REPUBLIC UZBEKISTAN MINISTRY OF HEALTH
THE TASHKENT MEDICAL ACADEMY
CONFIRMED BY
The vice-rector on curricular issues
Prof. Teshaev O.R
____________________
«________» ___________ 2014y.
Chair of National medicine, reabilitilogy and a physical education
For students 4 courses of medical and mediko-pedagogical faculty)
Subject: Medical control
Curriculum
TASHKENT 2014
The technology of training is confirmed:
At faculty meeting № ______ from __________ 2014
The technology of training is discussed and confirmed on therapeutic section CMC
of the Tashkent medical academy № ____ from _________ 2014
The chairman of the prof. phD Karimov M. Sh.
2
Content of approach
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Content
Pattern of curricular program
Working program
Study technologies
Set of exercises and activities
Test and quizzes
Control questions
General tests
Sharing materials
Glossary
Themes of abstracts
List of Aknowledgements
Foundamental conspectus
Litureture
Foreign books
Themes of course works
Annotation
About authors
Useful suggestions
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Normative documentaries
Evaluation criterias
Pages
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Introduction
The program on medical control, medical physical training and
physiotherapy. It is intended for mediko-preventive, medical, stomatologic
faculties on the basis of the state educational standard. The program is directed
on increase of medical training and level of knowledge of physiotherapy, physical
rehabilitation and medical control.
The purpose and subject problem
The training purpose - improvement and strengthenings of health of the
population, improvement of quality of medicine and realisation of preventive
measures. Training of treatment of patients with various diseases in the
conditions of hospital, sanatorium and polyclinics, the prevention of
complications and use of physical and medical physical training with a view of
preventive maintenance. Strengthening of health of the population and
improvement of adaptation to conditions of life. Training of an estimation of
physical development of sportsmen and physical training in medical control, a
functional condition of an organism, a condition of the basic systems of an
organism, physical activity action on an organism, responses from an organism.
The subject purposes:
- Training of the mechanism of influence of physical processes, treatment at
various diseases, the prevention of complications and application of
measures directed on resistance increase.
- Training of treatment of various diseases and organism improvement, having
made a high-grade complex in rehabilitation.
- Training of mechanisms of influence of physical exercises on an organism,
treatment at various diseases, preventions of complications and application
of measures directed on increases of resistance of an organism.
- Training to a choice and a way of application of procedures, means and forms
in treatment and rehabilitation.
- Training of rules of medical inspection for a various contingent of the
population, their physical training and adaptation to sports exercises.
- Training of an estimation of influence of physical exercises on strengthening
of health of the population and improvement of adaptation to social and
household To conditions.
Requirements to knowledge of students in a subject and skills.
In the course of subject studying «medical control, medical physical training
and physiotherapy» the bachelor should know:
- Methods of definition of working capacity of an organism, independently
to spend and anthopometry, independently to spend functional quizs and
on the basis of these given to be able to estimate a condition
cardiovascular, respiratory, vegetative nervous Systems, the mechanism of
action of physical exercises, indications and contra-indications TPT,
4
treatment and form TPT methods. To make a complex of gymnastic
exercises, considering the basic and collateral diseases, correctly to choose
means TPT, to equip rooms TPT, first-aid treatment, correctly to appoint
physiotherapeutic procedures at various diseases, to define optimum
influence of physical procedures, filling of a sanatorium card, first-aid
treatment at by-effects of physiotherapeutic procedures.
- Methods of an estimation of a physical condition of sportsmen, the basic
ways of medical control at prophylactic medical examination, responses to
spent physical exercises to sort sportsmen by medical groups, mechanisms
of influence of physical exercises, indications and contra-indications TPT,
kinds and means TPT, treatment and form TPT methods. To make a
complex of gymnastic exercises, considering the basic and collateral
diseases, correctly to choose means TPT, to equip rooms TPT, first-aid
treatment, correctly to appoint physiotherapeutic procedures at various
diseases, to observe safety precautions, principles of work of
physiotherapeutic devices.
- Independently to give medical certificate and to fill a medical card, rules
of carrying out of physical exercise for persons of the basic, preparatory
and special groups, planning TPT by the patient and correctly to
recommend, conduct individual lessons with patients, estimations of
adequacy and efficiency of spent physical exercises, to define problems and
sequence of action TPT in a rehabilitation stage in polyclinic and hospital,
independently to carry out physical exercises, correctly and competently to
write out recipes on physiotherapeutic treatment.
Intra and Interdisciplinary communication of subject
Performing the program of curriculum is based on the knowledge students
the basics of normal anatomy and physiology, pathophysiology, propaedeutics
internal medicine, biostatistics (vertical integration). Also knowledge of the topic
integrated with therapy, hygiene of children and adolescents, physical therapy
and traumatology (horizontal integration).
Significance in health concerns.
Preventive orientation of domestic medicine requires physicians of all specialties,
whose extensive use of physical exercises and other means of physical training as
to the restoration of the population and improve its performance, and for the
prevention and treatment of various diseases.
Therefore crucial in the preparation of future physicians is a basic knowledge of
physical therapy and sports medicine, as important elements of nonpharmacological prevention and treatment of various diseases and health
promotion.
Modern informations and technologies for teaching
5
During the training session, students use many interesting pedagogical
methods as clasters, scanword etc., also they pass the entrance quiz (interview),
alone and with the participation of the teacher solve their tasks on the mastery of
knowledge and skills acquisition, are accountable for their educational work in
class. At the end of class students are encouraged to solve some situational
problems or get quized
The basic part
Primary goals DC. Medical inspection of the population, going in for
sports. A role of sports and physical development in a healthy way of life.
To acquaint with kinds of medical inspection of the persons, engaged sports
and sportsmen.Property of gathering of the anamnesis of the persons who
are going in for sports.Acquaintance and training of registration of a
medical card.
Physical development. An estimation of physical development on the
basis of anthopometrical and the data. Constitution types.To sort by
sports.
Anthopometry: , , growth, weight, a district thorax. : a backbone, a bearing,
a thorax, foot, extremities, forms. : definition of components of a body (a
bone, a muscle, fat). Methods of an estimation of physical development:
standards. To give concept about indexes and correlation.Definition of
indexes of Ketle, Pine, Erisman on the basis of the anthopometrical data.An
estimation of physical development on the basis of the above-stated data.
The functional quizs applied in DC.
The functional quizs used for definition of development of cardiovascular
system (Letunov, Martin). To define type of response on the basis of these
quizs.
Respiratory and vegetative systems.
Quizs: to the Bar, Genche, Serkin, Rosental. A performance order andquizs
of vegetative nervous system. Quizs are spent with students. Definitions of
a functional condition of bodies of external breath.Concept about the open
and closed methods of breath. To define vital ease of lungs, frequency of
breath, depth of breath, the maximum ventilation, reserve air, pressure of
oxygen.
Methods of definition of physical working capacity.
Concept about physical working capacity.An order of performance of the
Harward step-quiz.Index definition.To estimate on the basis of an index of
process of restoration of an organism.Concept about PWC-170.A
performance order.An estimation of working capacity on the basis of the
quiz data.The direct and mediated methods of definition maximum oxygen
consumption.
6
The general bases TPT
Means and forms TPT to show to students medical massage
CVS
Ischemic heart trouble, hypertensive illness.TPT at these diseases.Criteria of
an estimation of efficiency TPT.
Respiratory system.
Application TPT at a chronic bronchitis, an emphysema of lungs, a bronchial
asthma, illnesses. To choose and correctly to prove the chosen medical
method.Independent reception of the patient.
GES and oporno-impellent system.
Value TPT at a gastritis, an enteritis, prick, , splanchnoptosis, a hepatitis, a
cholecystitis, an arthritis, a polyarthritis, an art rose, a diabetes, adiposity, a
gout. To make a complex gymnastic-exercises. To fill documents. Reception
of patients in polyclinic.
Surgical diseases.Traumatology and orthopedy.
The purposes and problems TPT at following diseases: vascular, pre - and
the postoperative periods at operations on bodies of chest and belly
cavities. An immobilisation at crises of the top both bottom extremities and
a backbone. An osteochondrosis, , , , a scoliosis. To make a complex
gymnastic-exercises. To fill documents. Reception of patients in polyclinic.
Obstetrics and gynecologic diseases.
Value TPT at pregnancy, in the period of sorts and after, at gynecologic
diseases, , anomalies. To make a complex gymnastic-exercises. To fill
documents. Reception of patients in polyclinic.
Features TPT in pediatrics.children medical and gymnastic exercises.
Indications and contra-indications.Treatment with constant and pulse
currents.
Physiotherapeutic galvanising, electrodream, , , electrodiagnostics,
electrostimulation, their classification. The action mechanism.Physiological
action.Used physical equipments.Methods, indications and contraindications.Dispensing.
Alternating current.An electromagnetic field.
Ultrahigh-frequency
and
superhigh-frequency
therapies.Franklinization.Darsonvalization.Inductothermy.A
magnet
therapy.Used physical equipments.Methods, indications and contraindications.Dispensing.
Phototherapy.An
aerosol
therapy.Aeroionotherapy.Ultrasonic
treatment.Barotherapy.
Used
physical
equipments.Methods,
indications
and
contraindications.Dispensing.
7
Balneotherapy and termotherapy.Resorts.
Used
physical
equipments.Methods,
indications
and
contraindications.Dispensing. Resort factors and kinds. Resorts in
Uzbekistan.Registration, protection, delivery of a sanatorium card.
Instructions and recommendations to the organisation of a practical
training
Students to a practical training:
1. The Mechanism of action of physiotherapeutic procedures on an
organism
2. A physiotherapy Role in process
3. Ways of application of physiotherapeutic exercises and medicines
together
4. Problems to patients to a choice sanatorium and resorts
5. Registration of medical documents
6. Definition sensitivity of fabrics of an organism to physical influences and
to note influence area
7. Principles of work of physical equipments and observance to safety rules
8. To Apply physical preventive exercises with I aim recover
9. To Define efficiency of treatment
10. Correctly and competently to be able to write recipes to
physiotherapeutic procedures
11. To Prepare physical equipments for work, to work remove also first-aid
treatment at electric traumas and pathological reactions
12. The Patient correctly to appoint and plan TPT
13. Individually to be engaged with patients
14. To Spend the doctor-pedagogical survey
15. The Mechanism of action of physical exercises
16. Indications and contra-indications to TPT
17. Kinds and means TPT
18. Treatment and form TPT Methods
19. To Estimate efficiency of application TPT
20. Medical inspection and filling DC of a card of different sportsmen and
persons going in for sports
21. Definition and methods of an estimation of physical development on
the basis of anthopometrical and the data
22. Functional quizs in medical examination, Functional quizs CVS
23. Functional quizs of respiratory and vegetative nervous system
24. Definition of a functional condition of external breath
25. Working capacity Definition, Harward the step-quiz
26. Submaximum PWS170, definition the maximum consumption of oxygen
27. Supervision sanitary - hygienic conditions of sports halls and the area
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28. Practically to spend the doctor-pedagogical survey
29. Indications and contra-indications to physical exercises
30. Registration and protection DC of a card
31. Complex using of regenerative procedures in sports
32. Often met pathological a condition at sportsmen, preventive
maintenance
Preliminary recommended themes to a practical training
1. Medical inspection and filling DC of a card of different sportsmen and to
persons going in for sports
2. Definition and methods of an estimation of physical development on the
basis of anthopometrical and the data
3. Functional quizs in medical examination, Functional quizs CVS
4. Functional quizs of respiratory and vegetative nervous system
5. Definition of a functional condition of external breath
6. Working capacity Definition, Harward the step-quiz
7. Submaximum PWS170, definition the maximum consumption of oxygen
8. Supervision sanitary - hygienic conditions of sports halls and the area
9. The doctor-pedagogical survey
10. Indications and contra-indications to physical exercises
11. Registration and protection DC of a card
12. The General bases, means and kinds TPT
13. Massage Kinds
14. The General bases TPT
15. Application TPT at CVS diseases
16. Application TPT at respiratory diseases
17. Application TPT at GES and oporno-impellent diseases
18. Application TPT at operations and in traumatology-orthopedy
19. Application TPT in obstetrics, gynecology and pediatrics
20. Treatment by constant and pulse currents
21. Treatment by an alternating current and magnetic we weed
22. Phototherapy
23. The Aerosol therapy, an aeroion therapy
24. Ultrasonic treatment
25. Baroterapija
26. Balneotherapy
27. Resorts
To develop indications and recommendations the professor of chair on a practical
training. Thus students enrich the knowledge having solved problems and
practical skills of a theme of lecture.
Forms and an essence of the organisation of independent works.
9
By preparation of independent works students are recommended to consider
following forms:
Studying of a theme and head of textbooks and educational means
Mastering a part of lecture on distributing materials
To Work with the automated training and supervising means
To Work with themes under additional textbooks
To Study new technicians, equipments, processes and technologies
Deeply to study themes of others a subject concerning to a theme for the independent
To Apply an active and problematic method of training
Remote training
Recommended themes of independent works
1. Balneoterapija
2. Hydrotherapy
3. Gelioterapija
4. Thalassotherapy
5. Speleoterapija
6. The Therapy based on mechanical fluctuation
7. Modern methods of physiotherapy
8. Central y
9. Aspects of application of physical exercises depending on age
10. Aerobic exercises
11. The Means of physical training treating syndromes of pains
12. Gidrokineoterapija
13. TPT at a vegetative remote syndrome
14. TPT at an intervertebral hernia
15. Glazodvigatelnye of exercise
16. The Manual therapy
17. Massage
18. Kinds somatotypes
19. The Sports diet
20. Functional researches in sports medicine
21. Pathological conditions developing at irrational employment
22. The Dope control
23. Pharmacological maintenance of sportsmen
24. The Healthy way of life
25. The First the help sports process
Program information support
In the course of subject training modern methods of training, yy technologies.
- On all themes in practical employment to use modern technologies for
presentation
- In practice usage methods a black box, a web, intellectual storm
The used basic teaching materials
10
1.Bdbadjanov . the Directory of the physiatrist of "Abu Ali Ibn Sino", , 1999
.279 (the textbook for students)
2.V. A, Apanasenko G. L «Physiotherapy exercises and medical control» M,
1990 (the textbook for students)
3. Chouvadze A.V.round I.M.medical control in physical training and sports of
M. 1987. (The textbook for students)
4. ., Kulikov J.A. "Physiotherapy" (the textbook for students) 1994 with. 298
Additional materials
1. Aulik I.V. «Definition of physical working capacity in clinic and sports»,
2. V. G, Bergnitskij J.M. "Klimatolechenie" the Directory. . . 1990 with. 289
3. Bet of Show “Yoga Training for health” M. 2005
4. Unsociable persons ..«Health massage-companion» the book for pupils 1992
with. 157
5. V. A «the General physiotherapy» M. 2001 with. 679
6. V. A «the Technique and technics of carrying out of physiotherapeutic
procedures» M. 2001 .280
7. Sides AND, Sergeys WITH “Yoga for children” M. 2004
8. Sparrows of M. Y, Sparrows of Century M «Physiotherapy in-home»
S.Peterburg, 1992 with. 217
9. Dembo .Y «Medical control in sports». M: medicine, 1988
10. V. A "Physiotherapy exercises" of M. 2004
11. Evdokimova T.A.Miljukova I.V.newest a directory "Physiotherapy exercises"
of M. 2004
12. V. A «Medical physical training» M. 2003
13. V. A «Physiotherapy exercises and sports medicine» M, 2000
14. V. A, V. N «Physiotherapy exercises (directory)» M. 1997
15. Efanov O. I, Dzanagova G. R «Physiotherapy of stomatologic diseases», M,
Medicine, 1990
16. Zhuravlyova A.I., Graevskg N.D.sports medicine and medical physical
training. Management M, 1993
17. V. L «Heart and sports» M, 1999
18. Larskij E.G. «Modern methods » the Review of lits. 1990with. 127
19. Lecture materials and uchebno-methodical workings out
20. Lecture materials and uchebno-methodical workings out
21. Miljukova I.V., Evdokimova T.A. «Gymnastics for children» M. 2004
22. Muravjannikova Z.G. of "the Basis of stomatologic physiotherapy» Rostov
onDon 2002.With. 320
23. Natalov G. G «Introduction in physical training» Krasnodar, 1995
24. Oranskij I.E., Ilhamdzhanova R. S «the Short directory on physiotherapy».
Publishing house Ibn-Sino 1992 with. 267
11
25. Shepherds of Island Y, Sheftelovich Since, Ermoshenko of h.p., Makarova
H.A. «Physiotherapy in stomatology» Krasnodar 2002 with.
26. Stepsons .."Physiotherapy" of Darslik 1995. (On . Language) .285
27. V.I.Chogovadze's Priests of Century«Physical rehabilitation» Rostov onDon
2001
28. Rihsieva O. A "Massage" . 1996
29. Sokolov .., Zausaev N.K. «TPT in maxillofacial surgery» M, 1990
30. Soloveva T.R. «Magnitoterapevticheskg equipment». M.Meditsina, 1991.
210
31. V. S "Physiotherapy" of M. 2003 with. 450
32. V. S «House physiotherapy» Minsk. . 1993 with. 239
33. Umarova H.T., Karachevtseva T.V. «Physiotherapy in pediatrics» publishing
house Ibn-Sino, 1993 with. 354
34. Tsarfis P. G, Kiselyov of Century B. «the Medical dirt and other natural
heat-carriers» 1990 with. 235.
35. Edward T.Houli, B.Don-Frenks «the Management of the instructorof
improving fitness», Kiev 2004.
36. Juldashev K.J. «not Medicamentous methods of treatment of preventive
maintenance and medical rehabilitation». . . Works..-1994 with. 347.
37. Juldashev K.J. «Preformirovannye and natural physical factors in preventive
maintenance and medical rehabilitation». - 1991 .236.
38. «Balneotherapy. The theory and practice of balneotherapy of the house, in
a clinic and on resorts», Rostov - 1996.With. 293.
39. «Medical bases of physical training and formation of health and
harmonious development of children and teenagers» prof. Nazirov F.G. of
prof. Ahmedova D.M. of prof. Sujumov F.A. . V. D, the prof. Shajhova G I.
Tashkent, 2003.
Foreign textbooks
1. Eckel M. Phizikoterapie 165. 2000
2. Consuelo T Lorenzo et al. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
<http://217.160.60.64/fb/link9.php? id=1060> Medscape Reference 2011 WebMD
3. Lehrbuch K. Berlin. Phizijterapie volk 140.1988
4. Marlis Gonzalez-Fernandez, MD, PhD, Jarrod David Friedman, MD Physical
Medicine and Rehabilitation Pocket Companion
5. Mark Harrast, MD, Jonathan Finnoff, DO Sports Medicine Study Guide and
Review for Boards
6. Mika T. Warshava. Fizikaterapia. 460.2000
7. Sara J. Cuccurullo (Editor)Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Board
Review <http://217.160.60.64/fb/link9.php? id=1383> 2004 - Demos
Medical Publishing, 848 pp.
12
8. Teylor S.B., Miller N.H. “Basic physiologic principils relatied to Group
exirsise programs” Filadelphiya 1990
9. Tehaxton L. “Phithiological and psythological effects of short term
exirsiseeddiction on habitual runners.” 1992 96.
10. Wainapel, Stanley F.; Fast, Avital (Editors)Alternative Medicine and
Rehabilitation <http://217.160.60.64/fb/link9.php? id=1313>A Guide for
Practitioners2003 - Demos Medical Publishing.
From the Internet
www.doktor.ru,
www.medinfo.home.ml.org
www.pubmed.com
<http://www.pubmed.com>,
www.sportmed,
ru<http://www.sportmed, ru>
<http://www.guideline.gov/index.asp>
http<././././././Desktop/http>://<http://www.klinrek.ru/cgi-bin/mbook>www
<http://www.klinrek.ru/cgi-bin/mbook><http://www.klinrek.ru/cgibin/mbook>klinrek
<http://www.klinrek.ru/cgibin/mbook><http://www.klinrek.ru/cgi-bin/mbook>ru
<http://www.klinrek.ru/cgi-bin/mbook><http://www.klinrek.ru/cgibin/mbook>cgi
<http://www.klinrek.ru/cgi-bin/mbook>
bin
<http://www.klinrek.ru/cgi-bin/mbook><http://www.klinrek.ru/cgibin/mbook>mbook <http://www.klinrek.ru/cgi-bin/mbook>,
http://www.rusmedserv.com
<http://www.eurasiahealth.org>,
<http://www.medscape.com>,
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov
www.alhealth.com
<http://www.alhealth.com>,
www.docguide.com
<http://www.docguide.com>,
www.healthweb.com
<http://www.healthweb.com>, www.acsm.org <http://www.acsm.org>,
www.apta.org
<http://www.apta.org>,
www.sportsmed.org
<http://www.sportsmed.org>, www.jphysiol.org <http://www.jphysiol.org>
www.physsportmed.com
<http://www.physsportmed.com>,
www.sportsmedicine.com <http://www.sportsmedicine.com>
13
REPUBLIC UZBEKISTAN MINISTRY OF HEALTH
THE TASHKENT MEDICAL ACADEMY
CONFIRMED BY
The vice-rector on curricular issues
Prof. Teshaev O.R
____________________
«________» ___________ 2014y.
Chair of National medicine, reabilitilogy and a physical education
Subject: Medical control
For students 4 courses of medical and mediko-pedagogical faculty)
Work programm
TASHKENT 2014
14
The technology of training is confirmed:
At faculty meeting № ______ from __________ 2014
The technology of training is discussed and confirmed on therapeutic section CMC
of the Tashkent medical academy № ____ from _________ 2014
The chairman of the prof. phD Karimov M. Sh.
15
1. Introduction.
Medical control is important in the scientific substantiation of the theory and
practice of physical education. Its task is constant selection, medical
examination and monitoring of persons engaged in physical culture and
sports. Together with a range of other scientific disciplines: physiology,
biochemistry and health exercise, sports traumatology - medical control is
sports medicine. As a scientific discipline, medical control is an independent
branch of medical science that studies the state of health, physical
development and functionality of the persons regularly engaged in physical
exercises and sports.
1.1. Purpose and objectives of teaching.
Purpose of teaching:
To promote the efficient use of means and methods of physical education to
promote health, improve physical development and physical fitness of workers in
our country. To teach determine the functional status of a person, the impact of
physical activity on the body for the prevention any deseases among population.
Teach an opinion on the functional status of various organs and systems involved
in sports activities. To consolidate and deepen the knowledge of the physical
performance and how they are measured, MEDICAL - pedagogical monitoring of
persons engaged in physical culture and sports for the health of population. To
teach healthy life-style.
Pedagogical objectives:
- systematic medical monitoring and MEDICAL - pedagogical supervision for
athletes and athletes during training and competition;
- health-care provision of training and competition sites, mass participation of
sports events;
- prevention and treatment of sports injuries, pathological conditions, diseases;
- consultation in the field of physical culture and sports;
- a teaching guide to medical control cabinets and work a common network of
medical institutions for physical culture and sports;
- health education and advocacy among the population
1.2.Requirements for knowledge, skills of students
During obtaining knowledge of subject of “Physiotherapy, Medical control
and MTO” The student must know:
• disclose the contents of the subject of sports medicine and medical monitoring
tasks;
16
• talk about the kinds of medical examination of athletes and athletes for their
performance;
• list the criteria for evaluating physical development;
• to give an opinion about the physical development on the basis of data
collected;
• describe the means and methods of correction of physical development.
• give an idea of the functional state of the organism;
• to classify functional quizs used in medical control;
• talk about the impact of physical activity on the human body;
• list respiratory quizs;
• list vegetative quizs;
• list the types of hemodynamic response to exercise;
• to give an opinion on the functional state of the organism on the basis of these
quizs.
• give an idea of the physical performance of the body;
• give an idea of the MTO;
• talk about medical groups for persons engaged in physical culture and sports;
• list contraindications for physical training;
• list the major diseases and pathological conditions requiring special attention in
physical education and sport;
• list prepathological and pathological conditions in athletes with irrational use of
physical exertion;
• give an opinion on the Fed's body on the basis of these quizs.
The student should be able to:
- perform practical skills: hold somatoscopic study independently make
anthropometric measurements, medical and fill checklist athletes and
sportsmen
- perform practical skills: conduct functional quizs, complete medical checklist athletes and sportsmen.
- perform practical skills: conduct functional quizs to determine the Fed's
complete medical checklist - athletes and sportsmen.
1.3. Intra and Interdisciplinary communication
Teaching the subject of medical control is based on the knowledge students the
basics of normal anatomy and physiology, pathophysiology, propaedeutics
internal medicine, biostatistics (vertical integration). Also knowledge of the topic
integrated with therapy, hygiene of children and adolescents, physical therapy
and traumatology (horizontal integration).
1.4. Minimum of skills that student must know:
2. disclose the contents of the subject of sports medicine and medical
monitoring tasks;
17
3. talk about the kinds of medical examination of athletes and athletes
for their performance;
4. list the criteria for evaluating physical development and to give an
opinion about the physical development on the basis of data
collected;
5. describe the means and methods of correction of physical
development and give an idea of the functional state of the
organism;
6. to classify functional quizs used in medical control and to give an
opinion on the functional state of the organism on the basis of these
quizs.
7. talk about medical groups for persons engaged in physical culture and
sports;
8. list contraindications for physical training;
9. list the major diseases and pathological conditions requiring special
attention in physical education and sport;
1.5. Control of students knowledge
Practical exercises are conducted in specialised classrooms and offices of the
department. Classes are provided with necessary visual material, the number of
students in the clinical group is 8-15 human rights. During the training session,
students pass the entrance quiz (interview), alone and with the participation of
the teacher solve their tasks on the mastery of knowledge and skills acquisition,
are accountable for their educational work in class. At the end of class students
are encouraged to solve some situational problems or get quized.
According to the results of training activities in accordance with the students on
the se-lected points, by the decision of the department, may be exempted from
the swipe of final certification with setting them credit.
Final certification of students includes three phases: quizing, interviewing and
quizing of practical skills.
1.6. Using pedagogical technologies
During the training session, students use many interesting pedagogical
methods as clasters, scanword etc., also they pass the entrance quiz
(interview), alone and with the participation of the teacher solve their tasks on
the mastery of knowledge and skills acquisition, are accountable for their
educational work in class. At the end of class students are encouraged to solve
some situational problems or get quized.
1. Volume of learning exertion
Volume of Distribution of general lessons
Independent
work
work
Total
Lecture
Practical lesson
18
32
20
2
18
12
3. Meaning of lecture
3.1. Topical plan of lecture
№
1.
Topic of lecture
Objectives and content of medical supervision. Medical
examination of the different segment of the population engaged
in physical culture and sports. Medical exercises dispensary.
Total2hours
hou
r
2
Lecture number 1. Objectives and content of medical supervision. Medical
examination of the different segment of the population engaged in physical
culture and sports. Medical exercises dispensary. 2 hour.
Objectives and content of follow-up for dealing with physical education,
sports, exercise. Familiarity with the work in sports medicine and physical therapy
in the medical physical culture dispensary.Familiarization with the circuit medical
examination engaged in physical culture and sports. Research and evaluation of
physical development, build, features of the musculoskeletal system;
recommendations for correction of violations of physical development.
4. Theme of practical lessons
41. Treatment faculty
Practi- lecture.
hour Theme names and their definition
Literature
cal
№
less.№
1
1
6
Medical examination of the different B.1.2,3,4,
segment of the population engaged in 5,7
physical culture and sports. Medical A.7,8,10,
exercises dispensary.Scheme of medical 11
examination of athletes and sportsmen.
Methods of study ( anthropometry,
somatoscopy ) and evaluation of physical
development
(methods
indices
,
standards, correlation )
To acquaint with methods of medical
examination of athletes and sportsmen. To
describe medical groups. To gather the
anamnesis from athletes and sportsmen. To
teach documentate and introduce with chart
of
medical
supervision.
To
take
antropomethric parameters of physical
development: spiromethry, dinamomethry,
19
Measurement of growth, Measurement of
body weight (body weight ), the
circumference of the chest
To take parameters of somatoscopy: form of
chest, spine column and foot.Caliperometry:
to determine containing of body weight
(bone, musclefat). Describtion about indexes
estimated physical evalution, standart and
correlation methods. Estimate the physical
evalution by indexes method in base of
taking results .
2
1
6
Functional quizs using in medical
supervision.
Functional
quizs
of
cardiovasvular system.Functional quizs of
respiratory system. Functional quizs of
nervous system.
Functional and morphological changes in
organism appeared by gradually training.
Procedure of martine and Letunov’s quizs
used for determine functional status of
cardiovascular system. To make Martine’s
quizand estimate the functional status of
cardiovascular sytem in base of taking
results, to indicate types of answer reaction .
Procedure of Shtange, gench, Serkin,
Rozental’s quizs used for determine
functional status of respiratory system. To
make Shtange’s quiz and estimate the
functional status of respiratory sytem in
base of taking results, to indicate types of
answer reaction.Procedure of clino-otostatic
and ortostaticquizs used for determine
functional status of nervous system. To
make quiz and estimate the functional status
of respiratory sytem in base of taking
results, to indicate types of answer reaction.
Describtion about closed and opened types
of respiration. To indicate respiratory
volume in minut, rate of respiration, depth
of respiration, vital capasity, maximal
respiratory ventilation, rate and depth of
respiration in maximal inspiration, volume
of oxygen. To estimate spirogramms.
B.1,2,3,4,
6,7
A.1,2,3,4,
6,
7,8,9,10
20
3
1
6
Medical pedagogical control. To indicate
physical ability. Harvard step quiz. PWC- B.1,2,4,7
170 submaximal quiz. To indicate A.1,2,3,4,
maximal utilization of oxygen. Indication 7
and contraindications for using physical
trains and sport.To documentate chart of
medical supervision. Definition of
indications and contraindications for
using physical trains and sport. To
documentate and defend chart of medical
supervision( 061/ u form) by students.
To introduce with objectives of medical
pedagogical supervision, methods of
control,
density
of
exercises,
to
determinephysiological oblique lineand
degree of fatigue. Using methods of medico
pedagogical control during physical training
and estimate the received results. Definition
about physical ability of organism.
Procedure Harvard stepquizs used for
determine functional status of regeneration.
To make quiz and estimate the functional
status of regeneration in base of recieved
results, to indicate types of answer
reaction.Definition
of
PWC-170
submaximal quiz, Procedure of PWC-170
submaximalquizs
used
for
determinephysical ability. To make quiz and
estimate the functional status of respiratory
sytem in base of recieved results, to indicate
types of answer reaction.Definition of
methods of estimate the maximal utilization
of oxygen.
21
3. Independence work
Practica Lecture
l lesson
№
1
1
2
1
Topics
and
meanings
independence works
of Hours
Literatur
e
2
1. Healthy life style
Influence physical exercise to
physical development, healthy
status, development of inner
organsand functional status of
organism
1
B.1,2,5,6,
7
A.1,3,10
2. Forms of somatotypes (
significance of constitution
in early sport selection).
Principes sport selections, to mark
type of sport for teenagers in bases
anthropometrical
and
somathoscopical parametres.
B.1,2,5,6,
7
A.1,3,10
1. Properties
of heart of 1
sportsmen.
Anatomical
physiological
properties of heart. Changes in the
heart by physical exercises. To
indicate length of sportmens heart
(telerent-genemetry,
echocardiography)and methods of 1
estimate.
2. Functional examinations
in sport medicine.
To definite about clinical and
paraclinical methods of estimate
functional status, labaratorical and
instrumental examination
of 1
sportmen’s systems.
3. Dietology of sport .
Functional and morphological
changes in organism by gradually
training with sport. Dietary habits
and rations.
B.1,2,3,4,
6,7
A.1,2,3,4,
7,8,
9,10
B.1,2,3,4,
6,7
A.1,2,3,4,
7,8,
9,10
B.1,2,3,4,
6,7
A.1,2,3,4,
7,8,
9,10
22
3, 4
1
3. Hygienical requirements 1
for sport buildings.
Hygienical
requirements
for
opened and closed sport buildings,
sport invertars and to comply with
them.
1
1. Doping and sport.
Definition about sport. Types .
Changes in organism by using
doping and their influence to
organism.
2. injures of sport
Definition about sport injures,
classification, etiology, mechanism
and prevention procedures of them.
3. pharmacology of sport
Particular features of course of
deseases in sportsmen, influence of
pharmacological
preparations,
remedies. Influence of drugs for
functional status of systems.
4. Ambulance in sport trains.
To introduce with bases of first aid
in injures and severe fatigue of
sportsmen
5. Particular
features
of
distribution to specific
medical groups.
Definition about specific medical
group. First time and course of
training in specific medical group
with pations.
1
1
B.1,2,6,7
A.1,2,6,8,
10
B.1,2,4,5,
6,7
A.2,3,4,7,
10
B.1,6,7
A.1,2,3,4,
6,
8,10
1
1
B.1,6,7,9
A.1,2,3,4,
6,
8,10
Practical skills by medical supervision:
1.To makequiz of Martine estimating functional status of Cardiovascular
system..
2.To makequiz of Letunov estimating functional status of Cardiovascular
system..
3.To makequiz of Stange estimating functional status of respiratory
system..
23
4 To make quiz of Gench estimating functional status of respiratory
system..
5.To makequiz of Serkin estimating functional status of respiratory
system...
6.To makequiz of Rosental estimating functional status of respiratory
system..
7.To make orthostatical quiz
estimating functional status of
nervous system..
8.To make clinoorthostatical quiz estimating functional status of nervous
system..
9.To make PWS170 quiz estimating functional ability of organism..
10.To make Harvard quiz estimating functional ability of organism..
11.To make anthropometrical and somathoscopical examinations.
Control of knowledge of students
The estimation of knowledge and practical skills of students are spent to 2 stages
on employment: the rating point of daily current control and total control are
exposed. Total control is spent after the subject termination. Control and an
estimation of knowledge of the patient is spent by various ways: oral poll,
performance of practical skills, drawing up of complexes of exercises TPT at
various diseases. Besides, students hand over independent works and are
estimated daily. Rating points of current control and result of total control in a
subject it is entered into the corresponding column.
