Distribution and Concentrations of Petroleum Hydrocarbons
Associated with The BP/Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, Gulf of Mexico
http://www.eoearth.org/files/142601_142700/142604/dispersants7.jpg
Paul W. Sammarco
Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium (LUMCON)
Chauvin, LA
Steve R. Kolian
EcoRigs Non-Profit Org.
Baton Rouge, LA
Richard A.F. Warby
Department of Natural Sciences, Assumption College
Worcester, MA
Jennifer L. Bouldin
Ecotoxicology Research Facility, Dept. Biological Sciences
Arkansas State University
State University, AR
Wilma A. Subra
Subra Company/Louisiana Environmental Action Network (LEAN)
New Iberia, LA
Scott A. Porter
EcoLogic Environmental, Inc.
Houma LA
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/map_sites/country_sites.html
http://flowergarden.noaa.gov/about/nwgulfbanks.html
Banks off the Continental Shelf, Northern Gulf of Mexico
Shelf
Bottom
Salt Dome
Oil
Gross, M.G, 1977
http://plotmistress.com/wp-content/uploads/bp-oil-spill-2010-f-Copy.jpg
Sampling Sites
Compounds Examined
.
.
.
.
.
.
TPH – C8-C40
Total PAHs
C-3 Napthalenes
C-2 Phenanthrenes/anthracenes
C-4 Phenanthrenes/anthracenes
C-1 Benzo(a)anthracenes/chrysenes.
Also .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
C-2 Dibenzothiophenes
C-3 Dibenzothiophenes
C-4 Dibenzothiophenes
C-2 Napthalenes
C-4 Napthalenes
C-3 Fluorenes
C-1 Phenanthrenes/anthracenes
C-2 Sub’d B9a)/chrysenes
Media Examined
.
Sediment
.
Seawater
.
Marine Fauna and Flora
.
Commercial Seafood Species
Sediment
http://www.cnn.com/2013/01/11/us/gulf-oil-spill-settlement/
Sediment Techniques
.
TPHs - GC-FID Scan, Method Reference EPA 3550/8000-GC-FID
.
PAHs and Alkylated PAHs
–
.
Method Reference EPA 3540/8270 GC/MS
Also by GC/MS – Method Reference EPA 8015
-
Modifications – 6010, 7471, & 8260
C
2
Ph
en
Ph ant
en hre
an ne T
T
th s/ ot PH
a
A
r
C ene nth l PA
2
su s/A rac H
C
1
b
nt en
Ph C3 'd
hr
e
B
ac s
en D
(
an ibe a)/ en
C
th nz ch es
1
B
re ot ry
en
n
h s
C
z(
4 es iop ene
/A
a)
D
h
i
A
nt ben nth ene
r
hr
s
ac zot ace
h
n
C
2 ene iop es
D
s
h
ib
/
e
en Ch ne
r
zo ys s
th en
ia
e
C ph s
3
e
C
4 Flu ne
s
N
a o
C ph ren
3
N tha es
a
C ph len
2
N tha es
ap le
ht ne
ha s
le
ne
s
C
4
Concentration (mg/kg or ppm)
log (Y+1)
Petroleum Hydrocarbon Concentrations
in Sediment
1,000
100
10
_
_
_
1
0.1 _
_
0
_
Compounds
Seawater
http://www.deepwaterclaims.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/bp-oil-spill-2.jpg
Seawater Techniques
.
Wildco vertical PVC seawater sampler
.
Dynasorb adsorbent cloth – state-of-the-art oil adsorbent
.
