R&D ACTIVITIES ON ACCELERATORDRIVEN TRANSMUTATION SYSTEM IN
JAERI
Hiroyuki Oigawa, Kazufumi Tsujimoto,
Kenji Kikuchi, Yuji Kurata, Toshinobu Sasa,
Makoto Umeno, Shigeru Saito, Kenji Nishihara,
Motoharu Mizumoto, Hideki Takano,
and Nobuo Ouchi
Nov. 9-11, 2004, Las Vegas, USA
8th OECD/NEA Information Exchange Meeting on P&T
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Contents
Design Study of ADS
R&D on Accelerator
R&D on Pb-Bi (LBE) Spallation Target and Coolant
R&D on Subcritical Reactor Physics
Transmutation Experimental Facility (TEF) in J-PARC Project
 Transmutation Physics Experimental Facility (TEF-P)
 ADS Target Test Facility (TEF-T)
Part of this work was funded by the Ministry of Education, Culture,
Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) as one of the R&D programs
for innovative nuclear systems.
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JAERI’s Reference ADS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Proton beam : 1.5GeV
Spallation target : Pb-Bi
Coolant : Pb-Bi
Max. keff = 0.97
Thermal output : 800MWt
MA initial inventory : 2.5t
Fuel composition :
(MA +Pu)Nitride + ZrN
Initial loading:
Zone-1: Pu/HM=30.0%
Zone-2: Pu/HM=48.5%
• Transmutation rate :
10%MA / Year
• 600EFPD, 1 batch
Steam generator
Proton beam
Primary pump
Inner barrel
Beam duct
Beam window
Reactor vessel
Core barrel
13.5m
Guard vessel
Core support
structure
11.8m
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Outline of the R&D Activities
3-year Program
R&D for Future ADS
without Proton Beam
Collaboration
in Japan
J-PARC
Experimental Program
using Proton Beam
Feasibility
Assessment
International
Collaboration
Experimental ADS
and Commercial Plant
3-year Program:
 Funded by MEXT for 2002-2004.
 Including SC-LINAC, LBE, and Reactor Design for Future Plant.
J-PARC:
 Phase-1 Accelerator is being constructed.
 TEF is in Phase-2 (after completion of Phase-1)
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Collaboration in Japan
Development of Superconducting LINAC
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
Mitsubishi Electric Corporation
Development of Pb-Bi Target/Coolant
Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding Co. Ltd.
Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute (JNC)
Hokkaido University
Tohoku University
Tokyo Institute of Technology
Development of Subcritical Reactor
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd.
Nagoya University
Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute
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Design Study : Neutronics
20
1.00
0.99
15
0.98
0.97
10
keff
0.96
Beam current (mA)
Effective multiplication factor : k
eff
Beam current
5
0.95
0.94
0
1000
4000
3000
2000
Operation time (EFPD)
5000
0
6000
Keff: 0.97 – 0.94
Maximum beam : 1.5 GeV x 18 mA = 27 MW
In this study, 30MW is adopted, though 20MW will be sufficient in the
equilibrium cycle.
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4610
ビーム導入管
Optimization of design
parameters:
 Inlet temp. : 300 ºC
 Beam duct : 45cm
Nov. 9-11, 2004, Las Vegas, USA
1030
1390
1890
Partition wall
Flow control nozzle
6450
Flow control nozzle
3390
Partition wall
Beam duct support
Proton beam
Beam duct
Beam window
Core barrel
Core region
Reflector
Target region
1000
30 MW proton beam
with 1.5 GeV causes
heat deposition of
15.7MW.
(2700)
5250
Design Study : Thermal-hydraulics
内　筒
(1) Spallation
Target and Core Coolant
Coolant flow
Support structure
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Design Study : Thermal-hydraulics
(2) Analytical Results for Beam Window
Flow speed
Temperature
1.8m/s
Outer surface 490oC
temperature
470oC
of beam window
450oC
(unit: m/s)
2.0m/s
0.2m/s
(unit: Kelvin)
• Maximum temperature of outer surface : 490 ºC
• Flow control nozzle cools the bottom of the beam window effectively.
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R&D on Accelerator : SC-LINAC
Vacuum
vessel
Liquid He
vessel
RF power coupler
Superconducting Cavity
1.2m
Superconducting
cavity (9-cell)
4m
972 MHz Cryomodule
9-cell , (b=0.725)
He vessel : Ti (2K)
Maximum surface electric field > 30 MV/m
Installed Cryomodule
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R&D on Accelerator : J-PARC
(1) Site Plan
3 GeV Synchrotron
Material and Life
Science Facility
Nuclear Physics Facility
Transmutation
Experimental Facility
500m
50 GeV Synchrotron
(1500mL)
LINAC (350mL)
Phase-1: 400 MeV
Phase-2: 600 MeV
Neutrino Facility
J-PARC : Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex
Construction of Phase-1 : 2001-2007 (except for some parts)
Transmutation Experimental Facility and 600 MeV LINAC are in Phase-2.
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R&D on Accelerator : J-PARC
(2) Status of Construction
Feb. 2004
F ebrua ry , 2004
11
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R&D on Accelerator : J-PARC
(3) LINAC Building
Sep.
2003
April
Sep, 2004
2004
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R&D on Accelerator : J-PARC
(4) LINAC Beam Test
RFQ ( < 3 MeV)
Drift Tube LINAC
( < 60 MeV)
Beam test is under way at KEK/Tsukuba up to 20 MeV, 30mA.
It will be moved to JAERI/Tokai 2005.
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R&D on LBE : Corrosion
(1) Static Test
100
550 ºC, 3000 hr.