Use of educational technology
In the course of training textbooks and a methodical material, last data from the
Internet, the distributing materials, new methods of the training, necessary tools
for carrying out of measurement and quizs, and also video films are used.
Estimation of knowledge and skills in a subject.Rating control.
Quality assurance of knowledge in a subject is carried out in two ways: current
control and total control.
Current control - knowledge and skills of students, independent work of students
is daily checked. The student reports independent work during employment, is
discussed and estimated according to rating system.
Criteria of an estimation:
- The oral answer to questions
- The decision of situational problems
- Performance of practical skills
- Use of new methods
- Application of quizs according to a theme
2. Total control - is spent after the termination of employment as follows:
- The students which maximum point is equal 55 and more are supposed
- Total control is spent in oral and written kinds
- It is estimated on the basis of rating control
24
Points flowing and total in a subject are summarised. The got points enter in the
corresponding column in the quiz book.
The general rating is estimated as follows:
86,0-100,0 points - are excellent
71,0-85,9 points - are good
55,0-70,9 points - are satisfactory
54,9 and less - it is unsatisfactory
№
Progress
Estimation
Level of knowledge of the student
1
96-100%
Excellent
"5”
2
91-95%
Excellent
"5"
3
86-90%
Excellent
“5”
On the basic questions of a theoretical part
of a theme the correct and full answer. The
answer is given in wide aspect with use of
the additional literature, creatively thinks.
Takes active part in drawing up of
organizers, sums up and makes decisions.
Shows high activity, the creative approach
at carrying out of new pedagogical
technologies. Correctly solves situational
problems with a full substantiation of the
answer, correctly solves quizs. Excellently
carries out . Independently and at high level
carries out practical skills.
The full answer to questions of a theoretical
part. The answer is given in wide aspect
with use of the additional literature,
creatively thinks. Takes active part in
drawing up of organizers, sums up and
makes decisions. Shows high activity, the
creative approach at carrying out of new
pedagogical technologies. Correctly solves
situational
problems
with
a
full
substantiation of the answer, correctly
solves quizs. carries out full. Practical skills
carries out full.
Questions of a theoretical part answers full,
but with 1-2defects. Takes active part in
drawing up of organizers, sums up and
makes decisions. Shows activity at carrying
out of new pedagogical technologies 25
Correctly solves situational problems with a
full substantiation of the answer, correctly
solves quizs, but there are some lacks.
4
81-85%
Good “4"
5
76-80%
Good “4"
6
71-75%
Good “ 4”
carries out full. Practical skills carries out
full, but by means of the teacher.
Questions of a theoretical part answers full,
but with 2-3defects. Knows the practical
importance of a material, a question essence,
clinically thinks. Takes part in drawing up
of organizers, sums up and makes decisions.
Understands an essence of new pedagogical
technologies spent on employment Correctly
solves situational problems, correctly solves
quizs, but gives insufficiently full
substantiation of the answer. carries out full,
but with 1-2 lacks. Practical skills carries
out full, but with errors.
Questions of a theoretical part answers it is
incomplete. Knows the practical importance
of a material, but understands a question
essence not enough. Takes part in drawing
up of organizers. Understands an essence of
new pedagogical technologies spent on
employment. Not completely solves
situational problems and quizs, carries out
not up to the mark. Practical skills carries
out it is incomplete, with 2-3 errors.
Questions of a theoretical part answers
correctly, but it is not full. Knows the
practical importance of a material, but
answers questions of new pedagogical
technologies
spent
on
employment
insufficiently. Knows an essence of drawing
up of organizers, answers enough, knows.
Not completely solves situational problems
and quizs. carries out full, but with 1-2
lacks. Practical skills carries out it is
incomplete, with 4 and more errors.
26
7
66-70%
Well “3”
8
61-65%
Well “3”
9
55-60%
Well “ 3”
10
50-54%
Well “3”
11
46-49%
Unsatisfacto
rily "2"
Answers half questions of a theoretical part.
Knows the practical importance of a
material, questions of new pedagogical
technologies spent on employment answers
it is incomplete. Insufficiently actively
participates in drawing up of organizers.
Situational problems and quizs solves
correctly, but cannot prove the answer.
carries out not up to the mark, poor.
Practical skills carries out with errors and
lacks.
Answers half questions of a theoretical part.
Knows the practical importance of a
material, questions of new pedagogical
technologies spent on employment answers
it is incomplete, with errors. Knows about
organizers, but does not understand an
essence. Situational problems and quizs
solves incorrectly. carries out with lacks.
Practical skills carries out with errors and
lacks.
Answers not full half questions of a
theoretical part. Knows the practical
importance of a material, questions of new
pedagogical
technologies
spent
on
employment answers it is incomplete,
unreasonably, with errors. Knows about
some points of drawing up of organizers, but
does not understand an essence. Situational
problems and quizs solves incorrectly.
carries out with lacks, the theme is not
shined. Practical skills carries out with
errors and lacks.
Answers na1/3 questions of a theoretical
part, but it is incomplete, with errors. The
student does not know a theme essence,
cannot solve quizs. Has no representation
and does not know an essence of new
pedagogical technologies. carries out not
full, with lacks. Practical skills carries out
with errors and lacks.
Answers m of questions of a theoretical part,
it is incomplete, with errors. The student
does not know a theme essence, cannot
27
12
41-45%
Unsatisfacto
rily "2"
13
36-40%
Unsatisfacto
rily "2"
14
31-35%
Unsatisfacto
rily "2"
№
Control type
1
solve quizs. Does not participate in carrying
out of new pedagogical technologies. it is
not executed. Practical skills carries out with
errors and lacks.
Answers 1/5 questions of a theoretical part,
it is incomplete, with errors. The student
does not know a theme essence. Quizs
solves incorrectly, with errors. 1/5 part is
executed. Practical skills are not mastered,
cannot execute.
Answers 1/10 part of questions of a
theoretical part, incorrectly. The student
does not know a theme essence, is mistaken
in the answer. The theme is not acquired,
cannot solve quizs. Practical skills are not
acquired, practically cannot execute.
Cannot answer questions. Does not know a
theme. Cannot solve quizs.
it is not
executed, practical skills are not acquired
absolutely not.
The maximum point
Factor
Lowest
score
50
0,5
27,5
50
0,5
27,5
100
1
55,0
passing
Current controle
2
Total controle
Total
28
MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
TASHKENT MEDICAL ACADEMY
"APPROVED"
Vice Rector by Academic
Affairs
Prof.TeshaevO.R_________
__"________"
________2014y .
Department of Folk Medicine , Rehabilitation and physical culture
Subject: Medical control
TECHNOLOGY TRAINING
on practical training
Related :
OBJECTIVES medical supervision. MEDICAL EXAMINATION SCHEME athletes and
sportsmen. METHODS OF STUDY ( anthropometry, SOMATOSCOPY ) PHYSICAL
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION ( the method of indices , STANDARD
CORRELATION )
Guidelines for teachers and students of the 4th year medical and medicalpedagogical faculties
Tashkent. 2014
29
Compilers : Associate Professor , Ph.D. Adilov Sh.K.
Technology training approved :
at a meeting of the department number ______ of __________ 2014
Education technology discussed and approved at a meeting of the therapeutic
section CMK Tashkent Medical Academy ____ number of ________ 2014
Chairman prof. MD Karimov M.SH.______________________________
30
Universal model of learning technologies in the classroom
Theme number 1: The objectives of medical control . Scheme of medical
examination of athletes and sportsmen. Methods of study ( anthropometry,
somatoscopy ) and evaluation of physical development (methods indices ,
standards, correlation ) .
Study time: 6:00
II. The main part :
Structure of the training 1. theoretical
session prodrome
2 . analytical
3 . practical
4 . independent work of students
III. Final (resultant ) part
The purpose of the training session : to consolidate and deepen the knowledge of
the content of the subject VC on the concept of physical development and its
methods of study and evaluation , develop the skill of anthropometry and
somatoscopy , teach and conduct conclusion be correct physical development.
Learning Methods
Learning outcomes :
The student must :
• disclose the contents of the subject of sports
medicine and medical monitoring tasks ;
• talk about the kinds of medical examination of
athletes and athletes for their performance;
• list the criteria for evaluating physical
development ;
• to give an opinion about the physical
development on the basis of data collected;
• describe the means and methods of correction of
physical development.
The student should be able to:
perform practical skills : hold somatoscopic study
independently
make
anthropometric
measurements , complete medical checklist athletes and sportsmen .
Learning Methods
Brainstorming ; machinery : graphic organizer - a
cluster of " Evaluation Criteria of physical
development ."
Forms of organization of Individual work , group work, team .
learning activities
Learning Tools
Training manuals, training materials , a set of
measuring instruments ( scales, stadiometer ,
measuring tape , spirometer , dynamometers ) ,
31
Ways and
feedback
means
slides , markers, sheets of A3 , A4.
of Quiz , quizing, presentation of the results of solving
situational problems , making clusters , evaluation
of development of practical skills.
Typical flow chart of lesson
Stages of work ,
time 6 h activity
stage 1
Introduction to
the
training
session
25 min
Teacher
1 . Tells subject , purpose and planned
learning outcomes . Familiar with the plan
and features of the training session .
2 . Describes key categories and concepts
on this topic.
3 . Reported indicators and evaluation
criteria of academic work in class.
Stage 2
The practical part
4 hours
(1 hr ) 1. Conducts a quiz to identify the
main:
source of students' knowledge on the
The theoretical topic:
part ( 2:00 )
• The concept of sports medicine , medical
monitoring tasks .
• Basic medical examinations of athletes
and sportsmen (primary , landmark ,
additional , urgent ) .
Analytical part • The concept of physical development
( 2:00 )
and the importance of it for sports
selection .
• Somatoscopy .
• Anthropometry .
2 . Students are encouraged to discuss the
problem of sports medicine and medical
monitoring method of " brainstorming ."
3 . Explains the concept of " physical
development ", parses the evaluation
criteria of physical development (data
external examination and anthropometry )
4 . Make offers graphic organizer - a
cluster on " Evaluation Criteria of physical
development ."
Student
Listen, write ,
update , ask
questions.
Answer questions
.
Participate
in
discussions , ask
questions, outline
, specify.
Perform
the
learning task .
Following
the
teacher perform
practical skills.
32
5 . Demonstrates techniques of of
somatoscopy and anthropometry .
6. Organize the implementation of
students' practical skills.
7. Divides the students into groups.
Reminiscent of rules and regulations in a
group discussion.
8. Gives the task :
• Solve the proposed situational problem .
Conduct and discuss the results of
individual work in mini-groups ;
• Prepare for a presentation.
1. 9. Coordinates , advises, directs the
learning activities . Examines and
evaluates the results of individual work :
filling medical and checklists , structure tion anthropometric profile and
conclusions
about
the
physical
development .
stage 3
1 . An opinion on the subject, focusing
A Final -result - students on the main reports on the
ing
importance of the work done for future
20 min
professional careers .
2 . Commends the work of groups and
individual students , summarizes grade .
Analyzes and assesses the degree of
achievement of lesson .
Gives the task to prepare for the next
lesson .
Divided
groups.
into
Perform
the
learning task .
Present
the
results
of
individual
and
group work .
Listen.
Conduct
selfesteem, grade .
Ask
questions.
Opine .
Recorded
assignment.
Subject : Problems of medical control . Scheme of medical examination of
athletes and sportsmen. Methods of study ( anthropometry, somatoscopy ) and
evaluation of physical development (methods indices , standards, correlation )
1. Venue classes : Department of Medical Rehabilitation third TMA Clinic , a
physiotherapy clinic 1st TMA .
2 . Duration of study themes : the number of hours - 6.
3 . Session Purpose : to consolidate and deepen the knowledge of the content of
the subject VC on the concept of physical development and its methods of study
and evaluation , develop the skill of anthropometry and somatoscopy teach make
conclusion and spend correction of physical development .
33
4 . Pedagogical objectives:
• Fix a general idea of sports medicine and medical control ;
• organize knowledge about the kinds of medical examination of athletes and
sportsmen and to conduct them;
• consolidate and extend the knowledge about the physical development ;
• analyze techniques somatoscopic research and data analysis to assess the
features of physical development ;
• To develop skills of anthropometry and completing the relevant documentation;
• learn to assess physical development indices methods , standards, correlation ;
• develop skills in organizing, comparing , summarizing , and analyzing
information ;
• develop communication skills.
5 . Learning outcomes
The student must know:
• disclose the contents of the subject of sports medicine and medical monitoring
tasks ;
• talk about the kinds of medical examination of athletes and athletes for their
performance;
• list the criteria for evaluating physical development ;
• to give an opinion about the physical development on the basis of data
collected;
• describe the means and methods of correction of physical development.
The student should be able to:
• perform practical skills : hold somatoscopic study independently make
anthropometric measurements , medical and fill checklist athletes and sportsmen
.
6. Methods and techniques of teaching
Brainstorming ; machinery: Graphic Organizer - cluster.
7. Learning Tools
Manuals, training materials , a set of measuring devices for anthropometry (
medical scales , stadiometer , measuring tape , spirometer , manual and tripod
dynamometers ) , slides , markers, banners, sheets of A3 , A4.
8. forms of learning
Individual work , group work , team .
9. conditions of Learning
Audience ratings conditions for working in groups.
10 . Monitoring and evaluation
Interpreting control : control issues , perform educational tasks in groups ,
performing skills .
Written control : control questions , the quiz solution and situational problems .
34
11. motivation
Features of modern life , on the one hand, is characterized by the lack of
adequate muscular load for optimum performance ( no improvement ) systems
and organs , and on the other - the use of large volume and intensity of physical
activity (professional sports) . In connection with this medical practice before it
became necessary to study these relationships between the body and the
physical work that led to the creation of a special science - Sports Medicine .
Sports Medicine - a branch of medical science and practice, study the positive and
negative effects of different levels of physical activity on health and physical
condition, as well as the means and methods of influencing processes of postload
recovery and improve efficiency . Goals and objectives of sports medicine , as well
as means to achieve them are largely consonant c physiotherapy . For example,
the primary means of improving functional reserves , prevention and health
promotion athlete , a disabled patient is exercising. Their use in sporting activities
and in the process of rehabilitation is based on general principles of teaching the
theory and practice of physical education - training dosage . Thus , we can talk
more about the proximity of these disciplines than the difference .
Medical control is the main section of Sports Medicine . Its task is constant
selection, medical examination and monitoring of persons engaged in physical
culture and sports .
12. Intra and Interdisciplinary communication
Teaching the topic is based on the knowledge students the basics of normal
anatomy and physiology, pathophysiology , propaedeutics internal medicine,
biostatistics (vertical integration ) . Also knowledge of the topic integrated with
therapy , hygiene of children and adolescents , physical therapy and traumatology
( horizontal integration) .
13. Content classes
13.1. The theoretical part
The main purpose of sports medicine - the preservation and promotion of health
of people engaged in physical culture and sports , treatment and prevention of
pathological conditions and diseases , promoting the rational use of means and
methods of physical culture and sports, process optimization of postload recovery
and improve performance , prolong active , creative life period ( G.A.Makarova ,
2003).
Tasks sports medicine reduced to the following aspects :
1. Definition of health and functional status , physical development surveyed to
address sports orientation , tolerance to physical education , sports, summer
residence of the recommendations for the rational use of physical activity, modes
of work and training ;
35
2 . Regular monitoring of the health , physical development , functional state
during training and competition.
3 . Analysis of disease, injury and specific injury arising from unsustainable
physical education and sports , develop methods of early diagnosis, prevention,
treatment, and rehabilitation;
4 . Development, quizing and introduction of biomedical tools and methods for
optimizing the processes of recovery and improve athletic performance .
The objectives of the medical monitoring include:
- systematic medical monitoring and medical- pedagogical supervision for athletes
and athletes during training and competition ;
- health-care provision of training and competition sites , mass participation of
sports events;
- prevention and treatment of sports injuries , pathological conditions, diseases ;
- consultation in the field of physical culture and sports;
- a teaching guide to medical control cabinets and work a common network of
medical institutions for physical culture and sports;
health education and advocacy among the population , etc.
Currently, public health, especially the younger generation , has deteriorated
significantly . At the same time there is a constant involvement of entities in
physical exercise . Medical control for dealing with physical culture and sport
must be carried out not only doctors specialized agencies , but also GPs network
of health facilities by health authorities. However, without a basic knowledge of
sports medicine is difficult to decide questions of professional selection ,
prevention of pathological conditions , the use of tools and techniques in the
training process , adequate health and physical condition , age and individual
abilities of man.
Scheme of medical examination of athletes and sportsmen
Regardless of the type of medical examination during their holding should adhere
to certain requirements are: complexity , functional and dynamic thrust of the
medical examination , as well as an individual approach to the interpretation of
results .
Initial medical Staged
Additiona Current
urgent
examinations
l
The purpose of to give an opinion
the
medical on the possibility of
examination
exercise and sports
, to determine
medical group ;
hold professional
selection
Identify
dynamics
studies
reveal the
influence
of time
resumption
of
classes
and
participation in
competitions
after an illness ,
injury
analysis
postload
changes in
the body ,
to evaluate
the
possibility
of
36
participatin
g in multiday events
Requirements
complexity , functional and dynamic orientation of medical
for
medical examination, an individual approach
examinations
Criteria
underlying the
medical
conclusion
Methods
for
determining
the criteria
Evaluation
criteria
health
Functional state
physical
development
general and special
history , laboratory
,
clinical
and
instrumental
investigations
Healthy
Practically healthy
diagnosis
function quizs , quizs
Somatoscopy
(
external
examination),
anthropometry
Very poor
Poor
average
good
Great
Average
above-average
below
the
average
Minimum list of paraclinical examinations should include:
- A general analysis of blood and urine ;
- Study of physical development ( in young athletes is defined as the degree of
puberty );
- Chest X-ray ;
- ECG at rest and during exercise ;
- Echocardiography ;
- Analysis of the type of reaction of the cardiovascular system functional quizs ;
- Determination of total RWC
One of the difficult and important issues in the primary medical
examination should be considered a health assessment , identification of
pathological hereditary predisposition and underlying pathology . According to
the WHO Constitution , health - it is not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
, but a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being .
The main criteria for health are:
# compliance function structure and function of the structure ( the absence of
morphological and functional abnormalities );
# body's ability to maintain a constant internal environment (homeostasis );
# high efficiency and good psycho- emotional state.
37
Gradation of health:
# healthy .
# Virtually healthy ( with disabilities in the state of health or disease , are well
compensated , without exacerbation and do not limit the execution of training
work in its entirety) .
# Has illness requiring exclusion from sports.
Principles of health assessment in the practice of sports medicine
• elimination of diseases and pathological conditions attributable to common
contraindications to sports ;
• prediction of the state of health ( should take into account features of the
constitution , pathological hereditary predisposition , the probability of underlying
pathology , past illnesses and injuries , etc.) ;
• determine the degree of risk in the presence of the so -called border states of
the examinees .
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
Physical development - a set of inherited and acquired the morphological and
functional characteristics of the organism that determine its potential , as well as
compliance with the biological age of the passport . Physical development can
serve as criteria for the selection and orientation of sports for various sports .
Physical development is one of the indicators of health status .
The basic methods of physical development are somatoscopy (visual inspection )
and anthropometry ( somatometry ) .
Criteria for evaluation of physical development are:
Somatoscopy
Anthropometry
morphological
parameters
Functional parameters
Physique
Height (body length )
Body Weight
Posture
Circles body parts
Excursion chest
Skin and visible mucous
diameters body parts
VC
Subcutaneous fat
Stanovoy force
Muscular system
dynamometer brushes
38
Skeletal system
Form thorax
Form back
Form feet
Form feet
hernial ring
The first stage is the subject of the survey inspection. The subject should be
stripped down to his underwear , standing freely , feet shoulder width apart .
Inspection is carried out in the front, side and rear.
Physique. It refers to the dimensions , the odds , the proportions and
features of the mutual arrangement of body parts. Not to be confused with the
concept of body constitution, which is much wider. The Constitution includes a
representation of the composition of the body, especially metabolic reactivity to
external and internal stimuli. Constitution - a single set sufficiently stable
morphological, functional and psychological characteristics of the organism ,
established on the basis of genotype influenced by environmental factors ( GA
Makarov , 2003). Due to the complexity of diagnosis of the constitution in athletic
and sporting practice often guided by the research subject somatotype . That is,
to describe a constitution based on morphological characters , the term " somatic
", which is also the biological passport and identity . Currently somatotype
regarded as one of the reliable factors determining the rate of ontogeny, which is
essential for early sports specialization .
Learn the ratio of the components of the body - fat , muscle , bone , estimating it
as endomorphic ( well developed subcutaneous fat ) , mesomorphic ( developed
muscles and skeleton ) , ectomorphic ( dlinotnye prevail elongated dimensions of
the human body ) .
Based on the schema type definition somatoscopic constitution distinguished:
• asthenoid type . It is characterized by narrow body shapes , hands, feet .
Epigastric angle is acute . Stooping spin blades protrude . Bone thin. Weak
development of fat and muscle components. For small absolute values of muscle
strength and cardiorespiratory performance relative ( per 1 kg of body weight)
figures are quite high , the response to exercise economical.
• Thoracic type . With this type of body shape is narrow ( but to a lesser degree
than in astenikov ) shoulder width - medium, epigastric angle - straight, cylindrical
thorax . Fat , muscle and bone components of the body are weak or moderate .
39
Relative performance of motor characteristics and maximal oxygen consumption
(IPC) high .
• The muscular type . A well-developed muscle and bone components with
moderate fat content component. Proportional physique , broad shoulders ,
narrow pelvis , thorax cylindrical, epigastric angle - straight , body weight above
the average. High level of physical performance , large values of the absolute and
relative performance of motor characteristics .
• Abdominal ( degistivny ) type . It corresponds to a stockg build , body weight
above the average values , abundant fat deposition , development of bone and
muscle components moderate body , shoulders and hips are wide, bulging belly ,
all rounded body shape . Absolute values of motor characteristics can be quite
high , but relative - low. Reduced levels of physical health , wasteful response to
exercise.
Posture . This is a familiar person standing posture ease closed- heels with
socks still deployed at an angle of 45-500 . When viewed from the front draws
attention to the position of the head , shoulder girdle and nipple level , form the
thorax and abdomen , body position , symmetrical triangle waist ( the distance
between the hand and lowered a notch waist), shape of the legs .
When viewed from the back , pay attention to the position of the head, shoulder
girdle level , the position of the blades ( their level , the distance from the spine to
the tightness of their chest ) , a symmetrical triangle waist , symmetry along the
spinous processes , the level of the iliac bones .
When the tilt housing ( chin should be pressed to his chest and arms hanging
freely ) draws attention to the line of the spinous processes , for symmetry relief
chest muscle for the presence of the roller in the lumbar region and the rib hump.
When viewed from the side , the position of the head, or gain flatness
physiological curves of the spine in the thoracic and lumbar spine .
Posture is evaluated as right and wrong. With proper posture and lack of
curvature of the spine in the survey revealed a direct holding of the head, a
symmetrical arrangement of the blades , neck and shoulder lines , axillary folds ,
the iliac bone on both sides, and in the presence of scoliosis and abuse their
posture symmetry is broken to a different extent depending on the degree of
scoliosis and posture defects .
40
Fig.1. Pronounced rib hump on the right cushion and muscle in the left lumbar
region . Curved line of the spinous processes . The dashed line represents the
view at the correct posture .
Color of the skin and visible mucous . The skin is described as a smooth ,
clean, dry, wet , elastic , sluggish , etc. Visible mucous - like clean , pink , wet , etc.
Subcutaneous fat . Fat component outlines the shape of the body reflects
the hormonal status of the individual , the type of neural activity , particularly
metabolism.
Formation of fat mass and the nature of its distribution - a hereditary
phenomenon , not related to the volume of muscle mass and size of the
proportion of bone mass. Fat component depends on the age . In periods of life ,
age appropriate , the number of persons with reduced fat deposition . In
evaluating the body fat mass are kaliperometricheskim method.
Fig . 2 . Compass , calipers (a) and thickness measurement skinfold on the
shoulder (b).
For persons under the age of 25 years is sufficient to measure the amount of four
folds of fat thickness ( SZH4 ) . On the front ( over the abdomen biceps ) and back
( in the middle third of the triceps muscle ) of the shoulder . In the upper third of
the front of the thigh obliquely along the sartorius and the lower third of the
femur head above the outer quadriceps , taking the fold vertically . Calculations
41
are made using the formula: A = ( SZH4 - C ) / D, where A - the unknown quantity (
cond unit .); C and D - constants presented in the respective applications .
Currently, a number of foreign firms (Japan, Netherlands ) produce instruments
for measuring body fat . The principle of the fat component of the body is based
on the measurement of resistance to the current passing through the tissue of the
subject.
Muscular system . Estimate the volume , tone and symmetry of muscle
development . Visually, the volume of the muscular system characterized as
poorly , moderately and well-defined . Certainly more important for athletes to
assess muscle mass and its percentage of the total weight . However, existing
methods for estimating muscle mass to date ( X-ray , biochemical ,
anthropometric and ultrasound ) are virtually inaccessible for coaches .
Muscle tone is characterized as normal , hyper - and hypotonia . To define it using
special Miotonometry .
Skeletal system . Draws attention to the shape of the bony skeleton . It is rated as
narrow, wide and normal . Some idea of the shape skeleton gives the index
Solovyov. When largest wrist circumference in women more than 16.5 cm and 18
cm more men form skeleton characterized as broad. Another way to assess the
form of skeleton is obhvatyvanii his wrist wrist . If the distal phalanx of the thumb
in contact with a similar phalanx of the middle finger - a form of skeleton
characterized as normal. If one finger phalange is superimposed on another, or
vice versa, the distance between them , the shape of skeleton respectively
evaluated as narrow and wide .
Marked joint mobility. Are there any restrictions , the presence of tender
points on palpation of bones and bony protrusions. Reduced range of motion may
be due to :
• inability to relax muscles ( spasticity and rigidity)
• certain pathology joint ( arthrosis, arthritis, etc. )
• prolonged immobility joint immobilization needed to treat injuries of joints,
ligaments , muscles and tendons.
• constant chronic trauma to hypermobility or instability of the joint , which
causes a compensatory protective shortening of muscle- tendon tissue.
The shape of the thorax. It is rated as cylindrical, conical, barrel-shaped ,
flat, pigeon breast . Furthermore, to determine the degree of uniformity of
development on both sides of the chest.
42
Fig . 3 . The shape of the thorax. 1- normal, 2-flat , 3 chicken , funnel - 4 , 5 emphysematous (barrel ) .
Form back. Draws attention to the severity of the physiological curves in
the sagittal plane . Both increases and flattening the physiological curves may be
due to muscle imbalances , a manifestation of connective tissue dysplasia or
developmental abnormalities of the spine. For example, a significant increase in
thoracic kgphosis may be a manifestation of the disease Scheuermann - Mau, as a
consequence of underdevelopment of ossification centers in the anterior
vertebral body apophyses . Vertebrae while taking a wedge shape . When viewed
from behind estimated deviation from the midline of the spine to the right or to
the left, and the location of the spinous processes of the vertebrae , especially at
maximum lean forward with outstretched arms .
43
Fig . 4 . Measurement of the curves of the spine in the sagittal ( a) and frontal ( b)
planes skoliozimetrom Podyapolsk .
Fig . 5 . Form back. a- normal, b - round, in - plane , g - round concave .
Form feet and legs . Examination of the musculoskeletal system always
paid close attention as part of the medical staff and specialist sports.
Abnormalities in the development of the musculoskeletal system , in the form of
varus or valgus pronounced curvature of the lower limbs, varying the length of
the legs , the deviations in the arch of the foot in a tense muscle activity can lead
to specific injuries and diseases .
It is important to determine the length of the lower extremities ( the distance
from the anterior superior iliac spine to the end of the inner ankle ) . Observations
show that the majority of children of preschool and school -age children have
44
defects of posture and spinal curvature is due to shortening of one limb (about
35% ) . Measurement of limb length spend supine , feet together , one should
bear in mind that the tip of the nose , navel and line connections are still in a
straight line . Under this condition the shortening of the limbs and sometimes can
be seen by eye.
Legs form are correct (direct ) , when the longitudinal axis of the femur and tibia
are the same, and the inner surface of the knee and ankle joints in contact. If the
inside of the knee touch , and between the ankle has some distance ( hip axis and
Glenn form an angle , open outwards ) - a form of X-shaped legs . If the inside of
the ankles are touching, and the axis of the femur and tibia form an angle , open
inwards , leg shape - O- shaped (Fig. 5) .
Pronounced O- and X - shaped curvature of the legs is a contraindication for
practicing a jump and aesthetic sports (long jump , triple jump , acrobatics,
gymnastics and sports , etc.)
Figure 6. Form feet. a- normal, b - X-shaped in -O- shaped .
True leg length is measured in the supine position . The distance from the greater
trochanter to the medial malleolus . It should be borne in mind that there is a true
and functional ( false ) shortened one of the limbs . For their differentiation using
quiz Derbolovskogo . Subjects were asked to sit down. If the transition to a sitting
position , revealed a visual difference in leg length is leveled , there is a relative
(functional ) shortened legs . In general anthropometric studies show that 75% of
people left leg longer than the right , the difference in average reaches up to 8
mm . It should be borne in mind, jumpers longer leg (ie more leverage ) often is
jogging . Do players in handling the ball and hitting it more often used over short
leg as shorter length of the lever allows fast feints techniques.
Studies arch made by methods podometrics or plantography .
Podometric foot index calculated by the formula :
45
I = (h 100 ): L, where I - podometric index (%), h - height of the foot (cm) , the
highest point of the dorsum of the foot ; L - foot length (cm) , the distance
between the edge of the heel and the end point 1 finger phalanges . If I more than
33 % - a very high arch , from 33 to 31% - a moderately high arch , from 31 to 29%
- normal arch , from 29 to 27% - a modest flat , from 27 to 25% - a flat foot and no
same 25 % - a sharp flat .
Determining the degree of flatfoot principle plantography modification Godunov.
The ratio of the width of the loaded part of the sole to the Non load to 1 normal
arch , from 1.1 to 2, the foot is considered to be flattened more than 2 - flat .
Visual inspection of the foot is loaded part (lateral ) unlike Non load ( medial )
looks darker .
Figure 7 . Explanation plantogram by IM Czyżyny .
Figure 8 . Shape of the foot (by plantogram ) . 0 - hollow , 1- normal, 2- flattened ,
3 - flat.
Anthropometry
When conducting anthropometric measurements necessary to comply with
the basic requirements and make them a unified methodology.
46
Pose measured . Analyzed must be located in a natural, characteristic of him ,
pose in a position with your heels together , toes apart , arms down , head is fixed so
that the top edge of the tragus of the ear and the lower edge of the orbit were in
the same horizontal plane .
Measuring place . Appropriate, especially in mass screening , used for measuring
individual and undressing , warm, well-lit , the adjacent rooms .
Time of the survey . Morning fasting , or 2-3 hours after ingestion.
Anthropometric instruments . Must be accurate and continuously monitored.
Measuring the length of the body is done by stadiometer and determined in
standing and sitting . Analyzed becomes back to anthropometry, touching his heels ,
buttocks , interscapular area. The upper edge and the lower edge of the tragus of
the orbit must be horizontal .
After the examinee has made the correct position on the top rack carefully lower
horizontal sliding sleeve with a clipboard to contact with the head. Figure , which is
fixed planchette shows height in centimeters . Measuring growth is accurate to 0.5
cm
To measure the growth in the sitting position examinee sits on a folding bench
touching the buttocks straps and interscapular region. Head is attached to the same
position as in the measurement of growth standing .
Figure 8 . Measuring the length of the body ( growth ) standing ( a) sitting and
(b).
Body weight . Used to measure it lever or electronic scales . Accuracy of
measurement of body weight equals '50
47
Fig . 10 . Medical scales .
Weighing is done without coats and shoes . The subject becomes gently into the
middle of the weighing platform when the latch is down detent . Examiner should
raise the gate detent and move the weight on the bottom plate rocker from the zero
point to the free end as long as the rocker will not make significant swings in
relation to the level of the coracoid projection . Following this, it is necessary to
move in the same direction as the weight on the top plate until equilibration and
then lower the shutter detent .
Weight of the subject is derived from the sum of two numbers , the movement
of fixed weights on the top and bottom strips .
Measurement girths . Researcher puts a tape on the measured part of the body
so that the zero division ribbons are on the front sight, and the other end of it above the zero end and marks the division , coming against zero .
Neck girth - measured by the thyroid cartilage .
Bust . Behind the tape is applied under the bottom corners of the blades , the
front men and children - at the level of the nipple , women - the upper edge of the
breast . Bust is measured with a deep breath , deep breath and in the intermediate
state ( paused ) . The difference in the values of the chest girth measured in a state
of deep inhalation and exhalation is a hike chest .
Abdominal girth - measured at the level of the navel point in time pause
between inhalation and exhalation .
Waist - measuring tape superimposed on 5-6 cm above the iliac crests .
48
Girth through the buttocks - the tape passes through the outermost area of the
buttocks
Thigh girth - investigated
stands legs apart . The tape is
applied to the thigh at the gluteal
fold.
Shin girth - measured in the
greaquiz development of the
gastrocnemius muscle .
Girth shoulder at rest measured in most developed
shoulder muscles . Arm hangs ,
the muscles are relaxed .
Girth shoulder strain - the
subject raises his arm in a horizontal position , bend it at the elbow and shoulder
muscles straining maximum . Measurement is performed in the widest part of the
shoulder.
Forearm girth - measured in maximum muscle development loosely hanging arm
muscles relaxed .