Processed by EPA laboratories for TPH, Total PAH, and
PAH components, by GC/MS
en
e
To
TP
3
_
2
_
hr
_
an
t
hr
0.5
en
an
t
en
1
Ph
Ph
4
H
s/
t
An al P
en
C
es thr AH
2
su /A ace
nt
C
b'
1
h nes
Ph C3 d B ra
en Dib (a) cen
an
en /ch es
C
t
r
z
h
1
re oth yse
B
n
n
i
en
C
4 es/ oph e
z(
A
D
a)
e
An ibe nth ne
s
ra
th nz
ce
ot
ra
n
ce hi
C
ne op es
2
h
s/
D
ib
C ene
en hr
s
zo ys
e
th
ia nes
ph
C
3
en
C
e
4 Fl u
or s
N
a
en
C ph
e
3
t
N hal s
a
en
C ph
2
th es
N
ap ale
ht ne
ha s
le
ne
s
C
2
C
4
Concentration (mg/kg or ppm)
Log (Y+1)
Petroleum Hydrocarbon Concentrations
Seawater
_
_
0.1 _
0_
Compounds
Niskin Bottle
Fauna and …
http://bluelifeconservation.files.wordpress.com/2010/06/oiled-pelican-queen-bess-islandjpg3f2c59e5902e116c_large.jpg
Flora
http://phys.org/news/2012-02-mitsui-fine-gulf-oil.html
Fauna and Flora
.
Seagrass (Ruppia maritima)
.
Marshgrass (Spartina alterniflora)
.
Algae (Sargassum spp.)
.
Coral (Tubastraea coccinea)
.
Encrusting Bryozoans (Membranipora, Aeverilla,
and Parasmittina spp.
2
4
Ph
e
n
Ph ant
en hre
an ne T
T
th s/ ot PH
A a
r
C ene nth l PA
2
su s/A rac H
C
1
b
nt en
Ph C3 'd
hr
e
B
ac s
en D
(
a
i
en
an be )/
C
e
th nz ch
1
ry s
B
r
o
e
en
n th s
z( C4 es iop ene
/A
a)
D
h
i
A
nt ben nth ene
r
hr
s
ac zot ace
h
n
C
2 ene iop es
D
ib s/C he
en h ne
zo rys s
th en
ia
ph es
C
3
e
C
4 Flu ne
s
N
a o
C ph ren
3
N tha es
a
C ph len
2
N tha es
ap le
ht ne
ha s
le
ne
s
C
C
Concentration (mg / kg or ppm)
log (Y+1)
Petroleum Hydrocarbon Concentrations
Fauna and Flora
1,000
_
100
_
10
_
1
0.1 _
_
0
_
Compounds
Fauna and Flora (combined)
Naphthalenes(C3)
Fig. 2.
ppm
ppm
Limit for
Consumption
of Aquatic Orgs.
St. Petersburg,
FL
Latitude
Mobile Bay, AL
Longitude
Spill Site
Terrebonne Bay, LA
Commercial Seafood
http://www.businessinsider.com/lessons-from-deepwater-horizon-oil-spill-2012-12
Commercial Seafood Species
.
Shrimp (Penaeus spp.)
.
Blue crab (Callinectes sapidus)
.
Oysters (Crassostraea virginica)
.
Red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus)
.
Speckled trout (Cynoscion nebulosus)
.
Flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma)
.
Sheepshead (Archosargus probatocephalus)
Ph
C en
2
Ph ant
en hre
an ne T
T
th s/ ot PH
A a
r
C ene nth l PA
2
su s/A rac H
C
1
nt en
b
Ph C3 'd
h
e
en D B( rac s
an ibe a)/ en
C
th nz ch es
1
B
re ot ry
en
n
h s
z( C4 es iop ene
/A
a)
D
h
i
A
nt ben nth ene
r
hr
s
ac zot ace
h
n
C
2 ene iop es
D
ib s/C hen
en h
e
zo rys s
th en
ia
e
C ph s
C 3 F en
4
N luo es
a
C ph ren
3
N tha es
a
C ph len
2
N tha es
ap le
ht ne
ha s
le
ne
s
4
C
Concentration (mg/kg or ppm)
Log (Y+1)
Petroleum Hydrocarbon Concentrations
Commercial Seafood
1,000
_
100 _
10 _
1_
_
0.1 _
0
Compounds
Commercial Seafood (combined)
Total PAHs
Limit for
Consumption
of Fish
Mobile Bay, AL
Spill Site
Terrebonne Bay, LA
Longitude
Latitude
Fig. 1.