Oxygen - saturated
Ferrite
Austenite
Si-added
Corrosion Depth (mm)
80
JPCA
60
20mm
40
20
Si-added steel
20mm
0
0
5
10
15
20
Cr(wt%)
Ferrite : Corrosion film depends on the Cr content.
5%Si –added steel exhibited fine corrosion resistance.
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R&D on LBE : Corrosion
(2) Loop Test
Expansion Tank
Air Cooler
Test Section
EM Pump
Drain Tank
JAERI Pb-Bi Loop-1 (JLBL-1)
Flow rate : 5L/min.
Temperature : 450ºC
3000 hr. continuous operations were
successfully completed.
Test tubes were analyzed.
Nov. 9-11, 2004, Las Vegas, USA
MES Pb-Bi Loop
Flow rate : 5L/min.
Temperature : 500ºC
F82H (martensitic) and JPCA
(austenitic) are being tested as
candidate materials for beam window.
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R&D on LBE :
Thermal-hydraulics at Beam Window
Circulation Pump
M
Test Vessel
Heater
Perforated Plate
Flow Meter
Fl
LBE Loop for Beam Window
Block diagram
Heat transfer characteristics are being measured
by changing flow rate (100-500 L/min.) and inlet
temperature (330-430ºC) parametrically.
LBE at Overflow Section
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R&D on LBE :
Behavior of Radioactive Impurity
Heater
Sampling
Heater
Pb-Bi irradiation capsule
Ar gas
Po
Irradiated Pb-Bi
Transpiration method
Heater
Production rate of Polonium (Po) in Pb-Bi was measured by irradiating
Pb-Bi in JMTR. No large discrepancy was observed between the
calculation and the measurement.
Evaporation rates of Tellurium (Te) from Pb-Bi were measured as a
function of temperature to verify the experimental method.
Using the irradiated Pb-Bi, evaporation rates of Po is being measured.
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R&D on Subcritical Reactor Physics :
Isotopes
Np-237 C
Pu-238
Pu-239
Pu-240
Pu-241
Am-241 C
Am-242m
Am-243
Cm-244
Zr
N-15 E
Fe
Pb
Bi
-0.1
Estimated uncertainty on k-eff
of BOC of initial cycle
F
C
F
C
F
C
C
F
F
F
C
F
C
I
Capture (C)
Fission (F)
Elastic scattering (E)
Inelastic scattering (I)
F
C
I
C
E
I
I
E
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
Sensitivity Coefficient
0.4
0.5
Sensitivity of(a)
Nuclear
Data
tocycle
k-eff at the
Beginning
of 1st.
beginning of initial cycle
Np-237
Pu-239
Pu-240
Pu-241
Am-241
Am-243
Total
Fission
Capture
0.21%
0.25%
0.25%
0.07%
0.02%
0.03%
0.04%
0.02%
0.14%
0.57%
0.07%
0.23%
0.76%
Uncertainty of reactor physics parameters are estimated by the
sensitivity of nuclear data calculated by SAGEP code and the error
files evaluated for JENDL-3.3.
Preliminary analysis showed that the capture reaction of Am-241 has
significant effect on k-eff.
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Transmutation Experimental Facility (TEF)
Transmutation Physics
Experimental Facility : TEF-P
ADS Target Test Facility :
TEF-T
10W
Critical Assembly
200kW
Laser Charge Exchange
Nov. 9-11, 2004, Las Vegas, USA
Shield
Pb-Bi Target
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Transmutation Physics Experimental
Facility (TEF-P) :
Movable shield
Fixed half assembly
Fuel loading machine
Core
Safety/control rod
drive mechanism
Movable half assembly
Max. power : ~ 500W, Max beam : ~10 W (~1012n/s)
Experiments in critical state can also be performed.
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ADS Target Test Facility (TEF-T):
Double-annular Type Pb-Bi Target
Irradiation samples
Target room
Liquid Target is contained in
sealed-tube
Primary circuit devices are
completely isolated
Safe and quick replacement is
possible.
Material database can be
established by changing irradiation
conditions such as temperature,
flow rates, beam intensity, oxygen
concentration, etc.
Protons
Pb-Bi
EM pump
EM flowmeter
Heat exchanger
He
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Expected Schedule of TEF (Preliminary)
 Check and Review (C&R) by Atomic Energy Commission will be necessary to start
TEF.
 Safety review is necessary for TEF-P before the construction and the
manufacturing because it is a nuclear reactor facility.
 R&Ds for TEF:
TEF-P: Instrumentation, Laser charge exchange
TEF-T: Pb-Bi technology, Material irradiation effect
Fiscal Year
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
▼Establishment of New Organization
▼Licensing of TEF-P
C&R
Milestone
2012
C&R
400MeV
180MeV
LINAC
2011
J-PARC
600MeV
Safety review
TEF
TEF-P
TEF-T
Nov. 9-11, 2004, Las Vegas, USA
R&D, Design
Construction
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Commissioning
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Summary
Wide range of R&D activities on ADS for transmutation are in progress.
 Design Study of ADS (Neutronics, Thermal-hydraulics, Structure)
 Accelerator (SC-LINAC, J-PARC Project)
 Pb-Bi (LBE) (Corrosion, Thermal-hydraulics of Beam Window, Po)
 Subcritical Reactor Physics
Transmutation Experimental Facility (TEF) in J-PARC Project
 Transmutation Physics Experimental Facility (TEF-P)
 ADS Target Test Facility (TEF-T)
To initiate TEF project, supports from foreign colleagues are greatly
appreciated.
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