Vital capacity ( VC) . This is the maximum amount of air to be exhaled after
maximal inhalation. VC measured water or dry spirometers . More precise figures
are obtained using water spirometer . Holding his nose with your fingers , the quiz
after two - three deep breaths prior makes maximum exhale into the mouthpiece of
the spirometer . Procedure can be repeated . The value obtained is called the actual
VC and FVC compared to its proper value VC ( Jhelum ) . Dzheliev sheet can be
produced according to the formula :
men Jhelum (ml ) = (27,63-0,112 AGE ) length ( in cm) woman, Gelle (ml ) =
(21,78-0,101 AGE ) length ( in cm) .
For healthy people to FVC ratio Jhelum ranges from 81 to 123 % , covering 93 %
of the entire quiz.
Torque indicators (strength left , right hand , deadlift ) . For measurements using
a wrist arm strength dynamometer which is compressed with a maximum intensity
at the elongated arm at the side . Measurement of the force is made up of hands
unless the latter figure will not be less than the previous one.
49
Fig . 11. Hand and becomes dynamometers .
Deadlift at researched measured in the absence of contraindications : omission
of internal organs, spine instability , high myopia , the presence of hernias ,
menstruation , high blood pressure numbers , etc. The quiz subject becomes feet on
the platform , the mainstay of the dynamometer handle located at the level of the
knee , with arms and legs should be unfolded . From this starting position the
subject pulls the handle up the mainstay of the dynamometer .
This indicator is one of the most important biological factors assessment of the
subjects . First, to any of the anthropometric features are no contraindications for
their measurement . Secondly, in order to show good results deadlift is necessary to
generate a strong impetus in the central nervous system to activate a lot of muscle ,
and not only the muscles of the back , but the upper and lower limbs, abdomen ,
neck, etc.
Fig . 12. Measurement of backbone strength
Evaluation of physical development
To this end, methods are used :
• indices or indicators;
• standards and anthropometric profiles ;
• correlations ;
• percentiles .
Method indexes. To assess the anthropometric data in the practice of medical
monitoring is not widely used . However, when mass screening to obtain preliminary
information about the physical development , clinical work (especially
massorostovye indicators ) application of the method
is justified indexes .
Method indexes. To assess the anthropometric
data in the practice of medical monitoring is not
widely used . However, when mass screening to obtain
preliminary information about the physical
50
development , clinical work (especially massorostovye indicators ) application of the
method is justified indexes . The most commonly used indices include:
# Pirke
# Pine
# Erisman
# mass-height ( Quetelet , Mahony , Brock - Brugsch )
# Life
# Power
Index Pirke ( Beduzi ) calculated by the formula : D - Dc
Dc X 100
D- standing body length ; Dc - body length sitting . Value of the index gives an
indication of the relative length of the legs: less than 87 % - a small length of the legs
( lower center of gravity ) , 87 - 92% - is proportional to the ratio between the length
of the legs and torso , more - 92% - a relatively large length of the legs ( high center
of gravity ) .
Pine index calculated by the formula : D-(M + O), where D - standing body length
in cm, M - weight in kilograms; About - chest circumference in the expiratory phase ,
see The smaller Pine index , the better the ( in the absence of obesity ) . An index
less than 10 is rated as a strong constitution , from 10 to 20 - good, from 21 to 25 the average , from 26 to 35 - is weak, more than 36 - very weak .
Erisman index is calculated as follows : from the chest circumference paused
subtracted half body length . Erisman index averages for men +5,4-6,0 cm for
women +3,8-4,4 see
Massorostovye indexes : Index Quetelet Body Mass Index (BMI ) is calculated by
the formula BMI = M/D2 where M - weight in kg ; D - body length in meters.
WHO identifies four levels of BMI . Less than 18.5 kg/m2 - low body weight ;
ot18 , 5 to 24.9 - normal weight , 25 to 29.9 - overweight and over 30 - obesity .
Index Mahony optimal body weight for men is calculated by the formula [(D /
2,5 x4, 0 ) -128] x 453 = c. For women [(D / 2,5 x3, 5 ) -108] x453 = c.
Index Brock - Brugsch . Proper body mass (M ) is calculated by the formula: M =
D- 100 in subjects with a body length (D) 155-165 cm in body length of 166-175 and
more than 175 cm, respectively subtracted 105 and 110 cm
Life index . The magnitude of the vital capacity (in ml ) is divided by the weight (
in kg) . Proper life index values : male 50-65 ml / kg in females 40 -56 mL / kg.
Power index is calculated what percentage of power left, right hand or the
deadlift is the quiz of its body weight. For men, the power index for the brush is 6570 % for women - 50-60%. Deadlift for men , these figures reach 200-220 % for
women - 120-140 %.
Method anthropometric standards .. Standards - it's common or group averages
characterizing the mean values for all attributes of the surveyed group ( group
51
standards) . Average values of attributes corresponding to certain groups are
Rostovs with growth standards. For each attribute in the appropriate column in the
table indicate the arithmetic mean value (M) and standard deviation of M ().
Body length standing evaluated by an overall average data. Assessment of all
other indicators based on the average results of these signs , taking into account the
length of the body surveyed through the Rostov standards. First, determine the
length of the body , standing, then - all other data . Anthropometric assessment
results produced by this method so . The results obtained are compared with the
corresponding mean values , which are standards for the study group . The resulting
difference is the deviation from the mean feature . It can have a positive value if the
attribute in more standard ( M) , or a negative value when the sign is less than the
standard.
To estimate the value obtained deviation divided by the amount corresponding
to the basis of the standard deviation (), ie determine ), studied sign differs from
the mean. the amount by which the sigma (
• Symptom typical (normal ) , if different from the average value is not more
than 0,5
• tag above or below , respectively, for a typical positive or negative deviations
exceeding 0,5 . , but not more than 1
• Symptom high ( or low if negative deviation ) if sigma greater than 1 but less
than 2 .
• Symptom very high (or , respectively , very low ) if more than 2 sigma .
Anthropometric indices estimated by the standard deviation , can be
represented graphically by constructing anthropometric profile. For this purpose,
the abnormality in the sigma transferred to the grid , in which the vertical columns
are designated point corresponding features (length, weight, vital capacity , etc. ) ,
and the horizontal - deviation sigma . United points form straight lines
anthropometric profile.
Method correlations. Many anthropometric signs of physical development, in
particular , such as length , weight , chest circumference , VC interrelated. The
degree of dependence between the features expressed by the value of the
correlation coefficient R within 1. Koefftsient 1 is a direct relationship between the
studied traits (increasing one trait increases the other). Coefficient of -1 means
feedback.
The magnitude of an increase ( or decrease) of the second feature if the first
incremented (e.g., by increasing the length of the body 1 cm ) is called a regression
coefficient . The calculation of these coefficients allows us to represent the
correlation between anthropometric features in the form of tables or nomograms
used to assess physical development .
52
Percentile method . Percentiles - indicators that are determined by the location
in a series of ascending gradation . In practice it is usually used only some of the
percentiles : P3, P10, P25 , P50 , P75 , P90 , P97
It is believed that if the observed individually sign is in the range from P25 to P75
the value of it is correct.
If anthropometric sign is in the range from P10 to P25 and P75 to P90 on , the
assessment of its respectively below and above the average.
If the value of this indicator is in the range from P3 to P10 and P90 to P97 on ,
the score will be high or low , respectively .
If the value is considered for some individual cases is in the range up to P97 P3
or higher , the score will be "very low" or "very high" (hence , "very low" will be 3%
of all cases , and "very high " - also 3 %) .
Evaluation and correction of physical development. Traditionally, the main
criteria of physical development include: body length , body weight, chest
circumference , vital capacity .
Correction of physical development should begin with a normalization of body
weight , as according to various sources , the number of people who are overweight
, ranges from 30 to 50%. Normalization only body weight, affect the increase in the
relative performance of the life and power indices. The most rational approach to
weight reduction is that energy consumption during the day is higher than the
number of calories supplied to the food. As a means of better stimulating catabolism
is rational muscle activity . It should consist of the dynamic nature of the exercises
include large muscle groups . In general, exercise intensity should be moderate ( 4050% of the pulse reserve) with short-term , within 10-15 seconds , increasing to a
large and submaximal (60, 75-80 % of the pulse reserve) intensity. Duration of
classes within 1-1.5 hours . This character classes is also a good way to develop
aerobic performance , maximal oxygen consumption .
Deficiency of body weight is recommended to use a technique classes builders in
combination with a sufficient amount of protein intake in the diet . Physical stress
on different muscle groups should be performed with moderate weights (30-50 % of
the maximum voluntary force ) with lots of repetitions ( 10-12 times ) in one
approach . Such approaches a rest interval between 2-3 minutes , must be 6 - 8.
Capacity will increase the active mass and muscle strength .
Questions for Knowledge Control :
1. List the tasks of medical control .
2 . Types of medical examinations of athletes and sportsmen , list their goals .
3 . List the minimum list of paraclinical examinations to address the issue of the
possibility of physical culture and sports .
4 . Define the term " physical development ".
5 . Research methods of physical development .
6. What signs are studying at of somatoscopy ?
53
7. List morphological anthropometric characteristics.
8. List the functional anthropometric characteristics.
9. Body types , types of constitution.
10 . Posture , determination , research methods , types of posture.
11. Shape of the chest.
12. Forms back.
13. Leg shape .
14. Methods of studying the shape of the foot .
15. Methods of measuring growth.
16. Methods of measurement of body weight.
17. Method of measuring the circumference of the thorax.
18. Methods of measuring the VC.
19. Methods of measuring forces of right and left hands.
20. Methods of measuring backbone strength .
21. List the methods of evaluation of physical development .
22. Describe the method of indices to assess risk factors .
23. Describe the method for assessing RF standards .
24. Describe the correlation method to assess risk factors .
25. Describe the method for estimating percentiles DF .
To assess the level of assimilation of the theoretical material is also used quiz
questions (see Appendix 1 ).
Criteria for evaluating the theoretical part
17-14
Maximum score 21-18
25-22 points
excellent
100%-86%
good
85%-71%
satisfactory
70-55%
13-9
unsatisfactory
54%-37%
8 points and
below
bad
36% or below
13.2. The analytical part of
13.2.1 . USING "brainstorming"
To work on this technique, it is necessary to establish an atmosphere of trust,
overcome psychological stress as an obstacle to open discussion . Technique
combines the ability to extend stereotype , abstracted from existing constraints , to
develop dynamic mental activity , intensify training activities . The method teaches
argue and defend their own point of view , to find the optimal solution to build
communion , to convince others of loyalty defended position .
Methodology provides :
54
• greeting soaring thoughts ;
• obtaining the greaquiz number of proposals;
• a combination of ideas and their development;
• any comments and criticisms that interfere with the formation of ideas ;
• a brief statement without arguments deployed ;
• division of the group into those who generates ideas and those who cultivate it
.
Students are encouraged to discuss the problem of sports medicine and medical
supervision. Everyone expresses their proposals , which are written on the board or
flip card. Then alternately opened position template and compared with the
responses of students. At the end of an assessment of the job correctly and
summarizing.
Pattern of responses. The main tasks of Sports Medicine :
1. Definition of health and functional status , physical development surveyed to
address sports orientation , tolerance to physical education , sports, summer
residence of the recommendations for the rational use of physical activity, modes of
work and training ;
2 . Regular monitoring of the health , physical development , functional state
during training and competition.
3 . Analysis of disease, injury and specific injury arising from unsustainable
physical education and sports , develop methods of early diagnosis, prevention,
treatment, and rehabilitation;
4 . Development, quizing and introduction of biomedical tools and methods for
optimizing the processes of recovery and improve athletic performance .
The objectives of the medical monitoring include:
1. systematic medical monitoring and medical- pedagogical supervision for
athletes and athletes during training and competition ;
2 . health-care provision of training and competition sites , mass participation of
sports events;
3 . prevention and treatment of sports injuries , pathological conditions, diseases
;
4 . consultation in the field of physical culture and sports;
5 . training and guidance offices and medical monitoring work overall network of
medical institutions for physical culture and sports;
6. health education and advocacy among the population , etc.
13.2.2 . Decision situational problems
1. Problem: The girl is 16 years height 163 cm, typical for this growth weight (±
0,4 σ), chest circumference in the pause (+1 σ), spirometry (+1 σ), the right hand
dynamometry (-1σ), dynamometry becomes ( - 1σ).
1. Draw her anthropometric profile
55
2 . Make a conclusion on the physical development of the survey .
Template Answer : Based on the obtained anthropometric profile surveyed
physical development can be assessed as average , harmonious , but there is a
decrease of power indices, which allows us to recommend specific exercises to
strengthen the muscles of the limbs and back.
2 . Problem: Woman 14 years , height 158 cm, weight 70 kg, chest
circumference in the expiratory phase of 106 cm , 35 kg Stanovoy dynamometry ,
hand (right) - 15 kg , -20 kg left .
1. Calculate the index Pine .
2 . Your conclusion about the physical development of the survey .
Template Answer : Pine index calculated by the formula : D-(M + O), where D standing body length in cm, M - weight in kilograms; About - chest circumference in
the expiratory phase , see In this case, a 158 - (70 +106 ) = -24 . The resulting figure
shows a strong constitution , but the survey indicated overweight (BMI 28 kg/m2) ,
which accounts for the high rate of body fortress . In this case, the conclusion about
the physical development in terms of Pine can not be done , it is necessary to count
the other indices.
3 . Problem: The young man 17 years old, standing height of 186 cm, sitting
height 94 cm , body weight 80 kg, VC 3700 ml , the strength of his right hand 75 kg ,
left - 73 kg becomes force - 100 kg.
1. Give the formula and calculate the Quetelet index , Brock - Bruksha .
2 . Give the formula and calculate the indices of life and power .
3 . Draw conclusions about the physical development of the subject by the
method of indices.
Template response :
1. Quetelet index : body weight , g / standing height , cm = 80000/186 = 430 g /
cm
Index - Brock Bruksha : because surveyed 186 cm height , the formula is
calculated as follows growth -110 = 186-110 = 76 kg - due weight
2 . Life index = VC ml / weight kg = 3700/80 = 46 ml / kg
Power indicators : power brush , kg / body weight , kg = 75/80h100 x100 = 93% (
right hand ) , 73/80h100 = 91% ;
Strength force = 100/80h100 = 125%
Conclusion: with high growth and sufficient body weight subject has observed
declines in life and backbone strength index , indicating that the disharmony of
physical development and necessitates correction with regular aerobic exercise.
56
13.2.3 . Graphic Organizer : drafting clusters on a given topic .
Cluster - ( beam bunch ) method mapping information - gathering ideas around a
main factor for determining the meaning and focus of the whole structure .
Stimulates updating knowledge helps freely and openly engage in new associative
thinking process perspective on a topic . Technology develops systems thinking , the
ability to structure , organize information .
Students are divided into small groups of 2-3 people , they are distributed
threads for compiling cluster. To complete the task given to 15-20 minutes, after
which the group presents its cluster.
Subject: "Criteria for assessing the physical development" (Annex 2) .
steps:
1. Acquainted with the rules of drawing cluster.
2 . In the center of the chalkboard or a large sheet of paper written keyword or
topic name of 1 - 2- words.
3 . By association with the keyword credited by his side in the circles smaller "
satellite " - words or sentences that are associated with the topic. Connect them
with lines of "principal" word. These "satellites" may be " small satellites ", etc.
record goes before the expiration of the allotted time or until exhausted ideas.
4 . Exchange clusters for discussion.
Criteria for evaluation of the analytical part :
Maximum
21-18
score
25-22
points
excellent
100%-86%
good
85%-71%
17-14
satisfactory
70-55%
13-9
unsatisfactory
54%-37%
8 points and
below
bad
36% or below
13.3 The practical part
Examination of athletes and sportsmen
- Passport data ;
- Life history ;
- Sports history ;
- Anthropometric data ;
- External examination of the data .
Survey and clearance protocol
57
1.Exacution protocol anamnesis
Data_____________________________ (year, month , day)
1. Overview
Organization Name ____________________________
AMD Sports _________________________________
1. Last name, ____________________________
2 . Date of Birth ____________________________
3 . Paul ____________________________
3 . Home address ____________________________ Telephone_________
4 . Place of work or study________________________________________
2 . life history
1. Occupation ____________________________
2 . Education ____________________________
3 . Terms of life____________________________
4 . Diet____________________________
5 . Drinking alcohol : random , little , many, often , does not use
( underline)
6. Postponed : a) illness____________________________________
b)operations_________________________________________________
c) injures____________________________________________________
7. Hereditary diseases (diseases in the family) ___________________
3 . General sports history
1. At what age began ( a) engage in sports ? What kind of sports ?
______________________________________________________________
2 . The main sport at the moment ( starting date, the time, with a break of more
than 6 months , independently, under the guidance of coach )
_______________________________________________________________
3 . Dynamics of sports qualification
date
discharge
sport
2 . protocol of somatoscopy
position of head______________________________________________
position of shoulder_____________________________________________
Location of scapuls_____________________________________
Form of spine______________________Form of abdomen______________
Spine : lordosis________________ kiphosi__________________
scoliosis_______________ _______________________
Lumbar triangles _______________________________________
Epigastric angle _______ Form chest _________________
58
Form of hand_________________Form of leg____________________
Form feet____________________________________________________
mobility of joints__________________________________________
The development of musculs_______________________________________
Skin: color ______________________ _______________ ,
The
presence
of
pigmentation
,
depigmentation
____________________________
Conclusion According of somatoscopy :
carriage________________________________________________
Type of physique_______________________________________________
Conducting anthropometry .
1. Measurement of growth.
Objective: To teach students how to measure growth ( body length ) of the
subject and the evaluation of results .
Steps for :
№
Events
1
impractic
able number
(0 points)
0
Fully
executed
correctly
5
1 Preparing the venue measuring growth.
2
2 Establishment of the subject at the site 0
stadiometer to touch the upright heels , buttocks ,
interscapular area
3
Establishing the head position so that the line 0
connecting the outer corner of the eye and the
tragus of the ear, is horizontal
20
4
on the rack carefully lower horizontal sliding 0
sleeve with a clipboard to contact with the
head, write the result ( standing height )
Preparation for measurement of growth sitting
10
6
The subject sits on a folding bench , touching 0
the buttocks straps and interscapular region
15
7
To give to head of the subject is the same 0
position as in the measurement of growth
10
5
10
10
59
standing
8
Lower the sliding sleeve until it touches the 0
head
10
9
write the result
10
0
Total
100
2 . Measurement of body weight (body weight )
Objective: To teach students how to measure the mass ( body weight ) of the
subject and the evaluation of results .
Steps for :
№ Events
impractic
Fully
able number executed
(0 points)
correctly
1
Align the scales
0
15
2
Surveyed outerwear without getting on the 0
middle of the weighing plate latch is down
detent
10
3
Raise the gate detent
0
10
4
Move the weight on the bottom plate rocker 0
until Ranges towards rostral projection
10
5
Secure the index lower weights
0
10
6
Move the weight on the top plate to trim
0
10
7
Secure the upper index weights . Lower gate 0
detent
10
8
summarize the performance of the lower and 0
upper weights (as a result of the subject
displayed weight )
10
9
Rate 9 results
0
15
Total
100
60
3 . Measuring the circumference of the chest
Objective: To teach students how to measure the circumference of the chest of
the subject and assessment of results .
Steps for :
№ Events
impracticable Fully
number (0 executed
points)
correctly
1
1 Pathways subject to measurement 0 5
2
2 tape measures impose behind in both sexes 0
at the bottom corners of the blades , the front
men - but lower segment areola , women over the mammary gland at the level IV has
attached ribs to the sternum . 0 20
20
3
3 Measure the chest circumference during 0
pause. 0 15
15
4
4 chest circumference measured at the 0
maximum inspiration. 0 15
15
5
5 chest circumference measured at full 0
exhalation . 0 15
15
6
6 Determine the difference between the 0
values of the circles in the inspiratory and
expiratory phase (degree of mobility of the
chest excursion , pp) . 0 15
15
7
Rate 7 results
15
0 15
0
0
5
100
4 . Measurement of muscle strength ( dynamometry )
Objective: To teach students how to measure the strength of the subject and
assessment of results .
Steps for :
61
№
Events
Fully
impracticable executed
number (0 correctly
points)
1
1 Prepare carpal dynamometer for measuring 0
the compression force ( arrow dynamometer
set to "0" ) 0 5
5
2
2 Surveyed standing right hand grasps the 0
dynamometer dial to the palm , without
voltage reaches out to the side and squeezes
with maximum force , repeated 3 times ,
record the best score 0 15
15
3
3 Surveyed standing left hand grasps the 0
dynamometer dial to the palm , without
voltage reaches out to the side and squeezes
with maximum force , repeated 3 times ,
record the best result. 0 15
15
4
4 preparation becomes a dynamometer to 0
measure ( arrow lead to a " 0") 0 10
10
5
5 The subject becomes the base, bending at
the waist , grip dynamometer must be at knee
level 5
5
5
5 The subject is taken with both hands on the 0
handle of the dynamometer and gradually and
smoothly , without bending his knees , with
the force to failure is rectified . 0 5
5
6
6 Perform measurement 2-3, record the best 0
score 0 20
20
7
Rate 7 results
25
0
Total
100
62
Criteria for assessing the practical part of the lesson .
Evaluation of the practical classes is 40% of rated current control . Maximum of
20 points.
On the subject of " medical control " every practical skill consists of 5-15 steps,
each of which is assessed separately and a total of 100 possible points.
If there are errors in the performance of the individual steps performed
incorrectly or reduced points : if improperly performed from 1 to 4 points , at
default from 5 to 15 points ..
Amount of points by a factor of 0.2 persent.
For example: a student scored 80 points for the implementation of practical skill
, multiply by a factor of 0.2 , will 80h0 , 2 = 16 points.
Criteria for assessing the practical part of the lesson
17-14
13-9
Maximum
21-18
8 points and
score
25-22
below
points
excellent
100%-86%
good
satisfactory
85%-71%
70-55%
unsatisfactory
54%-37%
bad
36% or below
14. Forms of control knowledge , skills and abilities
• oral
• Written
• solving situational problems
• demonstration of skills mastered .
Joint evaluation criteria table theoretical and analytical , practical and selfemployment units
Rating
Excellent Good
Fair
Poor
Unsatisfactory
%
Performance
Theoretical
part
Analytical
part
100%86%
85%-71%
25-22 point 21-18 points
30-26
point
25-21 points
Practical part 40-34 points 33-28 points
70-55%
54%-37%
36% and below
17-14 point
13-9 point
8points and below
20-16point
15-11point
10 points and below
27-22 points
21-15 points
14 points
below
and
63
Independent 5-4,3
point
work
4,2-3,6 point
3,5-2,8 point
2,7-1,9 point 1,8 points
below
and
15. Criteria for evaluation of the current control
№
1.
2.
3.
Progres
s in %
96100%
mark
Level of knowledge of student
excelle Full correct answer to questions about the tasks of sports
nt «5» medicine and medical monitoring for exercise and sports,
athletes survey scheme , physical development, learning
methods , evaluation and correction of physical development
. Summarizes and makes decisions , think creatively ,
independently analyzes . Situational problems are solved
correctly , with a creative approach , with full justification
response.
Actively and creatively involved in interactive games , right
to make informed decisions and summarizes and analyzes .
Actively involved in the development of practical skills and
properly performing.
CDS prepared high quality (abstract, slides , banner, video )
with no less than 10 online sources and literature in recent
years.
91-95%
2 . 91-95 % complete correct answer to questions about the
tasks of sports medicine and medical monitoring for exercise
and sports, athletes survey scheme , physical development,
learning methods , evaluation and correction of physical
development . Summarizes and makes decisions , think
creatively , independently analyzes . Situational problems
are solved correctly , with a creative approach , with full
justification response.
Actively and creatively involved in interactive games ,
right to make informed decisions and summarizes and
analyzes .
Actively involved in the development of practical skills
and properly performing.
CDS prepared high quality (abstract, slides , banner,
video ) with no less than 10 online sources and literature in
recent years.
86-90% Excell
"5" The questions about the tasks of sports medicine and
ent
medical monitoring for exercise and sports, athletes survey
«5»
scheme , physical development, learning methods ,
evaluation and correction of physical development lit
64
4.
5.
6.
enough , but there are 1-2 errors in the response. Applies in
practice , with the matter , said confidently , has fine views.
Situational problems are solved correctly , but the
justification answer sufficiently.
Actively involved in interactive games , correct decisions .
Actively involved in the development of practical skills , but
there are 2-3 mistakes in their implementation .
CDS prepared high quality (abstract, slides , banner, video )
with no less than 10 online sources and literature in recent
years.
81-85% Good The questions about the tasks of sports medicine and medical
«4»
monitoring for exercise and sports, athletes survey scheme ,
physical development, learning methods , evaluation and
correction of physical development is fully covered , but there
are 2-3 inaccuracies, errors . Applies in practice , with the
matter , said confidently , has fine views. Situational problems
are solved correctly , but the justification answer sufficiently.
Inaccuracies in solving situational problems .
Actively involved in interactive games , correct decisions .
Actively involved in the development of practical skills , but
there are 2-3 mistakes in their implementation .
CDS prepared high quality (abstract, slides , banner, video )
with no less than 10 online sources and literature in recent
years.
76-80%
Goo Correct , but incomplete coverage of the issue . Student
d
knows about the problems of sports medicine and medical
monitoring for exercise and sports, athletes survey scheme ,
«4»
physical development (RF ) , learning methods , evaluation
and correction of physical development but fully understands
the methods of assessing risk factors . With the matter , said
confidently , has fine views. Actively involved in interactive
games . Situational problem gives partial solutions .
Actively involved in the development of practical skills , but
there are 3-4 mistakes in their implementation .
CPC prepared good quality (abstract, slides) using at least 5-8
online sources and literature in recent years.
71-75%
Goo
Correct , but incomplete coverage of the issue . Student
d
knows about the problems of sports medicine and medical
«4»
monitoring for exercise and sports, athletes survey scheme ,
physical development, but incomplete lists methods of
examination, evaluation and correction of physical
65
7.
8.
9.
development . With the matter , said confidently , has fine
views. Actively involved in interactive games . Situational
problem gives partial solutions .
Actively involved in the development of practical skills ,
but there are 3-4 mistakes in their implementation .
CPC prepared good quality (abstract, slides) using at least
3-5 online sources and literature in recent years.
66-70% Satisf
on the correct answer half of the questions . Student
actor knows about the problems of sports medicine and medical
y «3» monitoring for exercise and sports, athletes survey scheme ,
physical development, but poorly versed in the methods of
examination, evaluation and correction of physical
development . With the matter , said uncertainly , has
accurate representations only on specific issues theme.
Situational problems are solved correctly , but there is no
justification response. Passive when discussing CDS. Passive
during the development of practical skills , makes mistakes
when they are executed .
61-65%
correct answer half of the questions . Student knows
about the problems of sports medicine and medical
monitoring for exercise and sports, athletes survey scheme ,
physical development, but poorly versed in the methods of
examination, evaluation and correction of physical
development . With the matter , said uncertainly , has
accurate representations only on specific issues theme.
Situational problems are solved correctly , but there is no
justification response.
Passive during the development of practical skills , makes
mistakes when they are executed .
CPC prepared satisfactorily designed (abstract, slides)
using at least 2-3 online sources and literature in recent years.
Passive when discussing CDS.
55-60%
correct answer to 40 % of the questions . Student knows
about the problems of sports medicine and medical
monitoring for exercise and sports, athletes survey scheme ,
physical development, but poorly versed in the methods of
examination, evaluation and correction of physical
development . With the matter , said uncertainly , has
accurate representations only on specific issues theme.
Situational problems are solved correctly , but there is no
justification response.
66
Passive during the development of practical skills , makes
mistakes when they are executed .
CPC prepared satisfactorily designed (abstract, slides)
using at least 2-3 online sources and literature in recent years.
The abstract mistakes , broken logical sequence of topics
subject was not disclosed . Improper design of slides and
posters. Passive when discussing CDS.
10
.
31-54%
dissat
less than 40% coverage of the issues in the wrong
isfacti approach. Student does not know about the problems of
on
sports medicine and medical monitoring for exercise and
«2»
sports, athletes survey scheme , physical development.
Practically versed in the methods of examination, evaluation
and correction of physical development . Homework is not
satisfied.
Passive during the development of practical skills , making
numerous mistakes in their implementation .
CDS performed with numerous errors , using only 1-2
online sources and literature, poorly framed , the student can
not present their work . Passive when discussing CDS.
11 20-30% dissat
"2" is present on the student practical training in the
.
isfacti proper form , there is a workbook . Questions not answers. Do
on
not know about the problems of sports medicine and medical
«2»
monitoring for exercise and sports, athletes survey scheme ,
physical development. Not involved in the development of
practical skills.
Homework is not satisfied. CDS is not prepared . Passive in
class . Violates discipline prevents conduct classes .
16. Quiz Questions
1. What are the object of study sports medicine and medical supervision.
2 . List the medical examinations of athletes and sportsmen.
3 . What are the primary tasks of medical examination of athletes and
sportsmen.
4 . Name the task landmark medical examination of athletes and sportsmen.
5 . Name the problem further medical examination of athletes and sportsmen.
6. What are the current problems ( urgent ) medical examination of athletes and
sportsmen.
7. What criteria addressed the issue of the possibility of the subject engage in
sports ?
67
8. Give the definition of " physical development ".
9. What methods studied physical development ?
10 . List the methods of evaluation of physical development .
11. List the advantages and disadvantages of the indices.
12. List the advantages and disadvantages of the standards.
13. List the advantages and disadvantages of the method of correlation (
regression ) .
14. Explain the method of percentiles for assessment of physical development.
15. Name the body types and their significance for sports selection .
16. What information is included in the history of sports ?
17. At what valuation method is composed of physical development
anthropometric profile ?
18. List the main methods of correction of physical development .
19. What difference between the concepts "constitution" and " body ? "
20. Quetelet index calculation formula .
21. The formula for calculating the index Pine .
22. The formula for calculating the index Erisman .
23. The formula for calculating the index - Brock Bruksha .
24. The formula for calculating life index.
25. The formula for calculating power indices.
17. Recomended literature
Main literatures:
1.Dubrovskiy V.A.Sportivnaya myedisina. 2007y.
2.yepifanov V.A. Apanasyenko R.L M Lyechyebnaya fizkultura i vrachyebnыy
kontrol M.1990
3.yepifanov V.A Lyechyebnaya fizkultura i sportivnaya myedisina. M. 2000 y.
4.Choyovadzye A.V. Kruylыy I.M. Vrachyebnыy kontrol v fizichyeskom
vospitanii i sportye M.1987.
5.Dyembo A.Y, Vrachyebnыy kontrol v sportye. M.: Myedisina, 1988
6.Juravlyova A.I., Yrayevskaya N.D. Sportivnaya myedisina i lyechyebnaya
fizichyeskaya kultura. Rukovodstvo M., 1993
7.Lyeksionnыye matyerialы i uchyebno-myetodichyeskiye razrabotki.
Adittional :
1.Aulik I.V. Opryedyelyeniye fizichyeskoy rabotosposobnosti v klinikye i sportye.
M.1990 y.
2.Karpman V.L Sportivnaya myedisina. M. 1987 y.
3.Karpman V.L. Syerdsye i sport. M. 1990 y.
4.Dyembo A.Y., Zyemsovskiy E.V. Sportivnaya kardioloyiya. M.1989 y.
5.Rixsiyeva O.A. Massaj T., 1996
6.yerыshyev O.F. Jizn byez narkotikov. S:P. Izdatyelstvo «Pionyer», Moskva
Astryel, 2001
68
7.Sportivnaya myedisina Pod ryed. A.V.Choyovadzye M.,Moskva, 1984
8.Vinoyradov P.A., Dushanin A.P., Joldak V.I. Osnovы fizichyeskoy kulturы i
zdorovыy obraz jizni Moskva, 1996
9.Volojin A.I., Subbotin Yu.K., Chikin S.Ya. Put k zdorovyu Moskva, 1987
10.Kukolyevskiy Y.M. Vrachyebnoye nablyudyeniya za sportsmyenami M., 1975
11.Myedisinskiye osnovы fizichyeskoyo vospitaniya i formirovaniya zdorovya i
yarmonichnoyo razvitiya dyetyey i podrostkov» prof. Nazirov F.Y. prof.
Axmyedova D.M. prof. Suyumov F.A. dos. Vasilyev V.D, prof. Shayxova Y.I.
Tashkyent, 2003.
Foreign literature:
1. Consuelo T Lorenzo et al. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Medscape
Reference 2011 – WebMD
2. Marlis Gonzalez-Fernandez, MD, PhD, Jarrod David Friedman, MDPhysical
Medicine and Rehabilitation Pocket Companion
3. Mark Harrast, MD, Jonathan Finnoff, DOSports MedicineStudy Guide and
Review for Boards
4. Sara J. Cuccurullo (Editor)Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Board Review
2004 - Demos Medical Publishing, 848 pp.
5. Teylor S.B., Miller N.H. “Basic physiologic principils relatied to Group exirsise
programs” Filadelphiya 1990
6. Tehaxton L. “Phithiological and psythological effects of short term
exirsiseeddiction on habitual runners.” 1992 96.
7. Wainapel, Stanley F.; Fast, Avital (Editors)Alternative Medicine and
RehabilitationA Guide for Practitioners2003 - Demos Medical Publishing.
www.doktor.ru
www. medinfo. home.ml.org
http://www.restart-med.ru
http://www.mirmed.ru
http://micropolarization.narod.ru
http://skolioz.mccinet.ru
http://www.sportpsy.cz
www. aapmr.org
www.alhealth.com
www.docguide.com
www.healthweb.com
www.acsm.org
www.apta.org
www.sportsmed.org
www.jphysiol.org
www.physsportmed.com
www.sportsmedicine.com
69
ANNEX
Quizs to monitor the level of knowledge on the lesson number 1
1. To determine the functional state of the autonomic nervous system can
calculate the indices :
1.indeks Pirke
2 . Pine index
3 . index Ruffo
4.indeks Kerdo (cardio ) +
5.indeks Erisman
2 . What forms back distinguish ?