Commercial Seafood (combined)
Phenanthrenes/Anthracenes(C2)
Mobile Bay, AL
Spill Site
Limit for
Consumption
of Fish
Longitude
Terrebonne Bay, LA
Latitude
Conclusions
.
In sediment, TPH, PAHs, and all chemical classes
examined here peaked in concentration near
Pensacola, FL and Galveston,TX
.
In seawater, TPH concentrations peaked off
Pensacola, FL, and all classes examined peaked off
of the Mississippi River mouth, LA, and Galveston, TX
.
In marine fauna and flora, TPH and PAHs peaked
near the Mississippi River mouth. C-3 napthalenes
peaked near the spill site.
Conclusions
.
In commercial seafood, TPH peaked near the
spill site. PAHs and all classes examined peaked
near Pensacola, FL
.
Oil concentrations should be monitored in these
media well after the spill has ceased – and prior
to fisheries being opened. Hydrocarbon levels
should be deemed at appropriate levels prior to
fisheries openings.
Thank you.
Acknowledgments
.
Mark Kaltofen, Boston Chemical Data Corp.
.
Mary Lee Orr, President, Louisiana Environmental Action Network (LEAN)
.
Stuart Smith, Smith and Stag (LLC), Baton Rouge, LA
.
Krupnick, Campbell, Malone, Buser, Slama, Hancock, Liberman,
and McKee, Attorneys-at-Law, Fort Lauderdale, FL
.
Mark Moskovitz, President, Dynamic Adsorbents, Inc.
.
Barbara Wiseman, President, The Lawrence Anthony Earth Organization (LAEO)
.
David Fa-Kouri, President, Louisiana Economic Development Foundation
.
Diane Wagenbremer, Public Relations, LAEO
.
Andrew Blanchard, President, Indian Ridge Shrimp Co.
.
Michael Boatright, EcoRigs.org
.
Melissa Genazzio, LUMCON and Dept. Marine Sciences,
University of North Carolina at Wilmington
.
Dan Beltz, LUMCON
.
National Science Foundation, Grant #REU-0556208 to Arkansas State University
Human Blood
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/24/business/energy-environment/bp-and-gulf-coast-states-jockey-oversettlement-on-deepwater-horizon-oil-spill.html?pagewanted=all
Human Blood
http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/News/2010/August/03081001.asp
Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Human Blood
Concentration in ng/mL (ppb)
Volatile Organic Compounds - Human Blood
8
6
4
2
______
______ ______
______ ______ ______
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h
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e
B
en
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.-X
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en
M
To
lu
e
ne
0
Volatile Organic Compounds - Human Blood
Ring Compounds
________
250
200
*
________
150
*
100
________
*
50
________
*
e
an
ne
Is
o
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ct
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ta
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et
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3-
yl
-p
en
ta
ex
an
ne
e
0
H
Concentration in ng/mL (ppb)
300
Chain Compounds
Time to toss out our old ideas of
ignoring species invasions
Fig. 3
Sediment
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPHs)
ppm
ppm
Spill
Site
Terrebonne Bay,
LA
Latitude
Longitude
Vermillion
Bay, LA
Fig. 4.
Water Samples
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPHs)
ppm
ppm
Latitude
New Orleans
Longitude
Terrebonne Bay,
LA
http://www.billpressshow.com/2010/05/17/president-obama-discusses-the-gulf-oil-spill/
http://www.bbc.com/news/business-21609888
Petroleum Hydrocarbon Concentrations during and after
The BP/Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill - 2010
Spill Site
Peak Concentrations in Sediment,
Seawater, Marine Biota, or Seafood Species
Thank you
http://www.examiner.com/article/florida-bp-oil-spill-update-oil-spill-map-moves-slick-closer-to-tampa-bay-area