Tristan Chester
Mrs. Downer
Latin II
19 October 2011
RRP Outline
I. Introduction
A. Scipio Africanus kept the Roman Empire alive, clearly making him Rome's greatest
general in history.
B. Scipio Africanus, a Roman commander during the Second Punic War, used
innovative tactics in the Battle of Zama to win the war, which had long term effects on
Rome as well as other civilizations.
II. Innovative Tactics of Scipio Africanus
A. Topic Sentence
B. Background
C. Qtn: "Scipio Africanus, who learned most of his military art from Hannibal, developed
into a new and unfamiliar type of leader, the solider-statesman whose grand
strategy extended into regions beyond the battlefield." (248 Cottrell, Leonard.)
1. Analysis: Although Scipio was able to learn from Hannibal, he also came up
with his own strategies that far exceeded any other commander.
D. Qtn: "By using this formation Scipio hoped to neutralize the shock of Hannibal's
charging elephants by allowing them to pass through these lines in his army."
(6 Fournie, Daniel A.)
1. Analysis: This shows how Scipio was able to react to other's formations
efficiently and successfully to win his battle at the Battle of Zama.
E. Qtn: "Scipio trained legion in a number of innovative maneuvers." (19 Gabriel,
Richard A.)
1. Analysis: Not only did Scipio excel in typical warfare strategies, but he also
created many of his own.
F. Qtn: "Scipio was also a brilliant tactical commander and very much a military
reformer." (18 Gabriel, Richard A.)
1. Analysis: Scipio changed Roman tactics of warfare, helping Rome win many
other battles in the future.
G. Restatement
III. Long-Term Effects on Rome
A. Topic Sentence
B. Background
C. Qtn: "Because of Scipio's victory, Rome, rather than Carthage, would dominate the
Mediterranean world. It was the Romans who modified and spread Greek
culture and, eventually, Christianity throughout the Mediterranean world and
Western Europe." (131 Richard, Carl J.)
1. Analysis: This shows the extent of how the world could have been different
back then and even today if Scipio had not won the Battle of Zama.
D. Qtn: "Scipio Africanus had succeeded in defending the Roman rebublic against the
serious threat posed by Carthage and in setting Rome on the path to conquering
and ruling the whole western world." (157 Richard, Carl J.)
1. Analysis: This demonstrates how it also let to Rome having the greater power
to continue spreading their empire.
E. Qtn: "In Spain he was dazzlingly successful; his magnanimity attached the tribes to
him; they offered him the crown, for they said he was god-like, and when he
refused they furnished him with troops." (61 Barrow, R.H.)
1. Analysis: This shows that people admired him and had faith in him.
E. Qtn: "He was given title "Africanus" in honor of North African victories." (156
Richard, Carl J.)
1. Analysis: This was the first time someone had been named after a land they
conquered and from then forward it stayed as a tradition in Rome.
G. Restatement
IV. Long Term Effects on Other Civilizations
A. Topic Sentence
B. Background
C. Qtn: "The Romans also forced the Carthaginians to pay a huge indemnity of 10,000
talents, to relinqish their war elephants, and to cede Spain and Southern France
to the Romans." (156 Richard, Carl J.)
1. Analysis: This eventually to the downfall of the Carthaginian Empire.
D. Qtn: "Carthage was further restricted from making war on anyone inside or outside
Africa without permission from Rome." (200 Gabriel, Richard A.)
1. Analysis: This shows that Rome had complete control over the Carthaginians
and would remain as the dominant power.
V. Conclusion
A. During the Second Punic War, Scipio Africanus was able to strategically gain victory
of the war at the Battle of Zama, affecting both Rome's future and other civilizations.