1.straight
2 . kgphotic
3 . round +
4.lordoticheskaya
5.skolioticheskaya
3 . The main criteria for the physical development does not apply
A. body length
B. weight
C. foot length *
D. VCL
E. chest circumference
4 . Proper values of life index in men
A. not less than 65-70 ml / kg *
B. not less than 50-65 ml / kg
C. not less than 75-80 ml / kg
D. not less than 70-75 ml / kg
E. not less than 80-85 ml / kg
5 . The method determines kaliperometrii
A. bone mass
B. muscle
C. fat mass *
D. musculoskeletal component
E. amplitude joint
6. Indicate the type of medical examination for distribution in the sports section
70
A. landmark
B. secondary
C. primary *
D. current
E. in-depth
7. Specify the group contingent subject to a thorough medical examination
A. students of secondary schools
B. children attending kindergarten
C. Honored Master of Sports , master of sports , candidates for master of sports*
D. students of universities
E. sports veterans
8. An index that characterizes the ratio of weight and height :
A. Erisman
B. Pine
C. Quetelet *
D. life index
E. Pirke
9. For round - concave back is characterized by:
A. increase in breast kgphosis and lumbar lordosis absence
B. chest kgphosis increase and decrease in lumbar lordosis
C. increase in breast kgphosis and lumbar lordosis *
D. decrease chest kgphosis and lumbar lordosis
E. scoliosis cervicothoracic
10 . Index for measuring body fortress :
A. Pirke
B. Erisman
C. Pine *
D. Quetelet
E. vital
11. Medical examination of the athletes performed
A. in the clinic
B. hospital
C. in medical - sports clinic *
D. the sports complex
E. in institutions
71
12. Medical examination of athletes and sportsmen happens , delete the wrong
answer
A. urgent
B. landmark
C. re *
D. additional
E. primary
13. The purpose of the primary survey
A. access to physical education and sports, sports selection , definition
med.grupp *
B. measurement of health after illness and injury
C. eligible to compete
D. detection efficiency effects of physical exercise on health
E. treatment of injuries athletes
14. Anthropometry determines
A. morphological parameters *
B. biological age
C. somatotype
D. physical fitness
E. state of fitness
15. Specify the correct assessment of physical development
A. good
B. satisfactory
C. harmonious *
D. reduced
E. poor
16. Name the task of medical control :
A. setting standards TRP
B. Writing systems of physiotherapy
C. definition of physical development , health and functional status of the body *
D. conducting classes in a special group
E. organizational and methodological guidance
17. What are the normal form of the chest
A. barrel
B. flat - rachitic
C. cylindrical *
72
D. cone *
18. Name the pathological form of the thorax.
A. emphysematous *
B. flat - rachitic *
C. cylindrical
D. conical
19. When of somatoscopy determine:
A. body type *
B. the shape of the chest *
C. the functional state of the respiratory system
D. the diameters of the body parts
20. Anthropometric indices :
A. morphological *
B. functionality *
C. range of motion of joints
D. form of thorax
21. Morphological anthropometric indices :
A. body length *
B. parts of the body circumference *
C. weight
D. VC
22. Functional anthropometric measures :
A. body weight *
B. Stanovoy power *
C. growth
D. the diameters of the body parts
23. Methods for assessing physical development :
A. the method of indices *
B. method standards *
C. regression method *
D. coefficient method
E. method percent
F. method of progression
24. In assessing the physical development indices used by the formula :
A. Quetelet index *
73
B. Broca index - Brugsch *
C. index Pine *
D. Kerdo index infarction
E. Martin index
F. Valsalva index
25. Specify contraindications to determine postural muscle strength
pregnancy *
A. high myopia *
B. hernia *
C. average physical development
D. excess body weight
E. flatfoot
26. Medical examination carried athletes to choose the wrong answer:
A) in the clinic *
B) in a hospital *
C) in medical - sports clinic
D) in the office of the VC
E) in the resort *
F) in public health - care facilities
27. Medical examination of athletes happens , delete the wrong answer :
A) secondary *
B) primary
C) the previous *
D) depth *
E) reF) additional
28. Name the task of medical control :
A) preparation of complexes of physiotherapy
B) determining the physical development *
C) to determine the state of health *
D) determination of the functional state of the body *
E) conducting classes in a special group
F) organizational and methodological guidance
29. List the types of constitution :
A. normostenik *
B. astenik *
74
C. hypersthenic *
D. sanguine person
E. melancholiac
F. phlegmatic person
30. For asthenic type constitution characteristic signs :
A. characterized by its narrow body shapes , hands, feet *
B. acute epigastric angle *
C. weak development of fat and muscle components *
D. good development of muscle and bone components
E. moderate content of fatty component
F. broad shoulders and pelvis
ANNEX 2
Quiz preparation on the cluster :
" Criteria for evaluation of physical development "
75
MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
TASHKENT MEDICAL ACADEMY
"APPROVED"
Vice Rector by Academic
Affairs
Prof.TeshaevO.R_________
__"________"
________2014y .
Department of Folk Medicine , Rehabilitation and physical culture
Subject: Medical control
TECHNOLOGY TRAINING
on practical training
Related :
FUNCTIONAL STATUS . FUNCTIONAL QUIZ FOR EVALUATION OF THE
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ( QUIZ post, Genchi , Serkin , Rosenthal ) , autonomic
nervous system ( orthostatic , clinoorthostatic QUIZ ) CARDIOVASCULAR
SYSTEM ( QUIZ Martin, Letunova ) . Influence of physical activities on human
body.
Guidelines for teachers and students of the 4th year medical and medicalpedagogical faculties
Tashkent. 2014
76
Compilers : Associate Professor , Ph.D. Adilov Sh.K.
Senior Lecturer Sharipov U.A..
Technology training approved :
at a meeting of the department number ______ of __________ 2014
Education technology discussed and approved at a meeting of the therapeutic
section CMK Tashkent Medical Academy ____ number of ________ 2014
Chairman prof. MD Karimov M.SH.______________________________
77
Universal model of learning technologies in the classroom
Topic number 2 : Functional status . Functional quizs for evaluating respiratory
system, autonomic nervous system , cardiovascular system. Effect of physical
activity on the human body .
Study time: 6:00
Study time: 6:00
II. The main part :
Structure
of
the 1. theoretical
training
session 2 . analytical
prodrome
3 . practical
4 . independent work of students
III. Final (resultant ) part
The purpose of the training session : to consolidate and deepen the knowledge
of the functional status of a person , the impact of physical activity on the
body, develop the skill of functional quizs , teach an opinion on the functional
status of various organs and systems involved in sports activities.
Pedagogical objectives:
• Fix a general idea about the
functional state of the organism and its
individual systems;
• organize knowledge about the kinds
of functional quizs and to conduct
them;
• consolidate and extend the
knowledge about the impact of
physical activity on the human body ;
• analyze techniques functional quizs ;
• To develop skills of functional quizs
and
completing
the
relevant
documentation;
• learn to assess the functional status
of athletes and sportsmen ;
• develop skills in organizing,
comparing , summarizing , and
analyzing information ;
• develop communication skills.
Learning Methods
Learning outcomes :
The student must :
• give an idea of the functional state
of the organism;
• to classify functional quizs used in
medical control ;
• talk about the impact of physical
activity on the human body ;
• list respiratory quizs ;
• list vegetative quizs ;
• list the types of hemodynamic
response to exercise ;
• to give an opinion on the functional
state of the organism on the basis of
these quizs.
The student should be able to:
perform practical skills : conduct
functional quizs , complete medical
checklist - athletes and sportsmen .
Discussion
,
conversation
,
technology : Graphic Organizer categorical table " Functional quizs " ,
the conceptual table "Types of
78
hemodynamic response to exercise .
Forms of organization of learning Individual work , group work, team .
activities
Learning Tools
Training manuals, training materials ,
a set of measuring instruments
(stopwatch , spirometer , tonometer
with phonendoscope ) , slides ,
markers, sheets of A3 , A4.
Ways and means of feedback
Quiz , quizing, presentation of the
results
of
solving
situational
problems
,
drawing
graphic
organizers, evaluation of the
development of practical skills.
Typical flow chart of lesson
Stages of work
, time 6 h
activity
stage 1
Introduction to
the
training
session
25 min
Content
Teacher
1 . Tells subject , purpose and planned
learning outcomes . Familiar with the plan
and features of the training session .
2 . Describes key categories and concepts
on this topic.
3 . Reported indicators and evaluation
criteria of academic work in class.
Stage 2
The practical part
4 hours
(1 hr ) 1. Conducts a quiz to identify the
main:
source of students' knowledge on the
The theoretical topic:
part ( 2:00 )
• The concept of sports medicine , medical
monitoring tasks .
• Basic medical examinations of athletes
and sportsmen (primary , landmark ,
additional , urgent ) .
Analytical part • The concept of physical development
( 2:00 )
and the importance of it for sports
selection .
• Somatoscopy .
• Anthropometry .
2 . Students are encouraged to discuss the
Student
Listen, write ,
update , ask
questions.
Answer
questions .
79
problem of sports medicine and medical
monitoring method of " brainstorming ."
3 . Explains the concept of " physical
development ", parses the evaluation
criteria of physical development (data
external examination and anthropometry )
4 . Make offers graphic organizer - a cluster
on " Evaluation Criteria of physical
development ."
5 . Demonstrates techniques of of
somatoscopy and anthropometry .
6. Organize the implementation of
students' practical skills.
7. Divides the students into groups.
Reminiscent of rules and regulations in a
group discussion.
8. Gives the task :
• Solve the proposed situational problem .
Conduct and discuss the results of
individual work in mini-groups ;
• Prepare for a presentation.
1. 9. Coordinates , advises, directs the
learning activities . Examines and
evaluates the results of individual
work : filling medical and checklists ,
structure -tion anthropometric
profile and conclusions about the
physical development .
stage 3
1 . An opinion on the subject, focusing
A Final -result - students on the main reports on the
ing
importance of the work done for future
20 min
professional careers .
2 . Commends the work of groups and
individual students , summarizes grade .
Analyzes and assesses the degree of
achievement of lesson .
Gives the task to prepare for the next
lesson .
Participate
in
discussions , ask
questions,
outline , specify.
Perform
the
learning task .
Following the
teacher perform
practical skills.
Divided
into
groups.
Perform
the
learning task .
Present
the
results
of
individual and
group work .
Listen.
Conduct
selfesteem, grade .
Ask questions.
Opine .
Recorded
assignment.
80
Topic number 2 : Functional status . Functional quizs for evaluating respiratory
system, autonomic nervous system , cardiovascular system. Effect of physical
activity on the human body .
1. Venue classes : Department of Medical Rehabilitation third TMA Clinic , a
physiotherapy clinic 1st TMA .
2 . Duration of study themes : the number of hours - 6.
3 . Session Purpose : to consolidate and deepen the knowledge of the
functional status of a person , the impact of physical activity on the body,
develop the skill of functional quizs , teach an opinion on the functional status
of various organs and systems involved in sports activities.
4 . Pedagogical objectives:
fix a general idea about the functional state of the organism and its individual
systems;
• organize knowledge about the kinds of functional quizs and to conduct them;
• consolidate and extend the knowledge about the impact of physical activity on
the human body ;
• analyze techniques functional quizs ;
• To develop skills of functional quizs and completing the relevant
documentation;
• learn to assess the functional status of athletes and sportsmen ;
• develop skills in organizing, comparing , summarizing , and analyzing
information ;
• develop communication skills.
5 . Learning outcomes
The student must :
• give an idea of the functional state of the organism;
• to give a classification of functional quizs used in medical control ;
• talk about the impact of physical activity on the human body ;
• list respiratory quizs ;
• list vegetative quizs ;
• list the types of hemodynamic response to exercise ;
• to give an opinion on the functional state of the organism on the basis of these
quizs.
The student should be able to:
• perform practical skills : conduct functional quizs , complete medical checklist athletes and sportsmen .
6. Methods and techniques of teaching
Method discussion ; machinery: Graphic Organizer - cluster.
7. learning Tools
Manuals, training materials, spirometer , tonometer , stethoscope , stopwatch,
ergometer , slides , markers, banners, sheets of A3 , A4.
81
8. forms of learning
Individual work , group work , team .
9. conditions of Learning
Audience ratings conditions for working in groups.
10 . Monitoring and evaluation
Interpreting control : control issues , perform educational tasks in groups ,
performing skills .
Written control : control questions , the quiz solution and situational problems .
11. Motivation
Features of modern life , on the one hand, is characterized by the lack of
adequate muscular load for optimum performance ( no improvement ) systems
and organs , and on the other - the use of large volume and intensity of physical
activity (professional sports) . In connection with this medical practice before it
became necessary to study these relationships between the body and the
physical work that led to the creation of a special science - Sports Medicine .
Sports Medicine - a branch of medical science and practice, study the positive and
negative effects of different levels of physical activity on health and physical
condition, as well as the means and methods of influencing processes
postnagruzochnogo recovery and improve efficiency . Goals and objectives of
sports medicine , as well as means to achieve them are largely consonant c
physiotherapy . For example, the primary means of improving functional reserves
, prevention and health promotion athlete , a disabled patient is exercising. Their
use in sporting activities and in the process of rehabilitation is based on general
principles of teaching the theory and practice of physical education - training
dosage . Thus , we can talk more about the proximity of these disciplines than the
difference .
Medical control is the main section of Sports Medicine . Its task is constant
selection, medical examination and monitoring of persons engaged in physical
culture and sports .
12. Intra and Interdisciplinary communication
Teaching the topic is based on the knowledge students the basics of normal
anatomy and physiology, pathophysiology , propaedeutics internal medicine,
biostatistics (vertical integration ) . Also knowledge of the topic integrated with
therapy , hygiene of children and adolescents , physical therapy and traumatology
( horizontal integration) .
13. content classes
13.1. The theoretical part
FUNCTIONAL STATUS
The assessment of the functional state is the study of changes in the functions
and / or structures of certain organs or body systems under the influence of
various disturbances , which by their nature can be very different .
82
In sports medicine, functional quizs are used for pre-emptive research:
• the cardiovascular system;
• external respiratory system ;
• autonomic nervous system ;
• vestibular analyzer ;
• overall physical performance ;
• energy potentials of the body.
In clinical practice, functional loads are applied to identify the underlying
pathology , as well as assessing the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs.
Depending on the nature of competitive activity athlete leading functional
systems are :
1. When cycling maximum power - the central nervous system , neuromuscular
apparatus .
2 . When cycling and high submaximal power - systems responsible for
maintaining the homeostasis of the cardiorespiratory system , central nervous
system , neuromuscular apparatus .
3 . When cycling moderate power - cardiorespiratory system , the endocrine
system , the central nervous system .
4 . When acyclic exercises of various kinds - the central nervous system , neuromuscular system , the sensory system .
Value of functional quizs , quizs in professional activity is multifaceted. In sports
practice, they will evaluate the functionality and features of adaptation reserves
of various systems athlete. All this is the basis for the implementation of technical
skills and tactical plans , the successful performance of an athlete in competition.
In clinical practice physicians functional quizs are used to detect latent diseases of
the body, effectiveness of rehabilitation programs , determining the degree of
disability , etc.
Functional quizs , quizs. It's a different kind of disturbances . They can act as a
physical activity, and other means of manipulation ( breath holding at inspiration
or expiration, a change in body position , straining , drugs , food additives, cold
exposure , electrical aquiz air mixtures with different content of oxygen, carbon
dioxide , etc. ) .
Exercise quiz . It can be one, two - and trehmomentnoy . An example of a singlestage exercise quiz is a quiz with twenty squats , which reveals the body's reaction
to this load . If you run a load with 20 squats twice, with an interval of time
between them in three minutes - the quiz will dvuhmomentnoy . Her ability to
assess the functional state of the wider after the second load can judge the
organism adaptation systems that load . To trehmomentnoy ( combined ) quiz
relates Letunova quiz . It consists of 20 sit-ups , 15 -second run at the maximum
rate and a 3- minute run at a pace of 180 steps per minute .
83
Quizs with quantitative dose . Quiz Shephard , Harvard step quiz, quiz Novakki ,
quiz physical performance (PWC170), determination of the maximum oxygen
consumption (MIC ) quizs with isometric exercise , etc.
Specific quiz. In these quizs the character perform load simulates activities athlete
, corresponding to a particular sport. Shadowboxing for the boxer . Rolls stuffed
for a fighter . Doing basketball with throws in the ring for basketball. Work on the
cycle ergometer , rowing machine , respectively, for the cyclist and rower .
Quizs without physical exertion . Latency exhalations (quiz Stange ) or exhalation
(quiz Genchi ) . Rosenthal quiz , Romberg ortoklinostaticheskie . Quizs with
inhalation of air containing various amounts of oxygen, carbon dioxide . Quizs
with nutritional supplements and pharmacological agents . Assay with aquiz
electrostimulation etc.
respiratory quizs
Quiz Stange - maximum delay exhalations . Studied in the sitting position after 2-3
deep breaths holding his breath . Stopwatch recorded Breath . In a healthy
person, it is not less than 50-60 s athletes - a few minutes ( 2-3).
Quiz Genchi - duration breath you exhale . In the sitting position after a normal
(not maximum ) holds his breath exhalation analyzed . Fixed delay time with a
stopwatch ; healthy it is 25-30 seconds. By reducing the resistance to hypoxia and
low O2 concentration in the blood, breath duration of inspiration and expiration
decreases.
Rosenthal quiz - a fivefold VC dimension with 15 -second intervals . In healthy
people, is then determined by the same or even decreasing figures VC. In cases of
respiratory system or the circulatory system , as well as athletes with fatigue ,
overexertion or overtraining results of repeated measurements of vital capacity
reduced. For athletes it depends on respiratory muscle fatigue and reduce the
functional state of the nervous system.
Combined AF quiz Serkin . Is performed in three phases. Phase 1 : Defines the
time during which the subject can hold his breath for the inspiratory phase in the
sitting position , 2 nd phase is determined by the delay time dyhaniyana
inspiratory phase directly after twenty squats performed for 30 seconds , the
third phase through minute repeated 1st phase .
Rating quiz Serkin
Contingent
surveyed
Healthy, trained
Phase
1st
45-60
Healthy, untrained 35-45
With
hidden 20-35
2nd
Over 50% of the
1st phase
with 30-50% of the
1st phase
less than 30% of
3rd
more than 100 %
of phase 1
70-100 % of
phase 1
least 70% of
84
circulatory
insufficiency
Phase 1
phase 1
Vegetative quizs
Orthostatic quiz . It is noteworthy to assess autonomic status , functional status
VNS . Its holding in its simplest form is to record heart rate in the supine position
for 1 minute and standing once for 10 seconds . Assesses the degree of
excitability of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system . Normal
activity is characterized by an increase in the sympathetic division of the pulse at
12-24 beats / min. However , for an athlete is quiz value lies not so much in the
assessment of autonomic status during orthostatic quiz , and how to register the
dynamics of changes in these quantities . To this end, orthostatic quiz carried out
daily , in the morning , after a night's sleep . With proper construction of the
training process the difference in the pulse lying - standing , recorded in the daily
conduct of orthostatic decreases. This increase , compared with the previous
value indicates a mismatch between training loads as an athlete , or failure
recovery processes , or overstrain of the nervous system . In any case, you should
take appropriate measures .
Another important detail that should be taken into account during the orthostatic
quiz . Reducing differences in heart rate during exercise is an individual limit. For
athletes , endurance athletes , the maximum reduction rate during the orthostatic
quiz may reach 5-6 strokes.
Clinostaticquiz. Pulse is recorded in the standing and lying down. We study the
parasympathetic autonomic nervous system excitability . It is characterized by a
decrease in heart rate compared with lying pulse beats standing at 6-12 .
To assess autonomic status , especially in neurological practice indicators used
vegetation index Kerdo infarction ( VI ) . It is defined as follows. RV = ( 1 - ADD /
HR) x 100, where ADD , diastolic blood pressure .
VI values within
influences. VI values from 16 to 30 characterized sympathic and > 30 - expressed
sympathic . On parasimpatikotoniyu VI indicates the level from -16 to - 30, the
expressed parasimpatikotoniyu - below - 30.
Quizs for assessment of the functional state of the cardiovascular system
Quiz Martinet Kushelevskg ( 20 squats ) . Types of cardio - vascular system to the
load.
Despite more than 70 years ago the existence of a quiz , it has not lost its
significance due to its simplicity of , the ability to identify individuals predisposed
to hyper-or hypotensive reactions, the regulatory mechanisms and other
functional abnormalities in the study .
Procedure for registration of CAS indicators before and after the 20 sit-ups is
presented in Table 4 .
85
HR in the state of relative rest for 10 seconds fixed time intervals to obtain three
identical or with a difference in 1 hit two pairs of identical indicators. Blood
pressure is measured twice.
After doing 20 squats at a moderate pace for 30 seconds , 10 seconds, the first
minute of recovery, calculated heart rate. After that blood pressure is measured .
After the recording of blood pressure in the remaining time of the first minute
registration, again recorded heart rate. On the second and subsequent short
recovery period registration HR and BP in a similar way as in the first minute of
the period of restitution. Recording of the cardiovascular system continues to
restore them to the original values , but not more than 5 min recovery period.
After the end of the registration data type is determined hemodynamic response
to SSS performed load.
Types of Cardiovascular responses to physical stress system . Depending on
changes in heart rate, blood pressure systolic , diastolic, pulse , and recovery time
, there are 5 types of cardio -vascular system to exercise .
Normotonic type . Characterized by unidirectional, coexisting and adequate
intensity and duration of the work performed by changes in the direction of
increasing heart rate and PD ( pulse pressure ) . Blood supply of the active muscle
occurs due to increase in cardiac output (which indirectly indicates PD) , and heart
rate. The percentage increase in these parameters is between 20 and 60 %.
Coefficient endurance dormant at normotonic type should not vary more than 3-5
units of EF1 , registered in the first minute recovery period. Recovery time is 2-3
CVD indicators min.
TABLE 4 . Recording scheme CAS indicators before and after the quiz with 20
squats .
min
sec
10
20
30
40
50
60
P
1
2
3
4
5
18
15
12
15
13
12
148
129
118
75
70
72
HR ( first option) 12,12,12 ; heart rate ( the second version of the recording )
12,13.12,13 , BP 122/74 , 119/72 mmHg
The main criteria for evaluating types of reaction :
% Increase in heart rate during the first 10 sec recovery period = 50%
% Increase in systolic blood pressure = 29 %
86
% Increase in diastolic BP = 0%
% Increase in pulse pressure = 55 %
Recovery time indicators CVD - 3 min. Dynamics of financial pressure and heart
rate is calculated only for the first minute recovery period.
Additional criterion for assessing the type of reaction .
Endurance factor ( A.A.Kvas , 1960). Determined by the formula in which three
hemodynamic parameters merged into one.
Endurance factor HF ( cond units ) = (HR : PD )
With the increase in HF decreases the efficiency of the CVD .
HF Shore- ip = 15.3 ; EF1 = 14.8 . Respectively ( HF ip ) for the state of relative rest
and ( KV1 ) for the first minute of recovery. Heart rate to determine the HF
calculated for the first 10 minutes of the first recovery and translated for 1
minute.
Asthenic type . In this type of reaction increases sharply CVD heart rate is 100
percent or more. Pulse pressure increases by less than 20 %. Thus , the device CAS
for muscular work carried out mainly by heart rate. Endurance ratio ( KV1 ) ,
compared to the quiescent increases by more than 9 items . Recovery time
exceeds 5 minutes.
Dystonic type is characterized by the fact that after you have made physical work
auscultatory tone that defines the diastolic blood pressure does not go away ,
there is the so-called " infinite tone phenomenon ." There are two variants of
dystonic reaction type . Physiological appears after dynamic work large muscle
groups submaximal and maximal power , and does not depend on the functional
state of health of the subject . Duration physiological dystonic type 1-2 min. The
second option dystonic type - pathological . Dystonic tone persists for more than
2 minutes , then gradually begins to register a minimum of BP. To completely
restore the minimum AD requires more than 4 minutes . Appears when the
dynamic work , those with the presence of chronic infection , overvoltage
condition of the body.
Step type . Most often, this type occurs in response to fast load , for example, 15
seconds running at maximum pace. Suggest that his appearance is associated
with a disorder of mechanisms responsible for the redistribution of blood flow
during physical work and is an early sign of overvoltage condition of the body. A
distinctive feature of it from other types - increase in systolic blood pressure
second , and sometimes third minute recovery period longer than the first minute
Hypertensive type . Depending on the component that contributes to
hypertension, isolated cardiac , vascular and mixed type of hypertension.
Hypertensive type on cardiac component is primarily manifested in the high
figures of systolic blood pressure , which increased by 60 % or more from baseline
values. A load of 20 squats systolic blood pressure greater than 160 mmHg Often
combined with hyperkinetic circulation. Observed in boys ( juvenile type of
87
hypertension ) in persons carried about athletic gymnastics , bodybuilding ,
weightlifting without complying with the appropriate training methods and
medical supervision. Other types of reactions CVD criteria (minimum pressure,
heart rate ), except for the recovery time can be within the parameters
normotonicheskogo type reaction.
Hypertensive type on vascular component characterized by an increase of the
minimum blood pressure above 90 mm Hg. Art. In middle- aged and elderly ,
possibly due to organic changes in the peripheral blood vessels (atherosclerosis ) .
Athletes hypertensive type on vascular component may be due to increased
activity of the sympathetic nervous system, adrenergic sensitivity to
catecholamines , and other reasons.
Hypertensive type to mix the ingredients . In this type has been a sharp increase
in the maximum and minimum blood pressure, a load of 20 sit-ups , these figures
are higher than 160 and 90 mmHg Athletes observed in chronic surge violations of
the training , etc.
Combined quiz Letunova based on the definition of adaptability to different CAS
intensity and duration physical activities . The quiz involves three load .
1) 20 sit-ups in 30 seconds, 2) 15-second running on the spot in the maximum
rate (thigh rises to a horizontal position ), 3 ) running in place for 3 minutes at a
pace of 180 steps per minute ( for adolescents and women up to 18 years - 2minute run , thigh lift up to 75 º).
The first load is like a workout to the next. The second reveals the ability to
rapidly enhance circulation. Third load reveals the body's ability to maintain
stable increased blood circulation at a high level for a relatively long time.
Combined quiz is conducted as follows : after counting pulse in a sitting position
on a 10-second intervals and determining blood pressure makes the examinee 20
deep knee bends in 30 seconds . In the first 10 seconds after the load pulse count
the number of beats , and then within 40 seconds the blood pressure. Starting
from the 50th second, again to feel the pulse of a 10-second intervals , and
bringing it back to normal ( but not earlier than 2 min after the load) will be
measured again pressure . Then, the 2nd part of the quiz - running in place for 15
seconds at the most rapid pace. Thereafter, over 4 min , and said measured blood
pressure pulse ( at the beginning and end of each 10 minutes for a said pulse in
the pulse count between measured blood pressure). It continues by third part of
the quiz - running on the spot at a pace of 180 steps per minute ( on the
metronome ) . Upon termination of the pulse is determined in races and BP for 5
minutes in the same manner as after a 15-second run. All data is stored .
88
Fill pattern protocol combined quiz Letunova
Pulse until load 15.14,15 beats BP until load 100/60 mmHg
for 10 seconds
Time
20 squat
15-second run
3 - minute run
Pulse after exercise
10
20
30
40
50
60
20
17
17
16
15
15
15
22
21
20
18
17
16
15
15
15
-
26
24
23
23
19
17
17
16
16
15
16
15
15
15
115
100
160
145
130
115
105
Blood pressure after exercise
125
100
140
130
Effect of physical activity on the human body . Features functional status of
persons regularly engaged in physical culture and sports .
Systematic influence adequate physical exercise on the human body leads
to structural and functional restructuring , characterized by the appearance of a
number of psychological and physiological effects. Among them, the formation of
certain personal qualities that depend on the functioning of the central nervous
system ; economization physiological function at rest and during dose effects ,
expanding physiological reserves , slowing the aging process , etc.
Increasing strength of neural processes in the process of systematic physical
exercises , their balance and mobility give individual athlete such characteristics.
As activity , commitment, ability to quickly mobilize and move freely from one
activity to another , high performance , etc.
Economization of physiological functions. One of the most striking manifestations
of functional changes in the body is an athlete economization of physiological
functions , which is celebrated both at rest and during dose effects of various
kinds. This effect is bradycardia (40-50 beats / min) , the physiological tendency to
hypotension , elongation phase of diastole and systole , bradypnea , a distinct
tendency to decrease in the concentration of certain hormones in the blood , and
others a role in the effect of economization plays high conjugation
neurohormonal mechanisms of regulation .
Expanding reserves physiological functions. A clear manifestation of the
morphological and functional changes in the body under the influence of
systematic physical exercise is an extension of physiological reserves . We
physically trained increased compared with untrained persons VC ,
arteriovenous oxygen difference , stroke volume , etc. Vividly these differences
manifest themselves in the study of performance at an altitude exercise.
Slowing the aging process . High functional ability neurohormonal mechanisms
of regulation , expansion of reserves physiological functions underlie slowing age
89
involutive processes in a systematic, adequate working as physical exercise. At
the same processes are stimulated vitaukta - adaptive mechanisms , actively
opposing involutive processes.
Increase body resistance to pathogenic influences . Maintaining a high aerobic
capacity provided cardiorespiratory , endocrine and other systems , high energy
consumption and training concerning the mechanisms of thermoregulation ,
maintaining proper body weight and level of resistance to the formation of
endogenous risk factors for diseases , improvement of the immune system in the
process of systematic physical training - all it creates a state of heightened
resistance to pathogenic influences : hypo-and hyperthermia , hypoxia ,
hemorrhage , intoxication varying nature of ionizing radiation , colds , etc. It is this
effect of exercise should take into account the doctor in planning and conducting
preventive work with the population.
Questions for Knowledge Control :
1. For what purpose are carried out functional quizs in the clinic and sports?
2 . What types of functional quizs , you know?
3 . What quizs are conducted without physical exertion ?
4 . What quizs are carried out with physical activity ?
5 . What quizs are used to determine the functional state of the respiratory
system ?
6. What quizs are used to determine the functional state of the autonomic
nervous system ?
7. What quizs are used to determine the functional state seredechno circulatory
system ?
8. What form of exercise used in the quiz Serkin ?
9. What form of exercise used in the quiz of Martin ?
10 . What types of physical activity are used in the quiz Letunova ?
11. Whichever is analyzed in the quiz Rosenthal ?
12. What indicators are analyzed during orthostatic and clinoorthostatic quizs?
13. What indicators are analyzed in the quiz Martin ?
14. What kinds of reactions to exercise hemodynamics you know ?
15. What is the impact systematic physical exercise on the human body ?
16. What changes to the respiratory system characterized by athletes?
17. What changes are characteristic of the autonomic system athletes?
18. What changes are characteristic of the cardiovascular system of athletes ?
To assess the level of assimilation of the theoretical material is also used quiz
questions (see Appendix 1 ).
90
Maximum
score
25-22
points
excellent
100%-86%
Criteria for evaluating the theoretical part
17-14
13-9
21-18
good
85%-71%
satisfactory
70-55%
unsatisfactory
54%-37%
8 points and
below
bad
36% or below
13.2. The analytical part of
13.2.1 . Using the method of discussion
Discussion - The process of students and teacher discuss a specific topic . It
allows us to consider various options to get feedback , to unite members of the
working team , learn different and critical perspective on the project or proposal
to define the purpose and appropriate methods of its implementation , identify
any missing resources .
Students are encouraged to discuss the method of discussion, " Positive and
negative effect of different levels of physical activity on health and physical
condition of athletes and sportsmen ."
Issues for discussion :
1. Are there any differences in terms of " physical education " and "sport" ?
2 . What is the level of stress physical culture and sports ?
3 . What is the positive effect of physical activity on the body?
4 . What is the negative impact of physical activity on the body, in which cases , in
your opinion , it can be shown?
13.2.2 . Decision situational problems
1. Objective: The young man of 17 years, to load the initial blood pressure was
110/70 mm Hg , pulse 84 beats per minute. After the quiz Martine on the 1st
minute , systolic blood pressure was 125 mm Hg for 2 minutes to 130 mm Hg for 3
minutes, 140 mm Hg
1. What type of reaction to physical exercise hemodynamics in this case?
2 . Calculate the index Kerdo infarction , draw a conclusion about the state of the
autonomic NS subject .
Standard response: 1 ) on the basis of increase in systolic blood pressure by 2 and
3 minutes after dosed physical load can be concluded stepped type of reaction
hemodynamic load ;
2) Cardio - index Kerdo calculated by the formula : ( 1-DAD/ChSSpokoya ) x100 ,
into the formula available data subject , we
( 1-70/84 ) x100 = 17 , it means that the subject has sympathicotony .
91
2 . Problem: The girl is 22 years old, to load baseline blood pressure was 100/70
mm Hg , pulse 78 beats per minute. After the quiz Martine on the 1st minute
blood pressure was 135/75 mm Hg , pulse 120 ul / min for 2 minutes, reached
120/70 mm Hg , pulse 96 beats / min at 3 minutes into the 110/70 mm Hg , pulse
84 beats / min for 4 minutes, 100/70 mm Hg , pulse 78 beats / min .
1. What type of reaction to physical exercise hemodynamics in this case?
2. Explain your answer.
Standard answer : because % Increase in heart rate during the first 10 sec
recovery period = ( 120-78 ) / 53% = 78h100
% Increase in systolic blood pressure = ( 135-100 ) / 100100 = 35 %
% Increase in diastolic BP = ( 75-70 ) / 70x100 = 7%
% Increase in pulse pressure = ( 60-30 ) / 30h100 = 100% ;
recovery period was 4 minutes , type of reaction to physical exercise
hemodynamics Normotonic .
3 . Problem: the study of the functional state of the respiratory system in young
men 19 years following results were obtained : chest circumference 89 cm in the
pause , inspiratory - 94 cm, on the exhale - 88 cm , VC - 4400 ml quiz Stange - 48 ,
the quiz Genchi - 35 , the quiz Serkin : phase 1 - 48 , phase 2 - 23 s, the third phase
- 42 ; quiz Rosenthal : 4200 ml, 4300 ml, 4300 ml, 4400 ml, 4400 ml.
