Key words Key words (Lecture 1 : urban, urbanism, urbanisation, rurban) Keywords (Lecture 2) : Origin of the city, city in the Neolithic era, characteristics of ancient cities. Key words (Lecture 3: Urban Development of Communication ) Revolution, Heterogeneity, Implosion, Key Words (Lecture 4 : Urban Community, Cultural factors, Political Autonomy, Citizenship, Economic interdependence, Legal equality) Key words (Lecture 5 : Urbanisation- history, chronology, expansion, sites) Key Words (Lecture 6 : Ancient cities- sources, characteristics, types.) Keywords (Lecture 7 : Urbanisation, Medieval India, temple towns, Mughal capitals, external trade ) Key words (Lecture 8 : Industrial Revolution, social transformation, condition of labour, urbanisation, environmental degradation) Key words : (Lecture 9 : French Revolution, problem of order, Ferdinand Tonnies, Gemeinschaft versus Gesellschaft ) Key Words : (Lecture 10 : Engels, capitalist city, Manchester, condition of the working class, class exploitation ) Key words : (Lecture 11 : Engels, city planning, capitalist industrialisation, alienation, civic apathy ) Key words : (Lecture 12 : Simmel, microsociology, metropolitan life, calculative rationality, blasé attitude, ) Key Words (Lecture 13 : The influence of money as a pure symbol of value, means of universal exchange, levelling influence, growth of professionalization ) Key Words (Lecture 14 : Ecological Theory, Chicago School, human ecology as a model, urban life as biotic and cultural ) Key Words (Lecture 15 : Robert Park, modern city, density, mobility, anonymity, natural habitats, specialization, freedom) Key words (Lecture 16 : Enest Burgess, spatial patterning, concentric zone model, ) Key Words (Lecture 17 : Louis Wirth, Urbanism as a way of life, social heterogeneity, particular forms of social organisation in the urban context) Key Words (Lecture 18: Urbanism, dense anonymity, disinvolvement, fragmented personality, secularisation of life) Key Words (Lecture 19 : Compositional school, city as a mosaic, quasi-primary relations, Herbert Gans, Ulf Hannerz) Key Words (Lecture 20 : Variety in lifestyles, Social Class, Ethnicity, Life cycle stage, Gender as variables ) Key Words (Lecture 21 : Claude S. Fischer, subcultural theory, size, ethnicity, location, education, income) Key Words (Lecture 22 : Henri Lefebvre, David Harvey, socio-spatial theory, circuits of capital, real estate development, role of the government, global economic changes, new urban sociology) Key words (Lecture 23: technology and the city, mutual influences, transportation technology, technologies of communication) Key words (Lecture 24: application of the ecological perspective, technology induced compartmentalization of space, growth of notions of privacy, class divisions, dissemination of technology). Key words (Lecture 25: Technology and the rise of a 'pre-mature' metropolis, printing press, steamer, motor car, roads, taps, urbanisation in Calcutta) Key words (Lecture 26 : Opposition to technology, environmental consequences, aesthetics, public debates ) Key Words (Lecture 27 : Opposition to overhead conductors, streetcars, trolleys, electrification, 19th century America, safety issues ) Key Words (Lecture 28 : Technology and role of cultural values, culture of the streets, transformation of city life, political and social struggles ) Key words (Lecture 29 : Neighbourhoods, socio-spatial category, gemeinscahft spaces, little economies, political community ) Key words (Lecture 30 : Urban Neigbourhood, Pols of Ahmedabad, enclosed communities, defence oriented structure, pol council ) Key Words (Lecture 31 : Community level organizations, Commercialization of the locality, Social problems and changes) Note: There is a repetition of a slide in Lecture 30 and 31 about the social, economic and political activities of a Pol. Key words (Lecture 32 : Ghetto as an urban institution, social exclusion, parochialism, globalization and new ghettos based on the concept of class ) Key words (Lecture 33 : Urban City Planning, 19th century, segregation of activities, centrally located space, preoccupation with design ) Key words (Lecture 34 : city planning, municipal consciousness, reform movements, modernist preoccupation, zoning) Keywords (Lecture 35 : zoning, participatory planning, stakeholders' interests, pluralism in planning) Keywords (Lecture 36 : pre-imperial port cities, organic cities, mixture of planning and organic growth) Keywords (Lecture 37 : colonial reconstruction, site of Mutiny, large-scale demolition, hybrid city ) Keywords (Lecture 38 : Napier Plan, governmentality, militarization of the city, rebellion-proof environment, New Lucknow ) Keywords (Lecture 39 : New Lucknow, cleanliness, orderliness, colonial reconstruction, political control as imperative, social and political implications ) Key words (Lecture 40 : Constructing a new capital, administrative city, modernist planning, Le Corbusier, symbolic of New India) 42. Keywords (Lecture 41 : Modernist planning, criticisms, un-Indian, dispersal of buildings, use of space, unsuitable material, functional efficiency)