthropods.
7. How is the grasshopper adapted to detect moving objects in the environment?
8. What are the mouthparts of a grasshopper adapted to do?
9. Of the three body regions of the grasshopper which one is specialized for locomotion?
10. What do you think is the function of the spine like structures found on the tibia and tarsus?
11. How can a grasshopper’s exoskeleton be both and advantage and disadvantage?
12. List three structures of the grasshopper that are adaptations for life on dry land.
13. Most insects are small as compared to most vertebrates. Do you think being small is more of an advantage or
disadvantage to insects? Give evidence to support their answer.
14. Explain how grasshoppers dig holes to lay their eggs.
FROG
1. Describe the color of the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the frog.
2. Is your frog male or female? How can you tell?
3. Where is the tongue attached to the mouth?
4. How many lobes does the liver contain?
5. What is the shape of the stomach?
6. Describe the mesentery that holds the intestines.
7. Describe the inside wall of the stomach.
8. Describe the contents of the frog’s stomach.
9. Compare the walls of the two atria and the ventricle.
AtriaVentricle10. Describe the movement of the leg muscles as the leg is bent and straightened.
11. Frogs are insect eaters. How is the frog’s tongue designed for the type of food it eats?
12. List three adaptations that permit the frog to live on land successfully.
a.
b.
c.
13. List three adaptations that permit the frog to live in water successfully.
a.
b.
14. The frog’s sense organs are located on top of the head. How does this help the frog when it is in the water?
FETAL PIG
FETAL PIG DISSECTION LAB ANALYSIS QUESTIONS
Pig lab #1- External Anatomy
1. What is meant by gestation period?
2. What is the approximate age of your pig?
3. How does a fetus get rid of its waste products?
4. What types of external features are used to separate mammals into orders?
5. What goes in and out of the external nares?
6. What is another word for pinna? What is its function?
7. What is another name for the chest region of the pig?
8. What is another name for the “belly” region of the pig?
Pig lab #2- Oral Cavity
1. Why is the sense of taste and smell important to organisms?
2. What is the function of the epiglottis?
3. What substances are secreted by oral cavity of humans that aid digestion? Name these substances and tell what
each does to help digestion.
4. The esophageal opening is top of which tube? Where does this tube lead?
Pig lab #3- Digestive System
1. Describe the intestinal mesentery.
2. In humans, what structure is found at the junction of the small and large intestine?
3. What is the posterior opening of the digestive tract called? The anterior opening?
4. How many lobes (sections) does the liver have?
5. Where does the bile duct lead to and what substance does it carry?
6. List the function of each
Stomach
Esophagus
Small intestine
Large intestine
Pancreas
Liver
Gall bladder
7. What structure separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity? Spasms of this muscle cause what
problem?
8. What is an ulcer?
9. What is done in an appendectomy? Through which cavity does the surgeon enter?
Pig Lab #4- Circulatory System
1. Which is larger, the right or left ventricle? Why?
2. To what structure do the pulmonary arteries lead?
3. Why are arteries larger than veins?
4. What are the primary functions of the circulatory system?
5. In humans, what results when a valve is leaving blood backwards in the heart?
6. Why is it so difficult to get into the heart during surgery?
Pig lab #5- Respiratory System
1. Describe the exchange of gases in the lungs.
2. What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
3. Why do you think the bronchi branch extensively into tiny airtubes?
4. Carbon dioxide is exhaled from the lungs. How is it produced?
Pig lab #6- Urogenital System
1. What is the function of the kidneys? How many does the pig have?
2. Where are the kidneys located?
3. Describe the function of each of the following and label them male or female.
Body part
Ovary
Testis
Uterine
horn
Vagina
Epididymis
Urethra
M/F
Function
Pig lab #7- Nervous System
1. What is the function of the cranium?
2. Describe the function of the following:
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Olfactory lobe
Medulla Oblongata
3. When a person suffers from a stroke, what happens?