1. Assess the functional status of the subject .
2 . Justify your answer .
Standard answer : when compared with tabulated data revealed that the chest
circumference of the subject corresponds to age norms , tour ( WGC inspiratory expiratory OGC ) = 6 cm, which is also incorrect, the VC can be estimated as the
average for men of this age . Data analysis of functional quizs show that the quiz
Stange , Genchi and Rosenthal performed well , and the results of the quiz Serkin (
1st phase 48 - 100%, Phase 2 - 23 to - 48%, the third phase - 42 - 87% ) correspond
to healthy untrained .
Criteria for evaluation of the analytical part :
Maximum score 30-26 points 25-21 20-16 15-11 score score 10 points and below
excellent good satisfactory unsatisfactory bad
100 % -86 % 85 % -71% 70-55 % 54 % 36 % -37 % or below
13.3 The practical part
quiz Martin
Objective: teaching students the art of Martin quiz to evaluate the response to
exercise hemodynamics .
Steps for :
№ Events
Impracticable Fully executed
number
correctly
(0 points)
92
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 Preparing the venue of the quiz (
table, chair ) and the necessary
instruments : a stopwatch , tonometer
stethoscope 0 5
2 Surveyed for 2-3 minutes rest in a
sitting position . 0 5
3 On the radial artery pulse count to 10
with intervals to threefold repetition of
numbers , written in the protocol. 0 10
4 On the left shoulder cuff impose
tonometer to measure blood pressure,
record the minutes. 0 10
5 Leaving the cuff blood pressure
monitors , the examinee performs 20
deep knee bends for 30 0 10
6 The first 30 with the recovery period
to measure the radial pulse 10 0
Next 7 for 40 on the 1st minute of the
recovery period to measure BP 0 10
8 From the 50th to the pulse counting
again in 10 second segments to restore
the original frequency , written
evidence in the record 20 0
9 Measure the blood pressure at the
end of each minute recovery period 0
10
Rate 10 results ( to determine the type
of hemodynamic response to the load )
0 10
Total 20 * x 100 h/100
0
5
0
5
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
20
0
10
0
10
100
Determination of the functional state of the respiratory system by quiz and
Stange Genchi
Objective: teaching students the art of sampling and Stange Genchi to assess
the functional state of the respiratory system.
Steps for :
№ Events
Impracticable
Fully executed
number
correctly
(0 points)
1
1 Preparing the venue of the quiz ( 0
5
table, chair ) and the necessary
instruments : a stopwatch. 0 5
93
2
2 Surveyed for 5-7 minutes rest in a 0
sitting position . 0 5
5
3
3 The subject makes a full inhale and 0
exhale , then inhale (80-90% of
maximum) , covers the nose and
mouth 10 0
4 Note the time delay from the time 0
prior to its termination, record the
result 0 10
Rate 5 results 0 20
0
10
4
5
10
20
0
№
1
2
3
4
5
Events
impracticablenu
mber
(0 points)
1 Preparing the venue of the quiz ( 0
table, chair ) and the necessary
instruments : a stopwatch. 0 5
2 Surveyed for 5-7 minutes rest in a 0
sitting position . 0 5
Fully executed
correctly
3 The subject makes a full exhalation 0
and inhalation , then exhale and hold
his breath 0 10
4 Note the time delay from the time 0
prior to its termination, record the
result 0 10
Rate 5 results 0 30
0
10
Total 20 * x 100 h/100
100
5
5
10
30
Determination of the functional state of the respiratory system using quizs
Serkin
Objective: teaching students the art of quiz Serkin to assess the functional state of
the respiratory system.
Steps for :
№ Events
Impracticable
Fully executed
number
correctly
(0 points)
94
1
1 Preparing the venue of the quiz ( 0
table, chair ) and the necessary
instruments : a stopwatch. 0 5
5
2
2 Surveyed for 5-7 minutes rest in a 0
sitting position . 0 5
5
3
3 The subject makes a full inhale and
exhale , then inhale (80-90% of
maximum) , covers the nose and
mouth 10 0
4 Note the time delay from the time
prior to its termination, record the
result 0 10
5 The subject performs 20 deep knee
bends in 30 seconds , takes a breath
and holds his breath 0 15
6 Select the time from the delay to its
termination , record the result 0 10
7 Surveyed rest for 1 minute 5 0
0
10
0
10
0
15
0
10
0
5
4
5
6
7
8
8 The subject inhales and holds his 0
breath 0 10
10
9
9 Select the time from the delay to its 0
termination , record the result 0 10
Rate 10 20 0 results
0
10
Total 20 * x 100 h/100
100
10
20
Determination of the functional state of the autonomic nervous system with the
help of orthostatic
Objective: teaching students the art of orthostatic quiz to assess the functional
state of the autonomic nervous system.
Steps for :
№ Events
Impracticable
Fully executed
number
correctly
(0 points)
1
1 Preparing the venue of the quiz ( 0
10
table, chair , couch ) and the necessary
instruments : a stopwatch , tonometer
stethoscope 0 10
95
2
February 5 - minute stay in the 0
horizontal position of the subject 10 0
10
3
3 Calculate the radial pulse for 15
seconds , measure blood pressure,
write the result 0 15
4 Surveyed quietly rises 10 0
5 Immediately after getting to calculate
the radial pulse for 15 seconds and
measure the blood pressure, write the
result 0 15
6 Surveyed resting 1 minute 0 10
7 Calculate the radial pulse for 15
seconds and measure the blood
pressure, write the result 0 15
Rate 8 0 15 results
Total 20 * x 100 h/100
0
15
0
0
10
15
0
0
10
15
0
15
100
4
5
6
7
8
Determination of the functional state of the autonomic nervous system using
wedge- orthostatic
Objective: teaching students the art of the wedge- orthostatic quiz to assess the
functional state of the autonomic nervous system.
№ Events
Impracticable
Fully
number
executed
(0 points)
correctly
1
2
3
4
5
1 Preparing the venue of the quiz ( table,
chair , couch ) and the necessary
instruments : a stopwatch , tonometer
stethoscope 0 10
2 We surveyed , in a standing position , to
calculate the radial pulse for 15 seconds ,
measure blood pressure, write the result 0
25
3 The subject lies quietly on the couch 0 10
4 Immediately after the horizontal position
to calculate the radial pulse for 15 seconds
and measure the blood pressure, write the
result 0 25
Rate 5 results 0 30
Total 20 * x 100 h/100
0
10
0
25
0
0
10
25
0
30
100
96
Criteria for assessing the practical part of the lesson .
Evaluation of the practical classes is 40% of rated current control . Maximum of 20
points.
On the subject of " medical control " every practical skill consists of 5-15 steps,
each of which is assessed separately and a total of 100 possible points.
If there are errors in the performance of the individual steps performed
incorrectly or reduced points : if improperly performed from 1 to 4 points , at
default from 5 to 15 points ..
Amount of points by a factor of 0.2 umnozhantsya .
For example: a student scored 80 points for the implementation of practical skill ,
multiply by a factor of 0.2 , will 80h0 , 2 = 16 points.
Criteria for assessing the practical part of the lesson
Maximum
score 25-22
points
excellent
100%-86%
21-18
good
17-14
satisfactory
85%-71%
70-55%
13-9
unsatisfactory
54%-37%
8 points and
below
bad
36% or below
14. Forms of control knowledge , skills and abilities
• oral
• Written
• solving situational problems
• demonstration of skills mastered .
Joint evaluation criteria table theoretical and analytical , practical and selfemployment units
Unsatisfactor
Rating
Excellent Good
Fair
Poor
y
%
100%Performance 86%
Theoretical
25-22 point
part
Analytical
30-26
point
part
Practical
40-34 points
part
85%-71%
70-55%
54%-37%
36% and below
21-18
points
17-14 point
13-9 point
8points
below
and
25-21
points
20-16point
15-11point
10 points
below
and
33-28
points
27-22 points
21-15 points
14 points and
below
97
Independen
4,2-3,6
5-4,3 point
point
t work
№
3,5-2,8 point
2,7-1,9 point
1,8 points and
below
15. Criteria for evaluation of the current control
Achievers number - Score
Progres mark
Level of student knowledge
1.
s in %
96100%
2.
91-95%
3.
86-90%
excellent
«5»
Full correct answer to questions about the tasks of sports
medicine and medical monitoring for exercise and sports,
athletes survey scheme , physical development, learning
methods , evaluation and correction of physical
development . Summarizes and makes decisions , think
creatively , independently analyzes . Situational problems
are solved correctly , with a creative approach , with full
justification response.
Actively and creatively involved in interactive games ,
right to make informed decisions and summarizes and
analyzes .
Actively involved in the development of practical skills
and properly performing.
CDS prepared high quality (abstract, slides , banner,
video ) with no less than 10 online sources and literature in
recent years.
2 . 91-95 % complete correct answer to questions
about the tasks of sports medicine and medical
monitoring for exercise and sports, athletes survey
scheme , physical development, learning methods ,
evaluation and correction of physical development .
Summarizes and makes decisions , think creatively ,
independently analyzes . Situational problems are solved
correctly , with a creative approach , with full justification
response.
Actively and creatively involved in interactive games ,
right to make informed decisions and summarizes and
analyzes .
Actively involved in the development of practical skills
and properly performing.
CDS prepared high quality (abstract, slides , banner,
video ) with no less than 10 online sources and literature
in recent years.
Excellent
"5" The questions about the tasks of sports medicine and
98
«5»
4.
5.
medical monitoring for exercise and sports, athletes
survey scheme , physical development, learning methods ,
evaluation and correction of physical development lit
enough , but there are 1-2 errors in the response. Applies
in practice , with the matter , said confidently , has fine
views. Situational problems are solved correctly , but the
justification answer sufficiently.
Actively involved in interactive games , correct
decisions . Actively involved in the development of
practical skills , but there are 2-3 mistakes in their
implementation .
CDS prepared high quality (abstract, slides , banner,
video ) with no less than 10 online sources and literature in
recent years.
81-85% Good «4»
The questions about the tasks of sports medicine and
medical monitoring for exercise and sports, athletes
survey scheme , physical development, learning methods ,
evaluation and correction of physical development is fully
covered , but there are 2-3 inaccuracies, errors . Applies in
practice , with the matter , said confidently , has fine
views. Situational problems are solved correctly , but the
justification answer sufficiently. Inaccuracies in solving
situational problems .
Actively involved in interactive games , correct
decisions .
Actively involved in the development of practical skills
, but there are 2-3 mistakes in their implementation .
CDS prepared high quality (abstract, slides , banner,
video ) with no less than 10 online sources and literature
in recent years.
76-80%
Good
Correct , but incomplete coverage of the issue .
Student knows about the problems of sports medicine and
«4»
medical monitoring for exercise and sports, athletes
survey scheme , physical development (RF ) , learning
methods , evaluation and correction of physical
development but fully understands the methods of
assessing risk factors . With the matter , said confidently ,
has fine views. Actively involved in interactive games .
Situational problem gives partial solutions .
Actively involved in the development of practical skills
, but there are 3-4 mistakes in their implementation .
99
6.
71-75%
7.
66-70%
8.
61-65%
CPC prepared good quality (abstract, slides) using at
least 5-8 online sources and literature in recent years.
Good
Correct , but incomplete coverage of the issue . Student
«4»
knows about the problems of sports medicine and medical
monitoring for exercise and sports, athletes survey
scheme , physical development, but incomplete lists
methods of examination, evaluation and correction of
physical development . With the matter , said confidently ,
has fine views. Actively involved in interactive games .
Situational problem gives partial solutions .
Actively involved in the development of practical skills ,
but there are 3-4 mistakes in their implementation .
CPC prepared good quality (abstract, slides) using at least
3-5 online sources and literature in recent years.
Satisfact
ory «3»
9.
55-60%
on the correct answer half of the questions . Student
knows about the problems of sports medicine and
medical monitoring for exercise and sports, athletes
survey scheme , physical development, but poorly versed
in the methods of examination, evaluation and correction
of physical development . With the matter , said
uncertainly , has accurate representations only on specific
issues theme. Situational problems are solved correctly ,
but there is no justification response. Passive when
discussing CDS. Passive during the development of
practical skills , makes mistakes when they are executed
correct answer half of the questions . Student knows
about the problems of sports medicine and medical
monitoring for exercise and sports, athletes survey
scheme , physical development, but poorly versed in the
methods of examination, evaluation and correction of
physical development . With the matter , said
uncertainly , has accurate representations only on
specific issues theme. Situational problems are solved
correctly , but there is no justification response.
Passive during the development of practical skills ,
makes mistakes when they are executed .
CPC prepared satisfactorily designed (abstract, slides)
using at least 2-3 online sources and literature in recent
years. Passive when discussing CDS.
correct answer to 40 % of the questions . Student
100
10.
11.
knows about the problems of sports medicine and medical
monitoring for exercise and sports, athletes survey
scheme , physical development, but poorly versed in the
methods of examination, evaluation and correction of
physical development . With the matter , said uncertainly ,
has accurate representations only on specific issues
theme. Situational problems are solved correctly , but
there is no justification response.
Passive during the development of practical skills , makes
mistakes when they are executed .
CPC prepared satisfactorily designed (abstract, slides)
using at least 2-3 online sources and literature in recent
years. The abstract mistakes , broken logical sequence of
topics subject was not disclosed . Improper design of
slides and posters. Passive when discussing CDS.
31-54% dissatisfa
less than 40% coverage of the issues in the wrong
ction «2» approach. Student does not know about the problems of
sports medicine and medical monitoring for exercise and
sports, athletes survey scheme , physical development.
Practically versed in the methods of examination,
evaluation and correction of physical development .
Homework is not satisfied.
Passive during the development of practical skills ,
making numerous mistakes in their implementation .
CDS performed with numerous errors , using only 1-2
online sources and literature, poorly framed , the student
can not present their work . Passive when discussing CDS.
20-30%
dissatisfa "2" is present on the student practical training in the
ction «2» proper form , there is a workbook . Questions not answers.
Do not know about the problems of sports medicine and
medical monitoring for exercise and sports, athletes survey
scheme , physical development. Not involved in the
development of practical skills.
Homework is not satisfied. CDS is not prepared . Passive
in class . Violates discipline prevents conduct classes .
101
16. Quiz Questions
1. Give an explanation of the concept of " functional state ."
2 . Classification of functional quizs.
3 . List the main objectives of application of functional quizs in the sport and the
clinic.
4 . What quizs are conducted without physical exertion ?
5 . What quizs are conducted with the use of physical activity ?
6. What quizs are used to evaluate the functional state of the respiratory system ?
7. What quizs are used to assess the functional state of the autonomic nervous
system ?
8. What quizs are used to evaluate the functional state of the cardiovascular
system ?
9. Methodology for conducting quiz Stange .
10 . Methodology for conducting quiz Genchi .
11. Methodology for conducting quiz Serkin .
12. Methodology for conducting quiz Rosenthal .
13. Methodology for conducting quizs Martin.
14. Methodology for conducting quiz Letunova .
15. Methodology of orthostatic quiz .
16. Methodology for conducting wedge orthostatic .
17. Describe normotonic hemodynamic response to the load.
18. Describe hypertensive response to hemodynamic load.
19. Describe asthenic hemodynamic response to the load.
20. Describe dystonic reactions hemodynamic load .
21. Describe the type of reaction step hemodynamic load .
22. Clinical significance of respiratory quizs.
23. The clinical significance of vegetative quizs.
24. The formula for calculating the vegetation index Kerdo infarction , its clinical
significance.
25. The clinical significance of the quiz Martin.
17. Recomended literature
Main Reading
1.yepifanov V.A. Apanasyenko R.L M Lyechyebnaya fizkultura i Vrachyebny
kontrol M.1990
2.Choyovadzye A.V. Kruyly I.M. Vrachyebny kontrol fizichyeskom vospitanii i
sportye M.1987.
1.Epifanov VA Apanasenko R.L M Therapeutic exercise and medical control
M.1990
102
2.Chogovadze AV Round IM Medical control physical education and sport
M.1987 .
Further Reading
1.yepifanov V.A. Lyechyebnaya fizkultura M., 2003
2.yepifanov V.A Lyechyebnaya fizkultura i sportivnaya myedisina. M. 2000
3.Dyembo A.Y. Vrachyebny kontrol v sportye. M.: Myedisina, 1988
4.Juravlyova A.I., Yrayevskaya N.D. Sportivnaya myedisina i lyechyebnaya
fizichyeskaya kultura. Rukovodstvo M., 1993
5.Lyeksionnye matyerial i uchyebno-myetodichyeskiye razrabotki.
6.Aulik I.V. Opryedyelyeniye fizichyeskoy rabotosposobnosti v klinikge i
sportye. M.1990
7.Karpman V.L Sportivnaya myedisina. M. 1987
8.Karpman V.L. Syerdsye i sport. M. 1990
9.Dyembo A.Y., Zyemsovskiy E.V. Sportivnaya kardioloyiya. M.1989
10.Rixsiyeva O.A. Massaj T., 1996
11.yershyev O.F. Jizn byez narkotikov. S:-P. Izdatyelstvo «Pionyer»,
Moskva, Astryel, AST 2001
12.Sportivnaya myedisina. Pod ryed. A.V.Choyovadzye M., Moskva, 1984
13.Vinoyradov P.A., Dushanin A.P., Joldak V.I. Osnov fizichyeskoy kultur i
zdorovy obraz jizni. Moskva, 1996
14.Volojin A.I., Subbotin Yu.K., Chikin S.Ya. Put k zdorovyu. Moskva, 1987
15.Kukolyevskiy Y.M. Vrachyebnoye nablyudyeniye za sportsmyenami. M.,
1975
16.Natalov Y.Y. Vvyedyeniye v fizichyeskuyu kulturu. Krasnodar, 1995
17.www.doktor.ru, www. medinfo. home.ml.or
ANNEX 1
Quizs to monitor the level of knowledge on the lesson number 2
1. Specify the quiz for the study of the functional state of the autonomic nervous
system
A. Rosenthal
B. Letunova
C. orthostatic *
D. Stange
E. quiz Voyachek
2 . Name the quiz , determining the functional state of the respiratory system:
A. triple probe
B. Martin quiz
C. Stange quiz *
103
D. quiz Voyachek
E. combined quiz
3 . What are the main type of response that characterizes the functional state of
the cardiovascular system :
A. hyperergic
B. hyperergic
C. Normotonic *
D. atonic
E. stage
4 . What do you call the type of reaction , in which after the load has been a sharp
increase in the maximum blood pressure of 180-200 mm Hg before , and the
minimum blood pressure either unchanged or increased, pulse pressure increases
slightly ?
A. atonic
B. stage
C. hypertensive type reactions *
D. dystonic
E. hypotonic
5 . What do you call the type of reaction , in which after the load slightly increased
systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure did not change, pulse
pressure increases slightly ?
A. hypertensive type reactions
B. atonic
C. hypotonic type reactions *
D. stage
E. dystonic
6. What type of reaction is accompanied by " a phenomenon of endless tone" ?
A. hypotonic type reaction
B. atonic
C. dystonic *
D. stage
E. hypertensive type reactions
7. Martin in the quiz evaluated the following figure :
A. expiration flow rate
B. inhalation rate
C. pulse before and after loading *
104
D. Breath
E. speed run
8. Specify a trait that characterizes Normotonic type of reaction to stress
A. a sharp increase in diastolic blood pressure
B. sharp increase in systolic blood pressure
C. increased heart rate *
D. sharp increase in pulse rate
E. slowing of heart rate
9. Specify a trait that characterizes hypertensive type reactions
A. reduction in diastolic blood pressure
B. blood pressure increased by 15-30 %
C. pulse quickens dramatically *
D. slowing of heart rate
E. diastolic pressure decreases
10 . Specify a trait that characterizes the type of dystonic reactions
A. increase in systolic blood pressure
B. slowing of heart rate
C. diastolic blood pressure becomes zero *
D. increase in diastolic blood pressure
E. negative pulse
11. At what type of reaction due to the expansion of arterioles reduces peripheral
resistance ?
A. hypotonic
B. hypertonic
C. Normotonic *
D. dystonic
E. reaction with a stepwise rise in systolic blood pressure
12. Increased blood flow in dystonic type of reaction due to:
A. increase in systolic pressure
B. reduce the number of heart beats
C. reduction in diastolic blood pressure *
D. increased systolic ejection
E. OPS gain
105
13. The phenomenon of " infinite tone" characteristic in response to the load type
:
A. hypertonic
B. stepwise
C. dystonic reaction type *
D. hypotonic
E. normotonic
14. Functional quizs allow us to determine the functionality of the body:
A. on physical education
B. in training
C. after the event
D. at metered loads *
E. competitions
15. Functional quiz for the study of the respiratory system
A. Letunova
B. Aschner
C. Rosenthal *
D. orthostatic
E. Martine
16. Name the quiz , determining the functional state of the respiratory system:
A. Genchi quiz *
B. Martin quiz
C. Stange quiz *
D. quiz Letunova
17. Functional quizs for the study of the cardiovascular system :
A. orthostatic
B. Martin *
C. Letunova *
D. Serkin
E. Genchi
18. Name the phase of the combined quiz Serkin :
A. delay exhalations standing *
B. delay in the expiratory phase of respiration after 20 squats *
C. repetition of the first phase of 1 minute after 20 squats *
D. Breath in the inspiratory phase in a sitting position
E. Breath in the inspiratory phase in the supine position
106
F. delay in the expiratory phase of respiration after 3 minutes of running
19. Specify the types of loads used during the combined quiz Letunova :
A. 20 sit-ups in 30 seconds *
B. 3 minute jogging in place at a pace of 180 steps / min *
C. jogging on the spot in the maximum rate for 15 seconds *
D. 60 jumps in 30 seconds
E. 30 sit-ups in 20 seconds
F. three minutes pedaling on a stationary bike
20. Name the functional exercise quiz :
A. Quiz Martin *
B. Serkin quiz *
C. Letunova quiz *
D. Rosenthal quiz
E. quiz Stange
F. quiz Genchi
21. To assess the use of vegetative status :
A. Kerdo index infarction *
B. orthostatic quiz *
C. clinoorthostatic quiz *
D. sympathetic quiz
E. parasympathetic quiz
F. Valsalva
22. Specify the features that characterize the type of dystonic reactions
A) increase in the maximum blood pressure *
B) decrease in heart rate
C) minimum blood pressure becomes zero *
D) increase in the minimum blood pressure
E) the maximum blood pressure decreases
F) slows down the recovery period *
23. Specify the features that characterize the hypertensive type of reaction :
A) blood pressure increased by 15-30 %
B) pulse quickens dramatically *
C) slowing of heart rate
D) the pressure is reduced
E) blood pressure rises sharply *
F) the recovery period lasts for a long time *
107
24. Specify the features that characterize Normotonic type of reaction :
A) a sharp increase in the minimum blood pressure
B) a sharp increase in the maximum blood pressure
C) pulse quickens *
D) a sharp increase in pulse rate
E) the systolic pressure is increased by 15-35 mmHg *
F) the diastolic pressure does not change *
25. Specify the features that characterize the type of reaction step :
A) a sharp increase in the minimum blood pressure
B) a sharp increase in the maximum blood pressure
C) pulse quickens *
D) increase in systolic blood pressure by 2 - 3rd minute recovery period *
E) systolic pressure rises by 15-35 mmHg
F) the recovery period lasts for a long time *
26. Features of the respiratory system of athletes :
A. bradypnea alone *
B. increase in VC *
C. rapid recovery of respiratory rate after exercise *
D. decrease in lung excursions
E. Increased light airiness
F. absence of rapid breathing under load
27. Features athlete's heart :
A. left ventricular hypertrophy
B. right ventricular hypertrophy
C. uniform hypertrophy of the heart of all *
D. sinus bradycardia alone *
E. rapid recovery after exercise *
F. sinus tachycardia
28. Do athletes aged 14 years , engaged in artistic gymnastics , Kerdo index value
is 18 , as is evidenced by :
A. expressed sympathicotonia
B. parasympatikotonia
C. sympathicotonia +
D. normotonia
E. vagotonia
108
29. A man of 25 years , baseline blood pressure was 120/80 mm Hg . After the
quiz Martine 1 minutes BP max . was 125 mm Hg for 2 minutes to 130 mm Hg for
3-1 minutes 140 mm Hg What type of reaction in this case?
A. hypertonic
B. dystonic
C. step +
D. Normotonic
E. asthenic
30. At athlete swimmer age 19 years Kerdo index value is 10 , what does this
mean?
A. sympathicotonia
B. expressed sympathicotonia
C. normotoniya +
D. vagotonia
E. parasimpatikotoniya
ANNEX 2
" Functional quizs "
Without physical with exertion
exertion
Genchi
, quiz Serkin ,
Rosenthal
, Martin,
Romberg
Letunova , VEP ,
klinoorto - static step quiz , quiz
specific Spar
breathing
autonomic
CVD
Quiz Shtange Ortho- static , Quiz
Genchi
, static
- Martin,
Rosenthal , klinoorto
Letunova
Serkin
109
Example making categorical table on the theme:
APPENDIX 3
Example conceptual drawing table on the theme:
"Types of hemodynamic response to exercise "
Normotonic
hypertonic
hypotonic
Reaction
Increase by
Increase by increase in
Ps
50 %
more than 60 heart rate is
%
100 % or
more
Reaction
GARDEN
Increase by 29 higher than Rises slightly
%
160 mm Hg
Reaction
DBP
Unchanged
pulse
pressure
increases
55%
Period
2-3 minutes
restitution
greater than Unchanged
90 mm Hg.
by increases
dystonic
step
increase
of increases by
more
than 2
to
3
60%
minutes of
the
maximum
above
200 Maximum
mmHg
increases by
2
to
3
minutes
the
"phenomenon
of
endless
tone"
is increases sharply
by less than increases
20%
maximum
increases by
2
to
3
minutes
maximum
increases by
2
to
3
minutes
more than 5 more than 5 more than 5 more than 5
min
min
min
min
110
MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
TASHKENT MEDICAL ACADEMY
"APPROVED"
Vice Rector by Academic
Affairs
Prof.TeshaevO.R_________
__"________"
________2014y .
Department of Folk Medicine , Rehabilitation and physical culture
Subject: Medical control
TECHNOLOGY TRAINING
on practical training
Related :
MEDICAL - teacher observations . Physical performance. The quiz for
determining the Fed (PWC170, Harvard step quiz). MEDICAL GROUP TO engage
in sports . Contraindications for physical culture and sports
Guidelines for teachers and students of the 4th year medical and medicalpedagogical faculties
Tashkent. 2014
111
Compilers : Associate Professor , Ph.D. Adilov Sh.K.
Senior Lecturer ,
Technology training approved :
at a meeting of the department number ______ of __________ 2014
Education technology discussed and approved at a meeting of the therapeutic
section CMK Tashkent Medical Academy ____ number of ________ 2014
Chairman prof. MD Karimov M.SH.______________________________
112
Universal model of learning technologies in the classroom
Topic number 3: Medical- pedagogical supervision . Physical performance .
Quizs to determine the Fed (PWC170, Harvard step quiz). Medical groups to
engage in sports . Contraindications for physical culture and sports .
Study time: 6:00
Study time: 6:00
II. The main part :
Structure of the training 1. theoretical
session prodrome
2 . analytical
3 . practical
4 . independent work of students
III. Final (resultant ) part
The purpose of the training session : to consolidate and deepen the knowledge
of the physical performance and how they are measured , medical- pedagogical
monitoring of persons engaged in physical culture and sports , develop the skill
of the quizs on the Fed , teach make conclusion on the results of the MTO.
Pedagogical objectives:
• Fix a general idea of the physical
performance ( Fed );
• organize knowledge about the kinds of
quizs , quizs on the Fed ;
• consolidate and extend the knowledge
of medical- pedagogical monitoring of
persons engaged in physical culture and
sports ;
• parse methods of conducting
population census ;
disassemble the principles of distribution
of students in the medical group for
physical training ;
• To develop skills of functional quizs on
the Fed and completing the relevant
documentation;
• teach for conformity assessment
exercises ( training) adopted hygienic and
physiological norms ;
• develop skills in organizing, comparing ,
Learning outcomes :
The student must :
• give an idea of the physical
performance of the body ;
• give an idea of the MTO ;
• talk about medical groups for
persons engaged in physical culture
and sports ;
• list contraindications for physical
training ;
• list the major diseases and
pathological conditions requiring
special
attention
in
physical
education and sport ;
•
list
prepathological
and
pathological conditions in athletes
with irrational use of physical
exertion;
• give an opinion on the Fed's body
on the basis of these quizs.
The student should be able to:
113
summarizing , and analyzing information perform practical skills : conduct
;
functional quizs to determine the
• develop communication skills.
Fed's complete medical checklist athletes and sportsmen .
Learning Methods
Forms of
activities
Discussion
,
conversation
,
technology : Graphic Organizer categorical table "Medical Group ."
organization
of
learning Individual work , group work, team .
Learning Tools
Training manuals, training materials ,
a set of measuring instruments
(stopwatch , tonometer with
phonendoscope ) , slides , markers,
sheets of A3 , A4.
Ways and means of feedback
Quiz , quizing, presentation of the
results
of
solving
situational
problems , making clusters ,
evaluation of development of
practical skills.
Typical flow chart of lesson
Stages of work , Content of activity
time 6 h activity
Teacher
Student
stage 1
Introduction to
the
training
session
25 min
1 . Tells subject , purpose and planned Listen, write ,
learning outcomes . Familiar with the plan update , ask
and features of the training session .
questions.
2 . Describes key categories and concepts
on this topic.
3 . Reported indicators and evaluation
criteria of academic work in class.
Stage 2
4 hours
main:
The practical part
Answer questions
(1 hr ) 1. Conducts a quiz to identify the .
source of students' knowledge on the
114
The theoretical topic:
part ( 2:00 )
• The concept of sports medicine , medical
monitoring tasks .
• Basic medical examinations of athletes
and sportsmen (primary , landmark ,
additional , urgent ) .
Analytical part • The concept of physical development
( 2:00 )
and the importance of it for sports
selection .
• Somatoscopy .
• Anthropometry .
2 . Students are encouraged to discuss the
problem of sports medicine and medical
monitoring method of " brainstorming ."
3 . Explains the concept of " physical
development ", parses the evaluation
criteria of physical development (data
external examination and anthropometry )
.
4 . Make offers graphic organizer - a
cluster on " Evaluation Criteria of physical
development ."
5 . Demonstrates techniques of of
somatoscopy and anthropometry .
6. Organize the implementation of
students' practical skills.
7. Divides the students into groups.
Reminiscent of rules and regulations in a
group discussion.
8. Gives the task :
• Solve the proposed situational problem .
Conduct and discuss the results of
individual work in mini-groups ;
• Prepare for a presentation.
1. 9. Coordinates , advises, directs the
learning activities . Examines and
evaluates the results of individual
work : filling medical and checklists ,
structure -tion anthropometric
profile and conclusions about the
physical development .
Participate
in
discussions , ask
questions, outline
, specify.
Perform
the
learning task .
Following
the
teacher perform
practical skills.
Divided
into
groups.
Perform
the
learning task .
Present
the
results
of
individual
and
group work .
115
stage 3
1 . An opinion on the subject, focusing
A Final -result - students on the main reports on the
ing
importance of the work done for future
20 min
professional careers .
2 . Commends the work of groups and
individual students , summarizes grade .
Analyzes and assesses the degree of
achievement of lesson .
Gives the task to prepare for the next
lesson .
Listen.
Conduct
selfesteem, grade .
Ask
questions.
Opine .
Recorded
assignment.
Topic number 3: Medical- pedagogical supervision . Physical performance .
Quizs to determine the Fed (PWC170, Harvard step quiz). Medical groups to
engage in sports . Contraindications for physical culture and sports .
1. Venue classes : Department of Medical Rehabilitation third TMA Clinic , a
physiotherapy clinic 1st TMA .
2 . Duration of study themes : the number of hours - 6.
3 . Session Purpose : to consolidate and deepen the knowledge of the physical
performance and how they are measured , medical and pedagogical observation (
MTO ) for persons engaged in physical culture and sports , develop the skill of the
quizs on the Fed , teach make conclusion on the results of the MTO.
4 . Pedagogical objectives:
• Fix a general idea of the physical performance ( Fed );
• organize knowledge about the kinds of quizs , quizs on the Fed ;
• consolidate and extend the knowledge of medical- pedagogical monitoring of
persons engaged in physical culture and sports ;
• parse methods of conducting population census ;
disassemble the principles of distribution of students in the medical group for
physical training ;
• To develop skills of functional quizs on the Fed and completing the relevant
documentation;
• teach for conformity assessment exercises ( training) adopted hygienic and
physiological norms ;
• develop skills in organizing, comparing , summarizing , and analyzing
information ;
• develop communication skills.
5 . Learning outcomes
116
The student must :
• give an idea of the physical performance of the body ;
• give an idea of the MTO ;
• talk about medical groups for persons engaged in physical culture and sports ;
• list contraindications for physical training ;
• list the major diseases and pathological conditions requiring special attention in
physical education and sport ;
• list prepathological and pathological conditions in athletes with irrational use of
physical exertion;
• give an opinion on the Fed's body on the basis of these quizs.
The student should be able to:
• perform practical skills : conduct functional quizs to determine the Fed
complete medical checklist - athletes and sportsmen .
6. Methods and techniques of teaching
Discussion , conversation , technology : Graphic Organizer - categorical table
"Medical Group ."
7. learning Tools
Manuals, training materials, tonometer , stethoscope , stopwatch, ergometer ,
slides , markers, banners, sheets of A3 , A4.
8. forms of learning
Individual work , group work , team .
9. conditions of Learning
Audience ratings conditions for working in groups.
10 . Monitoring and evaluation
Interpreting control : control issues , perform educational tasks in groups ,
performing skills .
Written control : control questions , the quiz solution and situational problems .
11. motivation
Features of modern life , on the one hand, is characterized by the lack of
adequate muscular load for optimum performance ( no improvement ) systems
and organs , and on the other - the use of large volume and intensity of physical
activity (professional sports) . In connection with this medical practice before it
became necessary to study these relationships between the body and the
physical work that led to the creation of a special science - Sports Medicine .
Sports Medicine - a branch of medical science and practice, study the positive and
negative effects of different levels of physical activity on health and physical
condition, as well as the means and methods of influencing processes
postexercise recovery and improve efficiency . Goals and objectives of sports
medicine , as well as means to achieve them are largely consonant c
physiotherapy . For example, the primary means of improving functional reserves
, prevention and health promotion athlete , a disabled patient is exercising. Their
117
use in sporting activities and in the process of rehabilitation is based on general
principles of teaching the theory and practice of physical education - training
dosage . Thus , we can talk more about the proximity of these disciplines than the
difference .
Medical control is the main section of Sports Medicine . Its task is constant
selection, medical examination and monitoring of persons engaged in physical
culture and sports .
12. Interdisciplinary communication and Intra
Teaching the topic is based on the knowledge students the basics of normal
anatomy and physiology, pathophysiology , propaedeutics internal medicine,
biostatistics (vertical integration ) . Also knowledge of the topic integrated with
therapy , hygiene of children and adolescents , physical therapy and traumatology
( horizontal integration) .
13. content classes
13.1. The theoretical part
Physical performance
Evaluation of physical performance on the quiz PWC170
Theoretical basis for the quiz PWC170 (Physical Working Capacity - physical
performance ) are two physiological principles .
1. There is a linear relationship between the number of heart contractions and
the intensity ( power, speed ) perform physical activity.
2 . optimal and most effective level of functioning of the cardiorespiratory system
during exercise when the heart rate is observed with 87 % of maximum heart rate
for each age. For young people aged up to 25 years, he is equal to 170 beats /
min.
PWC170 can identify three ways.
Pan-European way of doing the three steps recommended by the increasing
intensity of loads without rest intervals between them. The duration of each stage
of 3 minutes . The initial capacity is set at the rate of 0.75-1.25 W / kg body
weight. Heart rate is measured at the end of the three-minute stage for 15
seconds . The load increases in accordance with increase in heart rate so that the
heart rate to the end of the quiz increased to 170 beats / min. Increased heart
rate every 16 W or 100 kgm / min load power is 8-12 beats / min in men and 1317 u. / Min in women.
Calculation of PWC170 by the formula:
PWC170  (W3 - W2)/(f3 - f2)   f W 
Modification of V.L.Karpman et al. Proposed two loads increasing performance
capacity. The duration of each load 4-5 - min. Rest interval between 3 min. Heart
rate recorded at the end of the load. The quiz is performed without pre- workout.
118
At the end of the 1st load heart rate should reach 110-130 beats / min , and at the
end of the 2nd - 150-165 beats / min ( the difference is less than 40 beats / min).
Calculation of PWC170 by the formula:
PWC170  W1  (W2 - W1) x 170 –f1
f2 – f1
Modification of L.I.Abrosimov et al. To determine the performance of a proposed
PWC170 load , causing an increase in heart rate to 150-160 beats / min. Proposed
alternative definition L.I.Abrosimovoy PWC170 used in children and adolescents .
Due to the high lability of the heart rate error in the determination of physical
performance in this group will be less than the execution of a load
Calculation of PWC170 by the formula:
PWC170 = W/f1 - f0 x ( 170 - fo)
W - load power in kgm / min or Tues ; f - heart rate at an appropriate power load
(f0 - heart rate at rest)
Work to determine PWC170 can be performed on a bicycle ergometer , treadmill
( treadmill ) and on the steps. In the latter case, the calculation power of the load
carried by the formula : W = P xhxnx 1,3, where W - load kgm / min , P - weight in
kg of the quiz , h - step height in meters , n - number of ascents in minutes, 1 3 coefficient inferior work . If we consider that the quiz performed PWC170 power
load is known, then , using the above formula , it is easy to count the number of
ascents , which should make the study . Assume the first quiz with a load
weighing 70 kg should be performed with 1 W / kg body weight , height 0.2 m
steps Given that W 1 = 6.12 kgm / min , inserting the known data in the formula ,
we obtain that the quantity of climbing n = 6,12: 0,26 will be 23.5 minutes ,
rounded up to 24 . To perform higher loads (for example, 1.5 W / kg )
management is to leave the same amount of climbing per minute (ie, 24) , but to
increase the height of the step in 1.5 times , to make it 0.3 m
Evaluation of physical performance is made in absolute and relative terms . The
relative magnitude of PWC - the quotient of the absolute value ( kgm / min or W /
min) per kg body weight ( kgm / min.kg ) .
If the formula for calculating PWC170 insert relative power load without body
weight , the amount of physical performance will be expressed in relative units.
The resulting value of the relative physical performance, multiplied by the total
weight of the body is equal to the absolute physical performance.
In older age groups , ranging from 30 years or more , the optimal operating
modes CVD does not equal 170 beats / min. In relation to a particular cohort for
each age is calculated optimum value of heart rate (age frequency), PWRaF. To
find it takes 87 % of the maximum heart rate ( HR Mx ) at each age . Mx heart rate
is calculated according to the formula for men 220 - age for women 226 - age .
Thus , the indicator value corresponding PWC170 to 30 years of age , is: for men (
220-30 ) x 0.87 , equal to 165 beats / min. You can rely on such optimal heart rate
119
: 30-39 years - 160 strokes / min. ; 40 49y.o. - 150 strokes / min. , 50-59 - 145
strokes / min. And 60-69 - 135 u. / minutes.
Harvard step quiz based on detection of heart rate after dosed physical load
and allows the quantification of stroke recovery. Physical activity is climbing on a
step height of 50 cm for men and 43 cm for women. While climbing 5 min , the
frequency rises with the change of feet - 30 times in 1 minute . If the subject is
unable to perform the load for 5 minutes , the time actually recorded the work
done.
Heart rate is recorded in the sitting position in the first two 30 -4th minute
recovery period.
Quiz results are expressed as an index of the Harvard step quiz ( IGST )
IGST = tx100 / (f1 + f2 + f3) x2,
where t - while climbing on a step at a given temperature ,
f1, f2, f3 - heart rate for the first 30 seconds , respectively, 2, 3 and 4 min recovery
period.
Increasing the level of physical fitness is accompanied by increased IGST ,
detraining - reduction and the inability to perform load completely.
Table evaluation Harvard step quiz
Index Harvard step quiz
physical fitness Score
less than 55
55-64
65-79
80-89
90 and more
bad
below average
Average
good
great
Medical - teacher observations . ( MTO )
Medical - teacher observations in sports practice are of utmost importance. MTO
is held together with a coach , teacher of physical education in the field of
training, competition , physical education - in gyms , stadiums, swimming pools ,
etc. Forms of organization and methods of investigation during WH , defined
goals and objectives , as well as the stages of preparation of the athlete , species
survey (initial , in-depth , extra landmark , current ), and other tasks.
Forms of organization
#research prior to your workout ;
#directly to the training session ;
#after training session after 10 30 min at 4-6 hours after 12 -24 h at 24 and 48
hours thereafter.
#study day workout in the morning and evening;
#repeated studies during a week microcycle or other ;
120
#study after a day of rest.
Research methods. Use simple and sophisticated methods.
Simple methods. Include survey timing , evaluation of subjective sensations ,
movement coordination , definition of heart rate , respiration, blood pressure ,
temperature and body weight, vital capacity , inspiratory and expiratory power (
pneumatic ) , orthostatic quiz , etc.
Sophisticated : ECG EHKG , ultrasound, electro - and encephalography , telemetry,
and other biochemical studies
Special tricks : a survey when the athlete special quizs and quiz exercises , quiz
with repeated and additional loads , etc.
Goals and objectives of the medical and pedagogical observations:
• Identification of relevant classes taken hygienic and physiological norms .
Doctor familiar with lesson plans and the conditions in which it is held ,
contingent involved , assesses the correctness of groups.
Necessary to determine the nature of the exercise, their volume and intensity.
Comparing these data with objective indicators of the body's reaction to stress
and involved during the process of recovery , it is possible to judge the rationality
adopted methodology and take measures to address the identified deficiencies .
• Study the impact of training on the body. It is important to assess the adequacy
of the functional state of the load carried out during the course. To do this, define
the initial state of the exercising , response to stress and during recovery.
Original condition significantly affects the body's response to stress , so we need
to know whether normal human condition today , or it is violated . Study of the
reaction to the load carried during exercise at various stages of training. On the
basis of studies carried out during the course constitute physiological curve of the
intensity of the load and its distribution in the course of employment.
The better prepared athlete , the more economical his reaction when the loads at
moderate intensity. And conversely, when the maximum loads (in particular, the
competition ) trained body is able to perform work at a higher intensity , which
often manifests significant shifts physiological functions. Important to compare
the immediate response to a load over her recovery processes . Even very large
shifts after stress in the normal course of recovery processes indicate the
adequacy of the load of dealing . Obviously slow recovery - a clear sign of
inadequacy loads or deterioration athlete. To restore the most significant
characteristics of the study data that were studied during exercise . This may be
heart rate, blood pressure , body weight, hemoglobin and hematocrit , lactic acid
and urea in the blood, the residual protein in the urine , etc.
Assessing the impact of stress on the method for recovery helps the additional
load . This may be used both specific and nonspecific load operated with a
maximum or close to the intensity . They should be applied in the study before
and after a workout, the next day after that , every day before training , etc.
121
About nedovosstanovleniya indicated by the change of physiological and
biochemical parameters such as reaction detected prior to occupancy .
• Determination of fitness . A high level of specialized training athlete is achieved
not only by improving the general adaptive mechanisms , but also to adapt to the
maximum muscular efforts with multiple repetition specific to the sport of motor
act . In this regard, determining the level of fitness will be more accurate than the
more specific for each sport will be used functional quizs . For this purpose, you
can use special quizs with respect to the maximum standard specific loads. So the
level of general fitness and endurance can be estimated using the Cooper quiz ,
determining the distance in kilometers, which can overcome the examinee for 12
min. And after running for 5 min recovery period is estimated nature of the
reaction .
During MTO uses the following instructional techniques .
Determination of density classes . By timing the actions of one - two involved
determined the total time spent performing exercises. Density classes defined as
the ratio of time. Spent on the exercise , the total time employment ( %). Skilled
occupation has a density of 60-70%.
Determination of the physiological curve of the lesson. Physician attending the
various stages of training, HR records or other physiological parameters and
builds a graph showing its dynamics during exercise. Analyzing this curve , we can
evaluate the effectiveness of the introductory part of the lesson , the intensity of
physical activity in its body , the duration of the final part of the pulse and the
degree of recoverability by the end of class.
Determination of the degree of fatigue . Carried out by the external signs of
fatigue - the color of the skin, sweating , and other precision movements and
speed recovery after the initial heart rate training.
Properly constructed characterizes riding lesson for this group of excitability pulse
virtually complete by the end of the recoverability of its class, the average degree
of fatigue involved .
Effectiveness of the training process depends on how well the chosen training
facility and their dosage in one lesson , micro or mesocycle . In order to clarify
these effects taken urgent study , the retired and the cumulative training effect .
Urgent training effect - the changes occurring in the body directly during physical
exercise and recreation in the next period .
Of delayed training effect - changes noted in the later phases of recovery (eg , the
next day after school or after a few days).
Cumulative training effect - changes in the body that occur over a long period of
training , as a result of summation of delayed and immediate effects of the total
number of individual training sessions .
MTO held during the milestone , current and operational research .
122
In landmark studies of complex when estimated cumulative training effect for a
certain period , participating teachers, doctors and psychologists . The doctor's
task - to assess changes in the functional status of the individual systems of the
body , the overall health of the body. Landmark study carried out every 2-3
months : at rest, during and after physical activity (using a bicycle ergometer ,
treadmill , etc.).
In the current study assessed the retired training effect . Forms of organization of
these observations may be different: a) every morning in the conditions of
training camp before training sessions or b) every morning and evening , and c) at
the beginning and end of one or two micro-cycles (in the morning or at any time
before classes ), d ) the day after classes ( morning or before the next exercise ) .
For routine monitoring using the simplest methods of clinical and functional
studies - and somatosensory fiziometriyu , cross-sectional functional quizs (20
squats , holding your breath , etc.).
In urgent operational research evaluated the training effect , ie changes occurring
in the body during physical exercise and recovery in the coming period. Use the
following forms of operational research : a) directly to the lesson ( for all classes ,
after some exercise or after various parts of classes ) , and b) to a training session
and 20-30 minutes after it ( alone or with the additional load ); c) training day ,
morning and evening .
When conducting operational express control taking into account subjective
sensations are three types of reactions to the training load : physiological , "
border " and the pathological .
Types of reaction to the load during the operational control
Period
of type of reaction
occupation
physiological
" borderline"
pathological
During
exercise
subjectively
felt
the possibility of
strengthening the
load intensity ,
heart rate - within
the
limits
established for the
individual,
free
rhythmic breathing
sensation
of incoordination, pallor,
ultimate load , the pain chest , heart
appearance
of rhythm disturbance
discomfort or chest
pain , increased
heart
rate
of
conventional
respiratory
Immediately
after
exercise
(
training)
Wellness ; feeling
of " muscle joy ";
decrease in heart
rate to 120 beats /
Psychic depression,
after 3 min heart
rate over 120 beats
/ min , pain and
heart rate intensity for
3 min after exercise
than 140 beats / min ;
saved chest pain , the
123
min or less for 3 discomfort
even feeling of extreme
min
with small loads
fatigue , malaise ,
dizziness
In between Feeling of general
loads
( weariness lasts not
training )
longer than 2 h
after exercise ;
heart rate less
than 80 beats /
min, local fatigue
persists for more
than 12 hours;
orthostatic pulse
reaction in 1 min
12
Feeling
tired
persists for more
than 2 hours after
the occupation , a
decline in interest
for classes , sleep
disturbance
and
appetite hR 80
beats / min is
maintained until 12
hours after exercise
;
local
fatigue
persists up to 24 h ;
orthostatic
pulse
reaction 13-19 min
in 1
Aversion to exercise ;
malaise
;
sleep
disturbance, appetite,
sense of common
fatigue more than 12
hours
after
the
occupation ; heart
rate greater than 80
beats / min, reduced
resistance to usual
exertion; orthostatic
pulse reaction more
20 or more in 1
minute
Medical groups to engage in sports
Students of schools, colleges, high schools , students of secondary and higher
educational institutions , depending on the state of health, physical development
and physical fitness are divided into the following medical groups: a) main b)
preparation , c) special . Person , healthy, makes no complaints related to an
underlying medical group surveyed 1-2 times a year ( at the beginning of the
school year or semester ) . Preparatory and special medical groups surveyed
indicated, but not less than 2 times per academic year. According to the annual
medical examination carried out translation from group to group . This translation
can be carried out and ahead of schedule - after further examination on
presentation of physical education . Persons related to health for the special
group , be sure to deal with special education programs . Any error in the
assessment of health status, functional status and physical development in the
best case will prevent the positive impact physical training and sports , at worst cause irreversible organic changes in the systems , organs and even death.
124
group
Medical student groups for physical training
characteristic of the Medical exercise tolerance
group
Main
Stateless variations in health
status , as well as persons
with minor variations in
health status , with sufficient
physical development and
physical fitness classes
curriculum
of
physical
education in full , delivery
standards , employment in the
sports section , participation in
competitions
Preparatory
Stateless variations in health
status , as well as persons
with minor variations in
health
status
,
with
insufficient
physical
development and physical
preparedness Things
curriculum
of
physical
education provided a more
gradual
development
of
complex
motor
skills
,
especially those related to the
presentation of elevated body
requirements.
Additional
classes to improve physical
fitness
and
physical
development
Special
Persons with variations in Classes in special education
health status of permanent programs
or temporary nature, which
limits
physical
activity,
committed
to
the
implementation
of
educational and indusquiz
work
Exemption from teaching physical education classes can be a temporary measure
, caused by the presence of acute illness or injury , acute exacerbation of chronic
disease.
125
Recommendations for determining the medical team for some deviations in
health status ( Bulich EG, 1986)
(abridged version)
Basic medical diagnosis . Preparatory Group honey . Special group honey . Things
LFC Group
Diagnosis
Main group
Readiness
Special group
TLP
Rheumatism
Appointed 2
years
after
acute
in
general good
health
appointed not
earlier
than
one year after
exacerbation
in the absence
of clinical signs
of heart and
joints
Appointed
no
earlier than 8-10
months after the
end
of
an
exacerbation in
the absence of
events indicating
an activity or
process failure
Appointed
circulation in
the
acute
phase and in
the
first
months after
the end of
exacerbation
Bronchial
asthma
appointed not
earlier than 2
years
after
the last attack
in
good
condition
appointed not
earlier
than
one year after
the last attack
in the absence
of secondary
changes in the
lungs
and
respiratory
failure
phenomena at
rest and during
physical
exertion
appointed in the
absence
of
phenomena
NAM alone if
seizures
occur
not heavy and
not more than 12 times a year.
Things
build
based on the
methodology of
exercise therapy
in this disease
appointed
with frequent
attacks
,
secondary
changes
in
the
lungs,
with
symptoms of
MDs
or
cardiovascula
r disease
Chronic
respiratory
diseases
Appointed in
the absence
of there exists
governmental
violations of
nasal
breathing
indicated
moderate
violations
nasal
breathing
Chronic
media
if indicated if the not assigned
frequent
of exacerbations of
chronic diseases
otitis opposite
Appointed
indicated
with seemed busy dysfunction in purulent
if not assigned
126
perforation of swimming
the
tympanic
membrane
the absence of processes
hearing
pulmonary
tuberculosis
Appointed in a
compensated
state and in
the absence of
NAM
Appointed in
the absence
of
focal
lesions , signs
of
acute
process and
NAM
Appointed with a solved
favorable course individually
of the disease,
Subcompensate
d - end process
and DN stage I
Chronic gastritis not appointed appointed by prescribed
at
, enteritis ,
common good rated
colitis
condition
satisfactory
overall condition
indicated if
not sharply
expressed
signs
of
exhaustion
Stomach ulcer, Not assigned
duodenum
Not assigned
Appointed
no
earlier than one
year after the
end of treatment
,
eliminate
clinical
manifestations
of the disease
indicated if
no
contraindicati
ons to the
zany HPE
Chronic
pyelonephritis
Not assigned
Not assigned
indicated if renal
function
is
compensated
period
of
exacerbation
and
in
the
absence
of
complications
from CAS
Assigned
outside the
period
of
exacerbation
with
a
moderate
increase
in
blood
pressure or
stage I of the
Tax
Blood diseases Not assigned
(hemophilia
,
thrombocytope
nic
purpura
Not assigned
Not assigned
can
be
assigned only
with
very
mild forms
127
disease
Henoch )
,
Endocrine
not assigned
disease
(hyperthyroidis
m , obesity,
diabetes )
prescribed at
the lungs and
minor
violations , if
the
physical
development
and
ageappropriate
performance
prescribed
at indicated
moderately
severe
severe violations violations
lagging physical
development
(minus 1-2 σ),
significant
obesity
Inguinal hernia , Assigned not
femoral
, earlier than
appendicitis
, six months ,
fractures
counting from
the
resumption of
classes after
the
operation
intervention
appointed
within
six
months after
the
resumption of
exercise in an
educational
institution
appointed for Appointed six months after term period
surgery in the
postoperative
Scoliosis
In
posture
disorders
caused
by
deficiencies of
the
educational
and
home
mode
for scoliosis I and
II
class
.
Additionally
recommended
gymnastics
Not
assignable
if
classes
for
scoliosis
Article III . ,
Juvenile
kgphosis
Contraindications for physical training and sports
1) disease in acute and subacute stage
2) Mental illness impede contact with the person
3 ) Heavy organic diseases of the central nervous system
4) Malignancies
5 ) Diseases of the cardiovascular system : an aneurysm of the heart and great
vessels, coronary artery disease with frequent attacks of angina pectoris ,
myocardial infarction up to 6 months, circulatory failure , cardiac arrhythmias ,
hypertension stage II-III
128
6) Bronchial asthma with severe
7) Severe bronchiectasis
8) Liver and kidney function failure phenomena
9 ) Endocrine function in patients with severe violation
10 ) Diseases of the motion with a pronounced dysfunction of the joints and pain
11) Thrombophlebitis and frequent bleeding of any etiology
12) Glaucoma
Predpatologieskie and pathological conditions in athletes with irrational use of
physical exertion
The basis of sport is a constant desire to improve sportsmanship, sports results .
All this is achieved primarily , at the cost of use for many years huge training load .
In particular, in one class weightlifter raises to 20 000 kg , the swimmer swims up
to 12 km , the athlete runs up to 40 km , etc. Salable loads in the annual cycle in
ski racing is about 10 thousand kilometers, veloshosse - 42 thousand km,
swimming - 3 thousand km, more than a thousand jumping and fighting in fencing
, not less than 2000 rounds in boxing ( In . A.Geselevich , V.N.Saninskg , 2003,
V.P.Plotnikov , 2005).
Athletes with physical and emotional overload condition may have fatigue ,
overload leading body systems and overtraining .
Overwork - extreme fatigue that occurs when the body within a certain time can
not be restored from one activity or event to another. Sports performance can
generally remain essentially unchanged or slightly reduced. Deteriorating health ,
sleep, appears unstable mood , apathy , more lasting than is usually stored after
exercise fatigue. Overwork is the cause of chronic surge overtraining.
Overvoltage. There are three clinical forms of physical stress ( A.M.Alaverdyan et
al. , 1987)
1. Acute physical stress . It develops during or immediately after a single
emergency ( inadequate ) for the function of the initial state of the organism load
, causing pathological changes or exhibiting latent pathology of organs and
systems , leading to disruption of their function.
2 . Chronic physical stress - occurs when repeated load mismatch functional level .
Characterized by impaired regulatory function of the central nervous system ,
which results in an imbalance of anabolism and catabolism , as well as the
inadequacy of the recovery processes .
3 . Chronically occurring acute manifestations of physical overexertion . Possible
during or immediately after stress and have the features of the first two forms of
the surge.
Acute physical stress . As an etiological factor may cause damage to the central
nervous system, heart , respiratory system , kidneys, blood system , etc.
129
#Involvement of the central nervous system in very rare cases can lead to the
development of paresis . While athletes complain of sharp one-sided weakness in
the limbs, headache, nausea. Favorable for disease .
After appropriate treatment of sports can be continued after 3 months of
recovery.
#Cardiac . Under the influence of surge may develop acute myocardial dystrophy ,
hemorrhages in the heart muscle. In rare cases, athletes appear in small foci of
myocardial necrosis is not associated with coronary artery disease . They are
called metabolic necrosis. Athletes in acute physical stress it is possible
myocardial infarction and bleeding in cardiac muscle. Clinically they appear during
an attack of angina and has all their stages , typical of myocardial infarction. The
basis of this disease is the development of acute coronary insufficiency in
excessive exertion. Essential if this can not be diagnosed early atherosclerosis and
congenital anomalies of the structure of the coronary arteries .
Often athletes acute physical stress causes abnormal heart rhythm ( arrhythmias ,
QT interval P - Q and sinus block ) .
Athletes undergoing Noncoronary necrosis, myocardial infarction or hemorrhage
in the heart muscle , exercise contraindicated.
#respiratory disorders . Thus often develops emphysema . Occasionally acute
physical stress can lead to the development of acute spontaneous pneumothorax
. When full recovery and high functional state apparatus of external respiration
athletes may be admitted to training.
#Kidney . 24-48 hours of rest after muscle activity in the urine of healthy athletes
do not have to be a change in the form of proteinuria , hematuria , tsilindrourii .
Due to acute physical stress in athletes may cause hemoglobinuria and
myoglobinuria . Hemoglobinuria is the result of intravascular hemolysis , leading
to the appearance in plasma of large amounts of dissolved hemoglobin, which
begins to separate urine. Myoglobinuria may be due to a traumatic myositis
developing under high physical loads . In all cases when hit dissolved hemoglobin
or muscle pigment myoglobin in the urine latter becomes brown .
Occasionally during acute physical stress in athletes observed bleeding in the
renal parenchyma with formation of kidney infarction . After recovery, sports are
contraindicated , as well as after suffering hemoglobinuric mioglobulinuriynogo
and nephrosis .
#The defeat of the blood system . Under the influence of acute physical stress can
develop intoxication phase myogenic leukocytosis , which is accompanied by a
significant increase in the number of leukocytes in peripheral blood , increasing
the number of neutrophils with a left shift , decrease in the number of
lymphocytes and eosinophils complete disappearance . Furthermore , it may lead
to significant decrease of glycogen , granulocytes and alkaline phosphatase
activity .
130
In a tense muscle activity may cause of anemia ( decreased hemoglobin levels
below 130 g / l in men and 120 g / l in women ) . Sports anemia causes may be:
hemolysis , elevated erythrocyte destruction by increasing their fragility , systemic
changes in protein metabolism in response to additional stress , excessive
activation of erythropoiesis after a hard workout , iron deficiency .
#defeat the immune system. Intense single and multiple load depress humoral
immunity . Significantly reduced the phagocytic activity of leukocytes after
exercise , especially in young athletes .
In elite athletes , endurance athletes , amid intensive exercise reduced levels of
immunoglobulins A, G and M in the blood and saliva. Described the phenomenon
of " disappearance of immunoglobulin " in the blood of athletes in extreme sports
overload . Physical activity of high intensity sharply depress T-cell immunity.
Thus, the immune status of an athlete is closely linked to its functional state and
the level of the special physical performance. Evaluation of the immune status of
elite athletes is now becoming a mandatory part of a comprehensive assessment
of their functional status at all stages of the training process and competition.
Chronic physical stress overtraining . The most common pathological conditions
in athletes. The athlete's body is in a constant state of tension, wasteful energy
consumption and insufficient speed recovery. At the heart of overtraining is the
overexertion of the central nervous system , in connection with which the leading
features of this condition are changes in the cortical processes occurring type of
neurosis of varying severity . In this condition, the athlete , having a great
potential physiological and pathological absence of symptoms is not able to show
good results ( to develop the necessary speed , change it to a separate stint ,
finish , fulfill their tactical plan ) .
Correction method overtraining syndrome is long (up to 6-12 months) switch to
another view on the nature of muscular activity .
Recommendations . Reduce the training load , have more rest days , not to
compete . Normalize the mode of the day , lengthen sleep up to 10 hours a day .
Questions for Knowledge Control :
1) Give the definition of " physical performance ."
2) By what quizs can determine the level of the Fed ?
3) Tell the principle of quiz PWC170.
4) How is the step quiz ?
5) Write a formula Harvard step quiz.
6) List the tasks of medical- pedagogical observation.
7) How is the physiological load curve ?
8) Give the definition of " employment density ."
9) What are the medical group to engaged in physical training , you know?
10 ) Describe the basic medical group.
131
11 ) Describe the preparatory medical group .
12 ) Describe the special medical team .
13) What are the contraindications to physical education and sports , you know?
14 ) Name and pathological conditions prepathological athletes arising from
irrational use of excessive physical exertion .
15) What advice should be given in identifying phenomena overvoltage and
overtraining ?
To assess the level of assimilation of the theoretical material is also used quiz
questions (see Appendix 1 ).
Maximum
score 25-22
points
excellent
100%-86%
Criteria for evaluating the theoretical part
17-14
13-9
21-18
good
85%-71%
satisfactory
70-55%
unsatisfactory
54%-37%
8 points and
below
bad
36% or below
13.2. The analytical part of
13.2.1 . Using the method of discussion
Discussion - The process of students and teacher discuss a specific topic . It allows
us to consider various options to get feedback , to unite members of the working
team , learn different and critical perspective on the project or proposal to define
the purpose and appropriate methods of its implementation , identify any missing
resources .
Students are encouraged to discuss the method of discussion " What
prepathological and pathological conditions can occur in athletes with irrational
use of physical activity ? "
Issues for discussion :
1. What could be the cause of prepathological and pathological conditions in
athletes ?
2 . Classification and pathological conditions prepathological athletes.
3 . Methods of diagnosis and pathological conditions prepathological athletes.
4 . Correction methods prepathological athletes and pathological conditions .
13.2.2 . Decision situational problems
132
1. Objective: The student 1st year in the primary medical examination revealed
physical development is above average , chronic gastritis and scoliosis second
degree.
1. Which medical group on physical education need to define it ?
2 . Your advice on the application of physical activity.
Standard answer : despite the fact that the physical development of the subject is
above average, the presence of chronic diseases requires the student to identify
this special medical team , where the selection exercise will be individualized .
2 . Problem: Girl 17 years old, has an average physical development, no
complaints , physical education at school the last 2 years was not engaged , as
surveyed in connection with the alleged rheumatism. Diagnosis was not
confirmed . Which medical group for physical training in terms of high school it
belongs ?
Standard answer : the preparatory group , because in the absence of chronic
illness in the survey was given a 2- year break in physical activities that causes the
development of the state of detraining .
3 . Problem: A student 20 years of age engaged in physical training in the basic
medical group. Two months ago, suffered a purulent otitis media with perforation
membrane. There is the presence of labyrinthine symptoms ( dizziness, nausea,
altered auditory function). Your tactics and recommendations.
Standard answer : because the student as a result of this illness developed
complications , it must be determined in a special medical team . When selecting
exercises necessary to exclude classes in the pool and hypothermia , in an
exercise to recommend the use of special exercises to develop coordination and
balance .
4 . Problem: university student asked 1 month after the last normal childbirth.
Before pregnancy refers to the main medical group , then was transferred to the
special . Your tactics , recommendations ?
Standard answer : because Current students at childbirth were no complications
and in good health , it is necessary to define the preparatory medical group with
subsequent transfer to the main next semester with good exercise tolerance .
5 . Objective: The overall density of training at the Department of gymnastics girls
athletes 40%. In this case the maximum load (at physiological curve ) occurs at the
end of the main , the growth momentum of 22% , the number of breaths per
minute is increased by 6-8% , pulse pressure increased by 20 % (due to systolic
blood pressure ) . Can we assume the specified density optimal workout and why?
133
Is this a reflection of the density of training in the nature of the physiological
curve ? Your recommendations coach.
Standard answer : kvalifitsiovanno conducting classes (training) has a density of
60-70 % , the maximum load falls on the main part of the session , which affects
the physiological curve. In this case, the specified density can not be considered
an optimal workout , which is reflected in the physiological curve.
Recommendations coach, analyze training undertaken , to find the causes of low
density classes , optimize training and properly distribute the load in athletes .
Maximum
score
25-22
points
excellent
100%-86%
Criteria for evaluation of the analytical part :
17-14
13-9
21-18
good
85%-71%
satisfactory
70-55%
unsatisfactory
54%-37%
8 points and
below
bad
36% or below
13.3. The practical part
13.3.1 . Determining the level of physical performance by conducting quiz
PWC170.
Objective: teaching students how to conduct the quiz and evaluation PWC170 the
results.
Steps for :
Events impracticable number
(0 points) Fully executed correctly
1 Check the working condition of the bicycle ergometer , training stopwatch 0 5
2 Introduction to the sports history of the patient and the anthropometry data 0 5
3 seated subject at ergometer 0 5
Count 4 for 30 with a pulse on the carotid arierii ( in a sitting position on a bicycle
ergometer ) 0 10
5 Install on bicycle 1st load in accordance with the body weight of the subject
(W1) 0 10
6 the execution surveyed 1st load for 5 minutes at 60-75 pedaling rpm 0 10
At the end of the load 7 during the last 30 seconds of pulse to determine the
frequency (f1) 0 10
8 Post surveyed 3- minute interval recreation 0 5
9 Set on the 2nd cycle ergometer load in accordance with the body weight of the
subject (W2) 0 10
The execution of the examined 10 2nd Load for 5 minutes at 60-75 pedaling rpm 0
10
134
At the end of the load 11 during the last 30 seconds of pulse to determine the
frequency (f2) 0 10
12 Calculate PWC170 mathematical or graphical manner and evaluate the result 0
10
Total 20 * x 100 h/100
13.3.2 . Determination of physical fitness through Harvard step quiz
Purpose: To train students methods of determining physical fitness through
Harvard step quiz and evaluation of the results.
Steps for :
Events impracticable number
(0 points) Fully executed correctly
1 Prepare for the quiz steps of varying heights and stopwatch 0 10
2 In the subject in a sitting position on the radial pulse count arierii for 30 seconds
0 20
3 Perform surveyed climbs up a notch for 5 minutes with a frequency change with
leg lifts 30 times in 1 minute 0 20
4 Writing surveyed minute interval recreation 0 5
5 In the subject in a sitting position on the radial pulse count arierii within the first
30 seconds, 2 -4th minute recovery period (f1, f2, f3) 0 20
6 These indicators substitute in the Harvard step quiz and evaluate the result 0 25
Total 20 * x 100 h/100
Criteria for assessing the practical part of the lesson .
Evaluation of the practical classes is 40% of rated current control . Maximum of 20
points.
On the subject of " medical control " every practical skill consists of 5-15 steps,
each of which is assessed separately and a total of 100 possible points.
If there are errors in the performance of the individual steps performed
incorrectly or reduced points : if improperly performed from 1 to 4 points , at
default from 5 to 15 points ..
Amount of points by a factor of 0.2 umnozhantsya .
For example: a student scored 80 points for the implementation of practical skill ,
multiply by a factor of 0.2 , will 80h0 , 2 = 16 points.
Criteria for assessing the practical part of the lesson
The maximum score
40-34 33-28 points 27-22 points 21-15 points 14 points and below
excellent good satisfactory unsatisfactory bad
100 % -86 % 85 % -71% 70-55 % 54 % 36 % -37 % or below
14. Forms of control knowledge , skills and abilities
135
• oral
• Written
• solving situational problems
• demonstration of skills mastered .
Joint evaluation criteria table theoretical and analytical , practical and selfemployment units
Rating
Excellent
Good
100%-86% 85%-71%
%
Performance
Fair
Poor
Unsatisfactory
70-55%
54%-37%
36% and below
8points
below
Theoretical
part
25-22 point
21-18 points
17-14 point
13-9 point
Analytical
part
30-26 point 25-21 points
20-16point
15-11point
27-22 points
21-15 points
14 points
below
and
3,5-2,8 point
2,7-1,9 point
1,8 points
below
and
Practical
part
40-34 points
33-28 points
Independen 5-4,3 point 4,2-3,6
point
t work
and
10 points and below
15. Criteria for evaluation of the current control
№
1.
Progress mark
in %
96excellent
100%
«5»
Level of knowledge of student
Full correct answer to questions about the tasks of
sports medicine and medical monitoring for exercise and
sports, athletes survey scheme , physical development,
learning methods , evaluation and correction of physical
development . Summarizes and makes decisions , think
creatively , independently analyzes . Situational
problems are solved correctly , with a creative approach
, with full justification response.
Actively and creatively involved in interactive games ,
right to make informed decisions and summarizes and
analyzes .
Actively involved in the development of practical skills
and properly performing.
CDS prepared high quality (abstract, slides , banner,
video ) with no less than 10 online sources and literature in
recent years.
136
2.
91-95%
3.
86-90%
4.
81-85%
2 . 91-95 % complete correct answer to questions
about the tasks of sports medicine and medical
monitoring for exercise and sports, athletes survey
scheme , physical development, learning methods ,
evaluation and correction of physical development .
Summarizes and makes decisions , think creatively ,
independently analyzes . Situational problems are solved
correctly , with a creative approach , with full justification
response.
Actively and creatively involved in interactive games ,
right to make informed decisions and summarizes and
analyzes .
Actively involved in the development of practical skills
and properly performing.
CDS prepared high quality (abstract, slides , banner,
video ) with no less than 10 online sources and literature
in recent years.
Excellent
"5" The questions about the tasks of sports medicine
«5»
and medical monitoring for exercise and sports, athletes
survey scheme , physical development, learning methods ,
evaluation and correction of physical development lit
enough , but there are 1-2 errors in the response. Applies
in practice , with the matter , said confidently , has fine
views. Situational problems are solved correctly , but the
justification answer sufficiently.
Actively involved in interactive games , correct
decisions . Actively involved in the development of
practical skills , but there are 2-3 mistakes in their
implementation .
CDS prepared high quality (abstract, slides , banner,
video ) with no less than 10 online sources and literature in
recent years.
Good «4»
The questions about the tasks of sports medicine and
medical monitoring for exercise and sports, athletes
survey scheme , physical development, learning methods ,
evaluation and correction of physical development is fully
covered , but there are 2-3 inaccuracies, errors . Applies in
practice , with the matter , said confidently , has fine
views. Situational problems are solved correctly , but the
justification answer sufficiently. Inaccuracies in solving
situational problems .
137
5.
76-80%
6.
71-75%
7.
66-70%
Actively involved in interactive games , correct
decisions .
Actively involved in the development of practical skills
, but there are 2-3 mistakes in their implementation .
CDS prepared high quality (abstract, slides , banner,
video ) with no less than 10 online sources and literature in
recent years.
Good
Correct , but incomplete coverage of the issue .
Student knows about the problems of sports medicine
«4»
and medical monitoring for exercise and sports, athletes
survey scheme , physical development (RF ) , learning
methods , evaluation and correction of physical
development but fully understands the methods of
assessing risk factors . With the matter , said confidently ,
has fine views. Actively involved in interactive games .
Situational problem gives partial solutions .
Actively involved in the development of practical skills
, but there are 3-4 mistakes in their implementation .
CPC prepared good quality (abstract, slides) using at
least 5-8 online sources and literature in recent years.
Good
Correct , but incomplete coverage of the issue .
«4»
Student knows about the problems of sports medicine
and medical monitoring for exercise and sports, athletes
survey scheme , physical development, but incomplete
lists methods of examination, evaluation and correction of
physical development . With the matter , said confidently
, has fine views. Actively involved in interactive games .
Situational problem gives partial solutions .
Actively involved in the development of practical skills
, but there are 3-4 mistakes in their implementation .
CPC prepared good quality (abstract, slides) using at
least 3-5 online sources and literature in recent years.
Satisfacto
on the correct answer half of the questions . Student
ry «3»
knows about the problems of sports medicine and
medical monitoring for exercise and sports, athletes
survey scheme , physical development, but poorly versed
in the methods of examination, evaluation and correction
of physical development . With the matter , said
uncertainly , has accurate representations only on specific
issues theme. Situational problems are solved correctly ,
but there is no justification response. Passive when
138
8.
61-65%
9.
55-60%
10. 31-54%
dissatisfa
ction «2»
discussing CDS. Passive during the development of
practical skills , makes mistakes when they are executed .
correct answer half of the questions . Student knows
about the problems of sports medicine and medical
monitoring for exercise and sports, athletes survey
scheme , physical development, but poorly versed in the
methods of examination, evaluation and correction of
physical development . With the matter , said
uncertainly , has accurate representations only on
specific issues theme. Situational problems are solved
correctly , but there is no justification response.
Passive during the development of practical skills ,
makes mistakes when they are executed .
CPC prepared satisfactorily designed (abstract, slides)
using at least 2-3 online sources and literature in recent
years. Passive when discussing CDS.
correct answer to 40 % of the questions . Student
knows about the problems of sports medicine and
medical monitoring for exercise and sports, athletes
survey scheme , physical development, but poorly versed
in the methods of examination, evaluation and correction
of physical development . With the matter , said
uncertainly , has accurate representations only on specific
issues theme. Situational problems are solved correctly ,
but there is no justification response.
Passive during the development of practical skills ,
makes mistakes when they are executed .
CPC prepared satisfactorily designed (abstract, slides)
using at least 2-3 online sources and literature in recent
years. The abstract mistakes , broken logical sequence of
topics subject was not disclosed . Improper design of
slides and posters. Passive when discussing CDS.
less than 40% coverage of the issues in the wrong
approach. Student does not know about the problems of
sports medicine and medical monitoring for exercise and
sports, athletes survey scheme , physical development.
Practically versed in the methods of examination,
evaluation and correction of physical development .
Homework is not satisfied.
Passive during the development of practical skills ,
making numerous mistakes in their implementation .
139
11. 20-30%
dissatisfa
ction «2»
CDS performed with numerous errors , using only 1-2
online sources and literature, poorly framed , the student
can not present their work . Passive when discussing CDS.
"2" is present on the student practical training in the
proper form , there is a workbook . Questions not
answers. Do not know about the problems of sports
medicine and medical monitoring for exercise and sports,
athletes survey scheme , physical development. Not
involved in the development of practical skills.
Homework is not satisfied. CDS is not prepared .
Passive in class . Violates discipline prevents conduct
classes .
16. Quiz Questions
1. Give the concept of the term " physical performance "
2 . By what quizs can determine the Fed ?
3 . In what sports athletes are more often used quizs to determine the Fed ?
4 . Tell the principle of quiz PWC170.
5 . How is the step quiz ? Formula Harvard step quiz.
6. List the tasks of medical- pedagogical observation.
7. What types of training effects you know ?
8. Describe term training effect .
9. Describe the retired training effect .
10 . Describe the cumulative training effect .
11. Tasks landmark comprehensive studies of athletes.
12. Tasks current surveys .
13. Operational research problem .
14. What types of reactions to stress during operational control, you know?
15. Give the definition of the term "physiological load curve ," as it is being built ?
16. Give the concept of the term " density classes ."
17. What are the principles built training process and separate each workout (
what parts is load balancing ) ?
18. What medical group to engaged in physical training , you know?
19. Principles for the distribution of students in the medical group.
20. List contraindications for admission to the physical education and sports.
21. What prepathological and pathological conditions in athletes you know ?
22. Describe the state of fatigue.
23. What degree of fatigue , you know?
24. Describe the state of overtraining.
25. What methods of correction prepathological states you know ?
140
17.Recomended literature
Main Reading
1. Epifanov VA Apanasenko RL " Physical therapy and medical supervision ",
Moscow, 1990
2 . Chogovadze AV, IM Round " Medical control physical education and sport " ,
Moscow, 1987 .
Further Reading
1.Epifanov VA Therapeutic exercise , Moscow, 2003
2.Epifanov VA physical therapy and sports medicine . M. 2000
3.Dembo AG Medical control in sport. M. : Medical , 1988
4.Zhuravleva AI, ND Graevskii Sports medicine and physical education. Manual M.
, 1993
5.Lektsionnye materials and pedagogical development .
6.Aulik IV Determination of physical performance in the clinic and sports. M.1990
7.Karpman VL Sports Medicine . M. 1987
8.Karpman VL Heart and sports. Moscow, 1990
9.Dembo AG, EV Zemtsovskg Sports cardiology . M.1989
10.Rihsieva OA Massage T. , 1996
11.Eryshev OF Life without drugs . C: -P. Publisher "Pioneer" , Moscow, Astrel ,
ACT 2001
12.Sportivnaya medicine . Ed. A.V.Chogovadze Moscow, Moscow , 1984
13.Vinogradov PA Dushanin AP Zholdak VI Fundamentals of physical culture and
healthy lifestyle. Moscow, 1996
14.Volozhin AI Subbotin, JK, SJ Chikin Way to Health . Moscow, 1987
GM 15.Kukolevskg Medical supervision for athletes. M. , 1975
16.Natalov GG Introduction to physical culture . Krasnodar , 1995
17.www.doktor.ru, www. medinfo. home.ml.or
ANNEX 1
Quizs to monitor the level of knowledge on the lesson number 3
1. Specify the purpose of the medical- pedagogical observation
A. admission to employment
B. functional quizs
C. assessment of the impact on the body engaged in physical activity *
D. definition of stamina
E. Group distribution
2 . Call - sign criterion average degree of fatigue :
A. mimicry regular
141
B. cyanosis of the face
C. skin color - a significant redness *
D. Sweating is not expressed
E. movement - Rocking
3 . Specify the initial stage of the submaximal quiz PWC- 170 :
A. measurement of respiratory rate after 1st load
B. determination of the 1st load on the main exchange
C. determination of the 1st load quiz weight *
D. 3 pedaling minute at 50 revolutions per minute
E. measurement of respiratory rate after 2nd load
4 . Type of reaction when overtraining :
A. stage
B. hypotonic
C. dystonic *
D. hypertonic
E. normotonicheskg
5 . Objective assessment of the degree of fitness is carried out in a quiz :
A. Letunova
B. Martin
C. PWC170 *
D. Rosenthal
E. Valsalavy
6.Fiziologicheskaya curve is made according to :
A. signs of fatigue
B. density classes
C. pulse *
D. physical activity
E. spirometry
7. What are the criteria under which persons engaged in physical activity , refer to
the major medical group :
A. healthy people with low physical development
B. persons without variations in health status *
C. persons with high physical development *
D. insufficient physical development
142
8. Specify criteria under which persons engaged in physical activity , refer to the
preparatory group :
A. patients with good physical preparation
B. patients with good physical development
C. insufficient physical development *
D. reduced functional performance *
9. Select medical groups for physical education classes
A. basic *
B. preparatory *
C. special *
D. more
E. total
F. health group
10 . Call - signs criteria unacceptable degree of fatigue :
A. cyanosis of the face *
B. incoordination *
C. movement - Rocking *
D. sweating upper body
E. leather - hyperemia
F. skin color - sharp redness, blanching
11. Select quizs for evaluation of physical performance :
A. bicycle stress quiz *
B. PWC- 170 quiz *
C. Harvard step quiz *
D. Martin quiz
E. quiz Letunova
F. clinoorthostatic
12. Immediately during exercise (whether executed on the specific stress ) usually
analyzed :
A. external signs of fatigue *
B. dynamics of heart rate *
C. the dynamics of the respiratory rate *
D. the functional state of the neuromuscular apparatus
E. functional state of the external breathing
F. morphological indicators of blood
13. The main group for exercising children include :
143
A. healthy *
B. no lag in physical development *
C. with a good functional state of the organism *
D. rarely ill
E. involved in sports
F. those with chronic disease in remission
14. Call medical control tasks :
A) preparation of complexes of physiotherapy
B) determining the physical development *
C) to determine the state of health *
D) determination of the functional state of the body *
E) conducting classes in a special group
F) organizational and methodological guidance
15. What are the criteria by which persons engaged in physical activity , refer to
the major medical group :
A) patients with average physical development
B) healthy people with low physical development
C) a person without variations in health status *
D) patients with high physical development
E) people with minor physical disabilities *
F) people with quite developed and prepared *
16. During the current control athletes necessarily assess the condition
A) of the autonomic nervous system *
B) musculoskeletal *
C) Cardiovascular System *
D) vestibular
E) of the neuromuscular apparatus
F) reflexes
17. Current control of athletes can be
A) once per week *
B) 3 times a week *
C) If there are 2 training 2 times a day *
D) times per month
E ), 2 times per month
F) every 2 weeks
18. To prepathological states in athletes include:
A. state of fatigue *
B. overvoltage condition leading body systems *
C. overtraining *
D. psycho-emotional stress
144
E. soft tissue injuries
F. weight loss
19. Systematic adequate physical impact load results :
A. economization of physiological functions *
B. decrease in efficiency
C. slowing the aging process *
D. accelerate the process of regeneration
E. expanding reserves physiological functions *
F. increase resistance to pathogenic factors *
G. inhibition of physiological functions
H. acceleration of metabolic processes
20. Contraindications to improving physical training :
A. organic diseases of the central nervous system *
B. early signs of aging
C. CHD with frequent attacks of angina *
D. glaucoma *
E. sleep disorders
F. obesity grade I-II
G. type I diabetes mellitus *
H. osteochondrosis
Questions about medical control
1.Subject medical monitoring and maintenance work.
2. The tasks of medical control.
3. On what three areas used exercise and for what purpose?
4. 3 Specify the type of medical examination and give the concept.
5. On what parameters are sent engaged in physical training in the basic medical
group?
6. On what parameters are sent to engage in physical culture in the pre-med
group?
7. On what parameters are sent to engage in physical culture in a special medical
team?
8. What is the definition of physical development has engaged in physical culture
and sport?
9. What indicators of physical development is determined anthropometry?
10. Definitions and methods of measurement of weight.
11. Definitions and methods of measurement of growth.
12. Definitions and methods of measuring the circumference of the chest.
13. Definitions and methods of measurement of muscle strength (dynamometer).
14. Definitions and methods of measurement of the VC.
15. Evaluation of physical development by standards.
145
16. Evaluation of physical development by the indices.
17. Evaluation of physical development by correlation.
18. To what end is held somatoskopiya?
19. Shape of the chest.
20. Leg shape.
21. Types of posture.
22. How important is determining the shape of the feet?
23. How is the method plantography?
24. What is in anthropometry?
25. What is included in the external examination?
26. Indicators characterizing the functional state of the respiratory apparatus?
27. Why use a method spirography?
28. What is fashion?
29. What is tidal volume?
30. What is the reserve capacity breaths?
31. How to determine the depth of respiration spirogram?
32. Kalipometriya method and purpose of its use.
33. Degree of fat deposition?
34. Which system has an effect of exercise?
35. Changes occurring in the cardiovascular system.
36. Changes occurring in the respiratory system.
37. Functional quizs of the cardiovascular system.
38. The purpose and methodology of the quiz Letunova.
39. The purpose and methodology of the quiz Martine.
40. Name the five types of the organism's response to physical stress.
41. On what parameters determine the five responses.
42. Characteristic indicators of normotonic reaction.
43. Typical indicators of hypertensive reactions.
44. Characteristic indicators hypotonic reactions.
45. Characteristic indicators dystonic reaction.
46. Typical performance speed response.
47. Functional quizs of the respiratory system.
48. The purpose and methodology of the quiz rod.
49. The purpose and methodology of the quiz Ghencea.
50. The purpose and methodology of the quiz Serkin.
51. The purpose and methodology of the quiz Rosenthal.
52. Functional quizs of the autonomic nervous system.
53. The purpose and methodology of the orthostatic quiz.
54. The purpose and methodology of wedgeorthostatic quiz.
55. Sanitary requirements for sports facilities closed. Sports halls.
56. Sanitary requirements for sports facilities closed. Pools.
146
57. Sanitary requirements for sports facilities closed. Gyms.
58. Sanitary requirements for sports facilities closed. Easy athletic arenas.
59. Sanitary requirements for sports facilities closed. Wrestling halls.
60. Sanitary requirements for sports facilities closed. Boxing ring.
61. Sanitary requirements for sports facilities open. Stadiums.
62. Sanitary requirements for sports facilities open. Pools.
63. Food hygiene athletes.
64. Rest period of athletes.
65. What is the physical performance?
66. Method for determination of physical performance. Submaximal quiz PWC170
67. The methodology of the submaximal quiz, PWC-170
68. Evaluation of physical development.
69. Determine the maximum absorption oxygen.
70. Harvard step quiz.
71. The methodology of the Harvard step quiz.
72. Definition and assessment index Harvard step quiz.
73. Medical and pedagogical supervision.
74. The methodology of the studies and evaluation of the timing (density classes).
75. The methodology of the evaluation and physiological curve.
76. For some seven methods of determining the degree of fatigue.
77. Typical signs of mild fatigue.
78. Typical signs of fatigue moderate.
79. Typical signs of severe fatigue.
80. Frequently occurring pathological conditions in athletes.
81. Doping in sport.
82. Indications and contraindications for physical training and sports.
83. Medical and sports clinic.
84. Tasks, and the sort of the medical and sports clinic.
85. Give the concept of medical physical culture.
86. Methods of treatment of physical therapy.
87. The mechanism of action of exercise.
88. General framework for physical therapy.
89. Remedial gymnastics means.
90. Physical exercise.
91. Gymnastic exercise.
92. Group breathing exercises.
93. Static breathing exercises.
94. Dynamic breathing exercises.
95. Special breathing exercises.
96. Restorative exercise.
97. Exercise on anatomical grounds.
98. Exercise on the basis of activity.
99. Exercise on the basis of the use of gymnastic equipment.
100. Exercise on general grounds.
101. Sports and exercise applications and purpose of use.
147
102. Games and purpose of use.
103. Occupational therapy.
104. Massage Therapy and species.
105. Techniques of massage therapy.
106. The mechanism of action of therapeutic massage.
107. Natural factors of nature.
108. Forms of physical therapy.
109. Forms used in the clinic.
110. The forms used outside the clinic.
111. Motoring LFK.
112. Tasks bed motoring.
113. Tasks of half-bed-rest or motor mode.
114. The problem of free motoring.
115. Methods for evaluating the effectiveness of exercise therapy.
116. Indications and contraindications for the use of remedial gymnastics.
117. Principles of preparation of the complex of gymnastic exercises.
Manipulative materials
Examination of athletes and sportsmen
- Passport data ;
- Life history ;
- Sports history ;
- Anthropometric data ;
- External examination of the data .
.
1.Exacution protocol anamnesis
Data_____________________________ (year, month , day)
1. Overview
Organization Name ____________________________
AMD Sports _________________________________
1. Last name, ____________________________
2 . Date of Birth ____________________________
3 . Paul ____________________________
3 . Home address ____________________________ Telephone____________
4 . Place of work or study_________________________________________
2 . life history
1. Occupation ____________________________
2 . Education ____________________________
3 . Terms of life____________________________
4 . Diet____________________________
5 . Drinking alcohol : random , little , many, often , does not use
148
( underline)
6. Postponed : a) illness____________________________________
b)operations_____________________________________________________
c) injures______________________________________________________
7. Hereditary diseases (diseases in the family) ___________________
3 . General sports history
1. At what age began ( a) engage in sports ? What kind of sports ?
_________________________________________________________________
2 . The main sport at the moment ( starting date, the time, with a break of more
than 6 months , independently, under the guidance of coach )
________________________________________________________________
3 . Dynamics of sports qualification
date
discharge
sport
2 .Protocol of somatoscopy
position of head______________________________________________
position of shoulder_____________________________________________
Location of scapuls_____________________________________
Form of spine______________________Form of abdomen______________
Spine : lordosis________________ kiphosis__________________
scoliosis_______________ _______________________
Lumbar triangles _______________________________________
Epigastric angle _______ Form chest _________________
Form of hand_________________Form of leg____________________
Form feet____________________________________________________
mobility of joints__________________________________________
The development of musculs_____________________________________
Skin: color ______________________ _______________ ,
The
presence
of
pigmentation
,
depigmentation
____________________________
Conclusion According of somatoscopy :
carriage________________________________________________
149
Type of physique_______________________________________________
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Index Pirke ( Beduzi ) calculated by the formula : D - Dc
Dc X 100D- standing body length ; Dc - body length sitting . Value of the index
gives an indication of the relative length of t
he legs: less than 87 % - a small length of the legs ( lower center of gravity ) ,
87 - 92% - is proportional to the ratio between the length of the legs and
torso , more - 92% - a relatively large length of the legs ( high center of gravity
).
Pine index calculated by the formula : D-(M + O), where D - standing body
length in cm, M - weight in kilograms; About - chest circumference in the
expiratory phase , see The smaller Pine index , the better the ( in the absence
of obesity ) . An index less than 10 is rated as a strong constitution , from 10
to 20 - good, from 21 to 25 - the average , from 26 to 35 - is weak, more than
36 - very weak .
Erisman index is calculated as follows : from the chest circumference paused
subtracted half body length . Erisman index averages for men +5,4-6,0 cm for
women +3,8-4,4 see
Massorostovye indexes : Index Quetelet Body Mass Index (BMI ) is calculated
by the formula BMI = M/D2 where M - weight in kg ; D - body length in
meters.
WHO identifies four levels of BMI . Less than 18.5 kg/m2 - low body weight ;
ot18 , 5 to 24.9 - normal weight , 25 to 29.9 - overweight and over 30 obesity .
Index Mahony optimal body weight for men is calculated by the formula [(D /
2,5 x4, 0 ) -128] x 453 = c. For women [(D / 2,5 x3, 5 ) -108] x453 = c.
150
Index method
№ Name of index
Indexes
norm
1 Brock-Busch index
155-165cm
166-175 cm
175-185cm
Height-100
Height-105
Height-110
2 Ketleindex
Weight(gr) / Height(sm)
E=350-400
A=325-375
3 Alive index
ACL(ml) / Weight (kg)
E=60
A=50
4 Palm strength index
Right hand`s strength (kg)
*100%
/ Weight (kg)
strength Back muscles strength
index *100%
/ Weight(kg)
E=70%
A=50%
5 Backmuscles
index
E=220%
A=135-150%
6 Erismann`s
proportion idex
chest Chest case
Height (sm)
*100%
/ E va
A 50-55%
7 Piner`s thoracic strength Height
(Chest 10-15 excellent
index
rounding+Weight )
16-20 good
21-25 moderate
26-30 bad
31 very bad
8 Comparison index
Height(standing up) E=9-10
- Height(sitting) =foot size A= 11-12
2)
Height(sitting)–foot
size = x
1)
151
Cluster
Evaluation of physical well-being
Index
Considera
tional
evaluatio
n
Antropometric
data
correlation
Antropometric
data
Standard
Math indexes
Height,wei
ght, chest
rouinding
Height,
weight, and
chest
rounding
Without
consideratio
n of
person`s
age
More information
бераи
Gives more
information
Height, weight
152
153
154
155
156
Harvard step test
How to conduct the test
This test requires the athlete to step up and down off a gym bench for 5 minutes at a rate 30
steps/minute
1
 The athlete warms up for 10 minutes
2
 The assistant gives the command "GO" and starts the stopwatch
3
 The athlete steps up and down onto a standard gym bench once every two seconds for
five minutes (150 steps)
4
 The assistant stops the test after 5 minutes
5
 The assistant measures the athlete's heart rate (bpm) one minute after finishing the
test - Pulse1
6
 The assistant measures the athlete's heart rate (bpm) two minutes after finishing the
test - Pulse2
7 The assistant measures the athlete's heart rate (bpm) three minutes after finishing the test Pulse3
157
Assessment
Using the three pulse rates (bpm) an estimate of your level of fitness can be determined as follows:
 Result = 30000 ÷ (pulse1 + pulse2 + pulse3)
For an estimate of your level of fitness enter your gender, pulse rates (Pulse 1, Pulse 2 and Pulse 3) and
then select the 'Calculate' button.
Normative data for the Harvard Step Test
The following table is for 16 year old athletes (Beashel and Taylor 1997)[1] using a 45cm step.
Gender
Excellent
Above Average
Average
Below Average
Poor
Male
>90.0
80.0-90.0
65.0-79.9
55.0-64.9
<55
Female
>86.0
76.0-86.0
61.0-75.9
50.0-60.9
<50
158
Cluster
Moderate exhaustion
skin
body
sweetening
breath
motion
self-feeling
• little colored
• permanent
• less
• moderatehigh-rated
• average
• normal
Average exhaustion
skin
body
sweetening
breath
motion
self-feeling
excessed exhaustion
skin
• little colored
body
• fatigue
• little colored
• permanent
• less
sweetening
• less
breath
• high-rated
motion
• average
• low-rated
• uncomfortable
• normal
self-feeling
• normal
159
160
Step of
execution
Weight
estimation
Given 2 different
exertion types
Define the
physical liability
PWC-170
At each exertion
heart rate is
evaluated
5 minutes of
training
3
Exertion rate is
adopted in table
Force of exertion is
estimated by
framework
Put in
veoergometr
161
Physiological exertion of pulse.
Back muscles strength index
I
V
II
I
II
I
t- 5-100 мин.
TRAINED
TRAINED
UNTRAINED
UNTRAINED
162
ACL
Stages
Duration(%) Level
executed
exercises
Introduction 20-30
Basic part
40-50
Conclusion
25-30
of tests
Flesh up
2.
3.
y A
4.
5.
Preparation to 6.
end
1. ECS
xygentherapy
Miotonotherapy
EMG
Tonometry
Biochemical method
163
Glossary
Sports medicine - a single specific area of medical science and practice, is
responsible for providing biomedical training athletes.
The main purpose of sports medicine - biomedical training athletes to compete.
Biomedical training athletes - an integral part of their training in general, designed
to solve a number of problems..
Medical supervision in physical education and sport - the system
medical supervision in the USSR for persons engaged
physical culture and sports, aimed at effective
the use of means and methods of physical education.
Medical - teacher observations in sports practice are of utmost importance. MTO is
held together with a coach , teacher of physical education in the field of training,
competition , physical education - in gyms , stadiums, swimming pools , etc. Forms
of organization and methods of investigation during WH , defined goals and
objectives , as well as the stages of preparation of the athlete , species survey (initial
, in-depth , extra landmark , current ), and other tasks.
Main medical group-Stateless variations in health status , as well as persons with
minor variations in health status , with sufficient physical development and physical
fitness classes
Preparatory medical group Stateless variations in health status , as well as persons
with minor variations in health status , with insufficient physical development and
physical preparedness Things
Special medical group Persons with variations in health status of permanent or
temporary nature, which limits physical activity, committed to the implementation
of educational and industrial work
Physical development - a set of inherited and acquired the morphological and
functional characteristics of the organism that determine its potential , as well as
compliance with the biological age of the passport . Physical development can serve
as criteria for the selection and orientation of sports for various sports .
Method anthropometric standards .. Standards - it's common or group averages
characterizing the mean values for all attributes of the surveyed group ( group
standards) . Average values of attributes corresponding to certain groups are
Rostovs with growth standards.
Physique. It refers to the dimensions , the odds , the proportions and features of the
mutual arrangement of body parts.
Posture . This is a familiar person standing posture ease closed- heels with socks still
deployed at an angle of 45-500
Method indexes. To assess the anthropometric data in the practice of medical
monitoring is not widely used . However, when mass screening to obtain preliminary
information about the physical development , clinical work (especially massorostovye
indicators ) application of the method is justified indexes .
164
Method correlations. Many anthropometric signs of physical development, in
particular , such as length , weight , chest circumference , VC interrelated. The degree
of dependence between the features expressed by the value of the correlation
Coefficient 1 is a direct relationship between the studied traits
(increasing one trait increases the other). Coefficient of -1 means feedback.
Heart dilatation– changes in heart structure by the physical exertion, dilatation of
heart ventricles and atriums
Rate of puls –rate of heart contractions
Harvard step quiz based on detection of heart rate after dosed physical load
and allows the quantification of stroke recovery. Physical activity is climbing on a
step height of 50 cm for men and 43 cm for women. While climbing 5 min , the
frequency rises with the change of feet - 30 times in 1 minute . If the subject is
unable to perform the load for 5 minutes , the time actually recorded the work
done.
Orthostatic quiz . It is noteworthy to assess autonomic status , functional status VNS
. Its holding in its simplest form is to record heart rate in the supine position for 1
minute and standing once for 10 seconds . Assesses the degree of excitability of the
sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system .
Clinostatic quiz . Pulse is recorded in the standing and lying down. We study the
parasympathetic autonomic nervous system excitability . It is characterized by a
decrease in heart rate compared with lying pulse beats standing at 6-12 .
Normotonic type . Characterized by unidirectional, coexisting and adequate
intensity and duration of the work performed by changes in the direction of
increasing heart rate and PD ( pulse pressure ) . Blood supply of the active muscle
occurs due to increase in cardiac output (which indirectly indicates PD) , and heart
rate.
Asthenic type . In this type of reaction increases sharply CVD heart rate is 100
percent or more. Pulse pressure increases by less than 20 %. Thus , the device CAS
for muscular work carried out mainly by heart rate. Endurance ratio ( KV1 ) ,
compared to the quiescent increases by more than 9 items . Recovery time exceeds
5 minutes.
Dystonic type is characterized by the fact that after you have made physical work
auscultatory tone that defines the diastolic blood pressure does not go away , there
is the so-called " infinite tone phenomenon ." There are two variants of dystonic
reaction type . Physiological appears after dynamic work large muscle groups
submaximal and maximal power , and does not depend on the functional state of
health of the subject .
Step type . Most often, this type occurs in response to fast load , for example, 15
seconds running at maximum pace. Suggest that his appearance is associated with a
disorder of mechanisms responsible for the redistribution of blood flow during
physical work and is an early sign of overvoltage condition of the body.
165
Hypertensive type . Depending on the component that contributes to hypertension,
isolated cardiac , vascular and mixed type of hypertension.Hypertensive type on
cardiac component is primarily manifested in the high figures of systolic blood
pressure , which increased by 60 % or more from baseline values. A load of 20
squats systolic blood pressure greater than 160 mmHg Often combined with
hyperkinetic circulation.
Combined quiz Letunova based on the definition of adaptability to different CAS
intensity and duration physical activities . The quiz involves three load .
The first load is like a workout to the next. The second reveals the ability to rapidly
enhance circulation. Third load reveals the body's ability to maintain stable
increased blood circulation at a high level for a relatively long time.
Rosenthal quiz - a fivefold VC dimension with 15 -second intervals . In healthy
people, is then determined by the same or even decreasing figures VC. In cases of
respiratory system or the circulatory system , as well as athletes with fatigue ,
overexertion or overtraining results of repeated measurements of vital capacity
reduced.
Quiz Serkin . Is performed in three phases. Phase 1 : Defines the time during which
the subject can hold his breath for the inspiratory phase in the sitting position , 2 nd
phase is determined by the delay time of breathe inspiratory phase directly after
twenty squats performed for 30 seconds , the third phase through minute repeated
1st phase .
Specific quiz. In these quizs the character perform load simulates activities athlete ,
corresponding to a particular sport. Shadowboxing for the boxer . Rolls stuffed for a
fighter . Doing basketball with throws in the ring for basketball. Work on the cycle
ergometer , rowing machine , respectively, for the cyclist and rower .
Exercise quiz . It can be one, two - and three momentally . If you run a load with 20
squats twice, with an interval of time between them in three minutes - the quiz will
one momentally. Her ability to assess the functional state of the wider after the
second load can judge the organism adaptation systems that load . To three
momentally ( combined ) quiz relates Letunova quiz . It consists of 20 sit-ups , 15 second run at the maximum rate and a 3- minute run at a pace of 180 steps per
minute .
Quizs without physical exertion . Latency exhalations (quiz Stange ) or exhalation
(quiz Genchi ) . Rosenthal quiz , Romberg ortoklinostaticheskie . Quizs with
inhalation of air containing various amounts of oxygen, carbon dioxide . Quizs with
nutritional supplements and pharmacological agents .
Quiz Stange - maximum delay exhalations . Studied in the sitting position after 2-3
deep breaths holding his breath . Stopwatch recorded Breath . In a healthy person, it
is not less than 50-60 s athletes - a few minutes ( 2-3).
Quiz Genchi - duration breath you exhale . In the sitting position after a normal (not
maximum ) holds his breath exhalation analyzed . Fixed delay time with a stopwatch
166
; healthy it is 25-30 seconds. By reducing the resistance to hypoxia and low O2
concentration in the blood, breath duration of inspiration and expiration decreases.
Themes of papers
Healthy life style
Influence physical exercise to physical development, healthy status, development
of inner organsand functional status of organism
1. Forms of somatotypes ( significance of constitution in early sport
selection).
Principes sport selections, to mark type of sport for teenagers in bases
anthropometrical and somathoscopical parametres.
Properties of heart of sportsmen.
Anatomical physiological properties of heart. Changes in the heart by physical
exercises. To indicate length of sportmens heart (telerent-genemetry,
echocardiography)and methods of estimate.
Functional examinations in sport medicine.
To definite about clinical and paraclinical methods of estimate functional status,
labaratorical and instrumental examination of sportmen’s systems.
Dietology of sport .
Functional and morphological changes in organism by gradually training with sport.
Dietary habits and rations.
Hygienical requirements for sport buildings.
Hygienical requirements for opened and closed sport buildings, sport invertars and
to comply with them.
167
Doping and sport.
Definition about sport. Types . Changes in organism by using doping and their
influence to organism.
injures of sport
Definition about sport injures, classification, etiology, mechanism and prevention
procedures of them.
pharmacology of sport
Particular features of course of deseases in sportsmen, influence of
pharmacological preparations, remedies. Influence of drugs for functional status of
systems.
Ambulance in sport trains.
To introduce with bases of first aid in injures and severe fatigue of sportsmen
Particular features of distribution to specific medical groups.
Definition about specific medical group. First time and course of training in specific
medical group with pations.
LITERATURE
Main books:
1.Dubrovskiy V.A.Sportivnaya myedisina. 2007y.
2.yepifanov V.A. Apanasyenko R.L M Lyechyebnaya fizkultura i vrachyebny kontrol
M.1990
3.yepifanov V.A Lyechyebnaya fizkultura i sportivnaya myedisina. M. 2000 y.
4.Choyovadzye A.V. Kruyly I.M. Vrachyebny kontrol v fizichyeskom vospitanii i
sportye M.1987.
5.Dyembo A.Y, Vrachyebny kontrol v sportye. M.: Myedisina, 1988
6.Juravlyova A.I., Yrayevskaya N.D.
Sportivnaya myedisina i lyechyebnaya
fizichyeskaya kultura. Rukovodstvo M., 1993
7.Lyeksionnye matyerial i uchyebno-myetodichyeskiye razrabotki.
Adittional :
1.Aulik I.V. Opryedyelyeniye fizichyeskoy rabotosposobnosti v klinikye i sportye.
M.1990 y.
2.Karpman V.L Sportivnaya myedisina. M. 1987 y.
3.Karpman V.L. Syerdsye i sport. M. 1990 y.
4.Dyembo A.Y., Zyemsovskiy E.V. Sportivnaya kardioloyiya. M.1989 y.
5.Rixsiyeva O.A. Massaj T., 1996
6.yershyev O.F. Jizn byez narkotikov. S:P. Izdatyelstvo «Pionyer», Moskva Astryel,
2001
168
7.Sportivnaya myedisina Pod ryed. A.V.Choyovadzye M.,Moskva, 1984
8.Vinoyradov P.A., Dushanin A.P., Joldak V.I. Osnov fizichyeskoy kultur i zdorovy
obraz jizni Moskva, 1996
9.Volojin A.I., Subbotin Yu.K., Chikin S.Ya. Put k zdorovyu Moskva, 1987
10.Kukolyevskiy Y.M. Vrachyebnoye nablyudyeniya za sportsmyenami M., 1975
11.Myedisinskiye osnov fizichyeskoyo vospitaniya i formirovaniya zdorovya i
yarmonichnoyo razvitiya dyetyey i podrostkov» prof. Nazirov F.Y. prof. Axmyedova
D.M. prof. Suyumov F.A. dos. Vasilyev V.D, prof. Shayxova Y.I. Tashkyent, 2003.
Foreign literature:
1. Consuelo T Lorenzo et al. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Medscape
Reference 2011 – WebMD
2. Marlis Gonzalez-Fernandez, MD, PhD, Jarrod David Friedman, MDPhysical
Medicine and Rehabilitation Pocket Companion
3. Mark Harrast, MD, Jonathan Finnoff, DOSports MedicineStudy Guide and Review
for Boards
4. Sara J. Cuccurullo (Editor)Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Board Review
2004 - Demos Medical Publishing, 848 pp.
5. Teylor S.B., Miller N.H. “Basic physiologic principils relatied to Group exirsise
programs” Filadelphiya 1990
6. Tehaxton L. “Phithiological and psythological effects of short term
exirsiseeddiction on habitual runners.” 1992 96.
7. Wainapel, Stanley F.; Fast, Avital (Editors)Alternative Medicine and
RehabilitationA Guide for Practitioners2003 - Demos Medical Publishing.
www.doktor.ru
www. medinfo. home.ml.org
http://www.restart-med.ru
http://www.mirmed.ru
http://micropolarization.narod.ru
http://skolioz.mccinet.ru
http://www.sportpsy.cz
www. aapmr.org
www.alhealth.com
www.docguide.com
www.healthweb.com
www.acsm.org
www.apta.org
www.sportsmed.org
www.jphysiol.org
www.physsportmed.com
www.sportsmedicine.com
169
REPUBLIC UZBEKISTAN MINISTRY OF HEALTH
THE TASHKENT MEDICAL ACADEMY
CONFIRMED BY
The vice-rector on curricular issues
Prof. Teshaev O.R
____________________
«________» ___________ 2014y.
Chair of National medicine, reabilitilogy and a physical education
Subject: physiotherapy exercises
For students 4 courses of medical and medico-pedagogical faculty)
Lecture number 1 Objectives and content of medical supervision. Medical
examination of the different segment of the population engaged in physical culture
and sports. Medical exercises dispensary.
TASHKENT 2014
170
The technology of training is confirmed:
At faculty meeting № ______ from __________ 2014
The technology of training is discussed and confirmed on therapeutic section CMC of
the Tashkent medical academy № ____ from _________ 2014
The chairman of the prof. phD Karimov M. Sh.
171
Technology of teaching
Amount of students
Form of sesion
Time 90 min
Lecture
Plan of lecture:
Theme of lecture
2. Objectives and content of medical
supervision.
3. Medical examination of the different
segment of the population engaged in
physical culture and sports.
4. Medical exercises dispensary.
The purpose of the lecture : to consolidate and deepen the knowledge of the
content of the subject VC on the concept of physical development and its methods
of study and evaluation , develop the skill of anthropometry and somatoscopy ,
teach and conduct conclusion be correct physical development.
Objectives of teacher:
1. Results of lecture:
To teach:
2. After listening lecture students can answers:
• The concept of sports 3.
medicine , medical monitoring
1. What does mean medical supervision?
tasks .
2.What kind of types of medical
• Basic medical examinations of
examinations do you know?
athletes
and
sportsmen
3. what changes may appear in systems of
(primary , landmark , additional
organism by physical exertion?
, urgent ) .
4.What are the object of study sports
• The concept of physical medicine and medical supervision.
development
and
the
5. What are the current problems ( urgent )
importance of it for sports
medical examination of athletes and
selection .
sportsmen.
. Make offers graphic organizer a cluster on " Evaluation Criteria
of physical development ."
Learning Methods
Forms of organization
learning activities
Form of teching
State of teaching
Discussion , conversation , technology : Graphic
Organizer - categorical table "Medical Group ."
of Individual work , group work, team .
groupp
auditory
172
Technological cart of lecture
Steps , time – Activity
90 min.
Teacher
1 step
1. announce the topic, purpose, results
introduction (5 and plans of lecture.
min.)
2 step
2.1. Students ask questions for gathering
Gathering
of knowledge:
knowledge
1. What does mean medical supervision?
(15min)
2.What kind of types of medical
examinations do you know?
3. what changes may appear in systems
of organism by physical exertion?
2.2. Introduse with purpose of lecture.
3 step
3.1. Materials of lecture are explaned
To
give step by step and asked questions.
information
First question: What are the object of
(60 minutes) study sports medicine and medical
supervision.
Second question: What are the current
problems ( urgent ) medical examination
of athletes and sportsmen.
4step
3.1. Give the questions:
Ending
What are the primary tasks of medical
(10 step)
examination of athletes and sportsmen.
Name the task landmark medical
examination of athletes and sportsmen.
Students
1. listen
2.1. Answer
questions .
2.2.
to
To learn
the
purpose
of lecture.
3.1. To discuss
giving informations
4.1.to answer the
questions
4.2. listen write
173
Lecture number 1 Objectives and content of medical supervision. Medical
examination of the different segment of the population engaged in physical culture
and sports. Medical exercises dispensary.
Contact medicine and physical culture is rooted in antiquity. Hippocrates, the
father of medicine recognized, who lived in the V. BC highly valued the importance
of exercise - and as sanitizer, and as a treatment for patients. Physical Culture and
Sports at the moment is an important factor and all-round development of human
perception, strengthening its health, improve efficiency, active and creative
longevity.
In our country, the world's first medical observations became mandatory for all
athletes and sportsmen. The system of medical support persons engaged in physical
culture and sport called medical supervision in physical education.
Medical control is important in the scientific substantiation of the theory and
practice of the Russian system of physical education. Together with a range of other
scientific disciplines: physiology, biochemistry and health exercise, sports
traumatology - medical control is sports medicine. As a scientific discipline, medical
supervision, is an independent branch of medical science that studies the state of
health, physical development and functionality of the persons regularly engaged in
physical exercises and sports.
The main objective of medical control in physical education - promoting the
effective use of means and methods of physical education to promote health,
improve physical development and physical fitness of workers in our country.
Contents of medical control
1. Organizational methodical development (business coach).
2. Medical examination.
3. Medical consultation.
4. Medical - pedagogical supervision.
5. Honey. providing sports activities (training and competition)
6. Prevention of sports injuries.
7. San. - Clearance work (room lighting in the pool if the titer of transparency.)
Organisation of medical control is:
1. Health surveillance, physical development and operability of persons engaged in
physical exercises and sports.
2. Observation of the proper use of tools and methods of physical education by
gender, age, state of health and physical fitness involved, prevention and
elimination of the negative phenomena in the process of training.
174
3. Supervision of hygienic conditions locations occupations warning sports injuries
and their treatment.
The main form of VK - Medical examination.
Held primary, recurrent and additional examinations.
In primary medical examination - a doctor decides on the admission of physical
culture and sports. Without permission of a doctor or coach physical education
teacher has no right to allow the beginner to employment. During the medical
examination of the determinants of health, physical development and adaptability
of the organism to exercise stress.
In repeated medical examinations - determined influence of regular physical training
and sports health.
Additional medical examinations - are organized to address the issue of the
admission of athletes to compete, as well as to address the issue of the possibility to
start training after an illness or injury after long breaks in employment, with
symptoms of fatigue (on the recommendation of coaches or athletes at the
request).
There are three medical groups for lessons on nat. education.
1 Basic - persons without variations in health status,
persons with minor variations in health status. persons with sufficient physical
development
2 Preparatory - insufficient physical development, poor physical fitness, no
deviations or minor variations in health status.
Special 3 - persons with a significant, permanent change in the physical
development and health. In
this group are assigned special exercises aimed at improving the health and physical
development.
Other forms of VK are medical-pedagogical monitoring during physical exercise,
hygienic monitoring of places and conditions of employment on physical culture and
sports. prevention of sports injuries and illness, medical services, recreational sports
camps, sanitary - Outreach and promotion of physical culture and sports.
Medical examination may be conducted in laboratory conditions and in sports
activities. Comprehensive medical examination in the laboratory includes the
following methods.
• common set of methods - analysis of general and sports, the definition of physical
development, physical examination systems and organs, combined functional quiz,
clinical blood and urine quizs, ECG, chest Ro, rentgegnokimografiya heart;
instumentalnih additional complex methods.
• In sports activities apply methods: measuring the impact of training sessions using
indicators pulse rate, respiratory rate, krovyannogo pressure dynamometer.
Spirometry, body weight and additional instumentalnye methods; quizs with
175
repeated loads using indicators pulse and respiration, determine krovyannogo
pressure check outward signs of fatigue, according to the subjective sensations and
more instrumental methods.
• Medical examination covers all university students and conducted in accordance
with the instructions on the organization of follow-up for students in physical
education universities in the country, entered into force in 1972.
At the beginning of the school year, students are required to attend a medical
examination, anthropometric measurements. Periodic medical examinations
engaged in physical culture and sports are held at least once a year. Individual
students by a doctor or a teacher pass physicals again.
Physical development is determined by endogenous (internal), exogenous
(external), and socio-economic factors. Studying individual physical development is
conducted by calculating the various morphological parameters, such as height,
weight, body fat it, muscle and bone mass, etc. adults in the study of these
morphological features are the criterion of physical condition of the body, and for
children, in addition to criteria of the correctness of their growth and development.
Physical development of an adult does not remain unchanged. Especially when they
vary distinctly human aging. Therefore it is necessary to take into account
compliance with the physical development stage of biological development.
Criteria and physical development are the different physical characteristics. Under
the constitution refers to the size, shape, aspect ratio (the ratio of some other body
size) and features the mutual disposition of the body. Features of physical
development and the human body is largely determined by its constitution.
Constitution of the person, which is manifested, in particular, customs body,
depends on genetic factors, previous diseases, working conditions, physical exercise
and sports.
The basic methods of physical development are external examination
(somatoskopiya) and anthropometry.
Somatoskopiya. The skin is described as a smooth, clean, dry, firm, flabby, etc.
External examination begins with an assessment of posture. Posture - is a familiar
pose human comportment standing and sitting. Posture is usually assessed in a
standing position. Posture examined from head to toe. Head position is assessed in
relation to the position of the torso. Distinguished: normal, stooping, lordotic,
kgphotic posture and straightened. Then proceed to the description of the shoulder
girdle. Shape of the chest is determined when viewed in profile and full face. Pay
attention to the value of epigastric angle, the direction of the lower ribs and the
shape of the line defining the front chest. Distinguish thorax cylindrical, flat, conical.
Thorax can be mixed forms occur pathological forms of chest (chicken breast, chest
cobbler other deformation and asymmetry). Great importance is given to the
description of the spine. Determined by the severity of the physiological curves of
176
the spine to define the form back. Depth curves with respect to the vertical axis is an
average of 2-4 cm back the following forms: normal, Paloschi, round, roundish.
Also evaluated the form of legs, the shape of the foot. There are 4 foot shape:
There are 3 forms of the legs:
1 right (straight) - when the longitudinal axis of the femur and tibia are the same,
and the inner surface of the knee and ankle joints in contact.
2 X-shaped - when the internal surfaces of the knee are touching, and between the
ankle has some distance (axis of the tibia and femur an angle, open outwards)
O-3 - when the internal surfaces of the ankles touching (femur and tibia axis form an
angle, open inwards).
To determine the shape of the foot support surface inspect it and pay attention to
the width of the isthmus connecting the heel area to the front part of the foot. In
normal foot narrow isthmus vertical axis are aligned strictly perpendicular to the
surface of the support. When flattened foot wide isthmus, line it somewhat convex
outer edge. When Flatfoot isthmus occupies almost the entire width of the oftenaxis with the axis of the heel tendon ahilovogo form an angle, open outwards. In
addition to inspection can apply methods for foot-prints (platografiya). Persistent
clear prints produced using tannin and iron sesquichloride.
There are 4 foot shape:
Normal 1
2 flattened
3 flat
4 hollow
Degree of muscle development is assessed as good, average, poor. Determined by
the uniformity of its development and
relief that as emphasized drawing muscles. Thickness skin-fat folds measured special
compass-kalipermetrom. To determine the body fat is generally measured thickness
of the folds in the following body parts:
1) the area under the lower-back angle of the scapula
2) the stomach area - right near the navel
3) the chest - on the edge of the axillary
4) The front surface of the shoulder, over the biceps, the back surface of the
shoulder, over the triceps muscle
5) the anterior surface of the forearm, on the inner surface of the right forearm, the
front of the thigh-over rectus femoris, slightly below the inguinal ligament
6) on the back of the leg - in the outer head of the gastrocnemius muscle.
3 may be the degree of development zhirootlozhenija: below average, average and
above average. With an average value zhirootlozhenija folds is 1-3 cm below
average, less than 1 cm above the average, more than 3 cm
177
Anthropometry. When anthropometric studies athletes typically define the
following parameters: standing and sitting height, body weight, diameter - the width
of the shoulders, anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the thorax, pelvis
width, circumference, neck, chest, shoulders. Femur and tibia, the length of the
limbs and the individual segments. Basic physical development is the height, weight
and chest circumference. Determines the magnitude of lung capacity, measured
muscle strength of hand and back (becomes a force).
Physical development is estimated 3 - methods:
1. Method standards - the physical development of the individual by this method is
carried out by comparing its physical development to the average (standards) that
age sex group to which it belongs.
2. Correlation method - Evaluation of physical development of the individual
correlation scale regression method enables the assessment of physical
development on a set of core indicators (height, weight, chest circumference). As a
benchmark used by the body length, with respect to which the determined value
somatometric other attributes (ie, consider the appropriate body weight and chest
circumference length of the body). To this end, the scale growth rate regression are
subject, as well as appropriate to the magnitude of increase in body weight. Then,
the body weight of the subject compared with the calculated and the proper
difference between them. The degree of reduction (minus sign) or increase (plus
sign) in the value of the indicator is expressed sigmalnogo deviation for which the
resulting difference divided by the sum of the corresponding regression (σR).
Likewise, determine the magnitude of the deviation from the chest circumference of
the subject due to its growth.
3. Method performance indices:
Applies only to a rough estimation of the accuracy of the assessment of
anthropometric dannyh.Nedostatochnaya the indices associated with the fact that
they are usually not taken into account age, occupation, and more.
Medical exercises dispensary.
WFM-1 is a health care institution intended for the implementation of medical
support athletes and organizational-methodical management staging medical
supervision and physical therapy in health care.
2 Manual medical exercises dispensary and control
their activities by the health authorities to subordination.
3 In accordance with its purpose medical exercises dispensary:
a) provides organizational guidance, supervision and advice to medical institutions
for organizing and conducting follow-up of physical fitness and sports;
b) provides clinical supervision and provide appropriate treatment in athletes
attached to the dispensary;
178
c) organize and conduct activities for the rehabilitation of athletes after injuries and
diseases.
g) organizes and provides medical care for sports events and competitions, bringing
to this work, as appropriate, other health care facilities.
4 WFM can be used as a clinical site for training and retraining of medical and
paramedical staff.
5 Dispensary shall work closely with the Committee on Physical Culture and Sport.
6 States medical exercises dispensary established by the applicable staff regulations
and standard states.
7 WFM-headed chief physician.
8-WDF has a seal and stamp with its name.
WFM-9 is the State budget institution is on a self-estimate and represents a financial
report to the health authority for subordination.
1. Literature:
2. 1.V.A.yepifanov, Y.L.Apanasyenko Lyechyebnaya fizkultura i vrachyebny kontrol
M., «Myedisina» 1990 y.
3. 2.A.V.Choyovadzye, M.M.Kruyly
Vrachyebny kontrol v fizichyeskom
vospitanii i sportye Moskva, «Myedisina», 1977 y.
4. 3.I.V.Aulik Opryedyelyeniye fizichyeskoy rabotosposobnosti v klinikge i sportye
Moskva, «Myedisina», 1990 y.
5. 4.V.A.yepifanov Lyechyebnaya fizkultura i sportivnaya myedisina M.,2000 y.
6. 5.V.L.Karpman
Syerdsye i sport M., 1990 y.
7. 6.V.L.Karpman
Sportivnaya myedisina M., 1987 y.
8. 7.Sportivnaya myedisina
Pod ryed. A.V.Choyovadzye M., Moskva, 1984y.
8.Ma'ruza matnlari va uv uslubiy qo‘llanmalar.
9. Teylor S.B., Miller N.H. “Basic physiologic principils relatied to Group exirsise
programs” Filadelphiya 1990
10.Tehaxton L. “Phithiological and psythological effects of short term exirsise
eddiction on habitual runners.” 1992 96.
11.Marlis Gonzalez-Fernandez, MD, PhD, Jarrod David Friedman, MD Physical
Medicine and Rehabilitation Pocket Companion
12.Mark Harrast, MD, Jonathan Finnoff, DO Sports MedicineStudy Guide and Review
for Boards
13.Wainapel, Stanley F.; Fast, Avital (Editors)Alternative Medicine and
RehabilitationA Guide for Practitioners2003 - Demos Medical Publishing
14.Consuelo T Lorenzo et al. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Medscape
Reference 2011 – WebMD
15.Sara J. Cuccurullo (Editor)Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Board Review
2004 - Demos Medical Publishing, 848 pp.
179
http://www.lib.uiowa.edu/hardin/md/index.html,http://dir.rusmedserv.c,http://ww
w.medlinks.ru/,http://www.kosmix.com/,http://www.medpoisk.ru/,http://www.tri
pdatabase.com/,h
ttp://www.klinrek.ru/cgibin/mbook,http://www.intute.ac.uk/medicine/
http://elibrary.ruhttp://www.freebooks4doctors.com/ http://www.medscape.com/
http://www.meducation.net/ http://www.thecochranelibrary.com
Annotations
Lecture number 1 Objectives and content of medical supervision. Medical
examination of the different segment of the population engaged in physical culture
and sports. Medical exercises dispensary.
Writers:
Adilov Sh. K.
Visogorceva .N.
Sharipov U. A.
Objectives and content of follow-up for dealing with physical education, sports,
exercise. Familiarity with the work in sports medicine and physical therapy in the
medical physical culture dispensary.Familiarization with the circuit medical
examination engaged in physical culture and sports. Research and evaluation of
physical development, build, features of the musculoskeletal system;
recommendations for correction of violations of physical development.
About writers
Adilov Sh. K.
Associate prof. Of Chair of National medicine,
reabilitilogy and a physical education
Visogorceva .N.
Teacher of Chair of National medicine,
reabilitilogy and a physical education
Sharipov U. A.
Assictent of Chair of National medicine,
reabilitilogy and a physical education
180
THE NATIONAL PROGRAM
ON SHOTS
(It is confirmed by the Law of Republic Uzbekistan from 29 ugust 1997 y.)
General provisions
The republic Uzbekistan carries out constructionyandyy the societies, the
rights providing observance and freedom of the person, spiritual updating of a
society, formation of the socially-focused market economy,in the world community.
Y the purpose and motive power of transformations realised in republic is the
person,y development and y, creation of conditions and effective mechanisms of
realisation of interests of the person, change of the become obsolete stereotypes of
thinking and behaviour. The important condition of development of Uzbekistan is
formation of perfect system shots on a basis yyheritages of the people and universal
values, achievements of modern culture, economy, a science, technics and y.
Nationalonshots corresponds to positions of the Law of Republic Uzbekistan
"About education", it is developed on the basis of the analysisexperience,
proceeding from world achievements in an education system and it is focused on
formationgenerations of shots with high general and professional culture, creative
and social activity, ability independently to be guided in the political life, capable to
put and solve a problem by prospect.
y provides realisation of national model preparation shots, creation social and
economic, legal, psiholoyo-pedayoyicheskih and other conditions for formation of
comprehensively developed person, adaptation to a life in a modern changing
society,a choice anddevelopment educational and professional y, education y,
understanding the civil responsibility,and a family.
1. Problems and preconditionssystem transformations preparation shots
1.1.a level of development
Finding by Republic Uzbekistan yy the sovereignty, a choicea
wayanddevelopments have causedof structure and maintenances preparation shots,
have caused acceptance of some measures: Law introduction "About education"
(1992 y.); introduction of new curricula, y, textbooks, working outy maintenance;
realisation of certification and accreditation of educational institutions; creation of
new types of educational institutions.
In sphereeducations the network
kindergartens and complexes "a
kindergarten - school" develops. It is created more than 800on training of children
to foreign languages, y, to graphic and musical art, bases computer y.
The network of schools and general educational educational institutionstype
develops. 238 lycées and 136function. "Economic education", "Rural school",
"Rehabilitation of children with deviations in development" andare realised target
programm "y ", " ".
In republic comprehensive schools work over 435 thousand teachers from
which 73 percent have higher education.
181
It is begunprofessionally-tehnicheskoyo educations taking into account
territorial features of formation of a labour market, first of all in a countryside. In
this system 442 educational institutions, including - 209 vocational schools, 180
professional lycées and 53 business schools with the generalpupils 221 thousand
person nowadays function. In educational institutionsy educations work now about
20 thousand teachers and the qualified experts.
In republic 258 educational institutionsy educations withpupils of 197
thousand persons operate. In them works about 16 thousand teachers and
engineering-pedayoyicheskih workers.
The system of the higher school of Uzbekistan includes 58 higher educational
institutions, including 16 universities, 12 from which are created for first twoy
developments of Uzbekistan and 42 institutes withstudents of 164 thousand
persons. In high schools of 52 percent of the doctor and candidates of sciences work
18,5 thousand teachers, from them. In higher education decentralisation
andpreparation shots is spent, the network of educational institutions extends,
receives development a university education. It is begunshots in new branches of
knowledge, higher school transition onsystem is carried out.
Take rootmethods of an estimation of level of knowledge of entrants and
students on the basis of testing and yy the control.
According to increased requirements to quality scientific and scientificallypedayoyicheskih top skills shots it is carried outshots in postgraduate study and
doctoral studies. The Higher certifying commission is created. In republic it is trained
about 4 thousand post-graduate students, from them of 69 percent - in
systemeducations and 31 percent - in scientific research institutes. 8 percent make
of an aggregate number scientific and scientifically-pedayoyicheskih shots of the
doctor of sciences and candidates of sciences - 37 percent.
In system of improvement of professional skill and preparation shots 23
institutes, 16 faculties, 4 centres and 14 courses of improvement of qualification
function.
It is spent purposefula policy on support of presented children and studying
youth. The special centres and funds on revealing of talented young men and girls,
assistance rendering, creation of conditions for development of their abilities and
talents,training and training of capable youth in leaders foreign educational and
centres of science are created.
International contacts in science and education sphere extend.
Nevertheless, spent transformations have not provided conformity of growth
of quality preparation shots to requirements socially -country development.
1.2. Lacks and problems
preparation shots it is necessary to carry its discrepancy to requirements of
the democratic and market transformations, insufficient financially - technical and
information base to number of the most essential lacks of operating systemprocess,
182
shortage highly skilled yy shots, the qualitative uchebno-methodical, scientific
literature and didactic materials, absenceinteractions andy between an education
system, a science and manufacture.
The problem of maintenance of close interrelation between structure, the
maintenance of training and educational processes, their stages, that is - a
problemsystemseducations is not resolved. The existing education system does not
meet the requirements, which are shown toshots in developed democratic y.
The educational system, educations and preparation shots is not connected
with spent to lives, in a society reforms, mismatches requirements of carried out
transformations.
There is unsatisfactory a conditioneducation and education. Coverage of
children by preschool centres makes 25 percent fromnumbers. Exists defined
between levelchildren who have come to school from preschool institutions and a
family.
, the training, developing froma spectrum of lacksprocess of training and
education techniques at schools andeducational institutions leads to that at pupils
the independent thinking does not develop, is absentto the considered, realised
decision-making.
The pupils who have studied 9-11 classes, do not know what to do further,
they do not have self-trust. Only 10 percent of graduates of high school arrive in
higher educational institutions. The eleven-year general secondary education, at
obligatory nine-year, is not scientifically proved, does not provide due vocational
counselling and a practical orientation of training, formationthinking, skills of labour
activity.about 100 thousand graduates of base school remain not claimed in sphere
of manufacture andy educations.
As a result of absence of continuity between general educational and
professionalin an existing education system at graduates base and high school
necessary vocational counselling and skills of labour activity is not formed. Young
men and girls experience serious difficulties in a choicethe ways, corresponding to
their abilities, desires, creative and labour bents.
Educational process is guided by pupils with an average level of knowledge,
training mechanisms on individual educational y, especially presented youth are
poorly used. Educational programm were not completely released yet from, in them
it is not taken awayplaces to the sciences training to bases of morals and spirituality,
giving economic, legal and aesthetic knowledge.
Transition from technical training colleges to educational institutionstype has
declarative character. Actually training in them is carried out on out-of-date material
base and uchebno-methodical maintenance, the teaching personnel, done not pass
corresponding y.
The single-level higher education does not consider in full requirement of a
labour market, structural changes in manufacture and positive international
183
experience. There is sufficient independence of educational institutions inuchebnovospitatelnoyo no process, they are badly adapted for changing conditions of the
marketwork.
Have not joined properly in process preparation shots of establishment of a
science, manufacture and public institutes. Working out and introduction
mechanismseducational standards, functionscertifications and accreditations of
educational institutions are not defined, the system of an estimation of level of
knowledge trained does not provide objectivity and efficiency.
The prestigeeducations and the social status of teachers, tutors and
instructors, scientific and scientifically - yy shots decreases. Is absentin the field of
educationaland preparation shots, schemes yy financings of an education system
and preparation shots are unfinished.
Vital issue is weakthe most part of teachers, yy and tutors, their low
educational and professional level, essential shortage qualified yy shots is felt. In a
preschool education fromnumbers of tutors and yy only 20 percent have higher
education. schools teachers makes 93 percent, however separate areas of
maintenance with them within 77-80 percent, and on some disciplines - to 50
percent.
There is "ageing" scientific and scientifically-pedayoyicheskih shots. In higher
educational institutions of republic the quantity of doctors of sciences till 40 years
makes0,9 percent from their general number, and at the age from 50 years and
above - 79 percent. Middle age of the doctors of sciences confirmed in a scientific
degree makes 50 years, and candidates of sciences - 36 years.
1.3. Reforming preconditions
The major preconditionssystem transformations preparation shots are:
dynamical advancement of republic on a construction wayyandyy societies;
realisation of radical changes in a national economy, consecutive transformation
of an economy of republic from mainly raw orientation on release of competitive
end production, expansioncountry potential;
the statement of a priority of interests of the person and education into social
policy;
growthconsciousness, formation of patriotism, feelingfor the fatherland, respect
toto national cultural-historical traditions and an intellectual heritage of the
people;
y Uzbekistan in the world community, consolidation of positions and authority of
republic on the world.
2. The purpose, problems and stages of realisation national programm
2.1. The purpose and problems
The purpose present programm - radical reforming of the education sphere,
full refusal of it, creation of National system preparation highly-skilled personnel at
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level developed democratic y, meeting the requirements high spirituality and
morals.
Purpose realisation provides the decision of following problems:
education system reforming according to the Republic Uzbekistan Law "About
education",
its
maintenancedevelopments
asuchebno-scientificallyproizvodstvennoyo a complex on a basisandeducational institutions, formation
of the competitive environment in a sphere of education and preparation
shots;
coordination of an education system and preparation shots with
transformations spent in a society, constructionyy;
maintenance of establishments of system preparation shots highly skilled
experts, increase of prestige andthe status yy activity;
y structures and maintenances preparation shots, proceeding their
prospectsanddevelopments of the country, requirements of a society, modern
achievements of a science, culture, technics and y;
y structures and maintenances preparation shots, proceeding from
prospectsanddevelopments of the country, requirements of a society, modern
achievements of a science, culture, technics and y;
working out and introduction of effective forms and methods spirituallyeducation trained and educational work;
introduction of objective system of an estimation of quality of education and
preparation shots, certification and accreditation of educational institutions;
creation of the standard, material and information base providing demanded
level and quality of education,functioning anddevelopments,
systems
preparation shots in new social and economic conditions;
maintenance effectiveeducations, sciences and manufactures, working out of
mechanisms of formation of requirements y, and also the orderstructures, the
enterprises andon quantity and qualityshots;
working out and introduction in practice of real mechanisms of attraction of offbudget means, including foreign investments, into systemeducations and
preparation shots;
development cooperation in area preparation shots.
2.2. Realisation stages programm
The purposes and problems National programm are realised stage by stage:
The first stage (1997-2001 yy.) - creation of legal personnel, scientificallymethodical, financially-material conditions for its reforming and development on
the basis of preservationpotential of existing system preparation shots.
At this stage it is necessary:
to make structural reorganisation and radical updating of the maintenance of an
education system according to the Law "About education";
185
preparation and to raise qualification yy and scientifically - yy shots to level,to
modern requirements;
to create and introducethe educational standards defining necessary
requirements to qualityand qualification trained, their cultural and spirituallymoral level;
to develop and introduce new generation of uchebno-methodical
complexes,andmaintenanceprocess;
preparation necessary material, uchebno - methodical and personnel base
fory,educations;
to improve mechanisms of attraction of off-budget means in education
andshots, to create the competitive environment in sphere educational y,
having provided, along with y, developmenteducational institutions;
to develop and entersystem of an estimation of activity of educational
institutions, systemqualities preparation shots and requirements for them;
to expand and strengthen international contacts, to develop and carry out real
measures on assistance international donorand funds inshots, and also to
attraction of foreign investments into a republic education sphere;
to carry outrealisations National programm onshots.
At the given stage reception of children in school since six-seven years will be
carried out, taking into consideration their physical and intellectual development. It
is carried out intensivey numbers of student's places with necessary material
conditions and security yy shots.
On a basisperformancea stage directions of realisation National programm
are specified.
The second stage (2001-2005 yy.) - full-scale realisation National programm,
its updating with the accountexperience of performance, development of a labour
market and real social and economic conditions.
Full transition to an obligatory general average and an average special, to
vocational training, and also to the differentiated training, proceeding from abilities
and possibilities of pupils is carried out.
Completion of educational institutions speciallyqualified yy is provided with
shots, the competitive environment of their activity is formed.
Strengthening of material and information base of educational institutions
proceeds, teaching and educational process is provided with the high-quality
educational literature and front lines yy y. System informationeducations is carried
out.
Mechanisms of formation of the market educationalwill to the full be
involved.
The third stage (2005 and the subsequent y) - perfection and the further
development of system preparation shots on the basis of the analysis and
generalisationexperience, according to prospects socially -country developments.
186
The further strengthening of resource, personnel and information base of the
educational institutions, full satisfaction uchebno-vospitatelnoyo process by the
newest uchebno-methodical complexes and front lines yyis spent.
Formation and development of national (elite) higher educational institutions,
consolidation of forms of independence and self-management of professional
educational institutions is carried out.
Informationthe process, full coverage of systemeducations by the computer
information networks having an exit in world information networks is provided.
3. National model preparation shots
The basic components of National model preparation shots are:
the person -the subject and object of system preparation shots, the consumer
and the manufacturer educational y;
y and a society -preparation and the demands of shots which are carrying outof
activity and the control over functioning of an education system and
preparation of shots;
continuous education - a basis preparation the qualified competitive shots,
including all kinds of education,educational standards, structure and the
functioning environment;
a science - the manufacturer and the consumer of highly skilled experts, the
developer advanced yy and information y;
manufacture - the basic customer defining requirement for shots, and also
requirements to quality and their level y, the participant of financing and is
material-tehnicheskoyo system maintenance preparation shots.
Y and a society provide an openness andsystem functioningeducations and
preparation shots.
Performance by Republic Uzbekistan internationaland conventions in the field
of human rights, education, the rights of the child, the accounty experience in
sphere preparation shots also is one of factors of its development.
3.1. The person
Y the policy in area preparation shots provides formation of versatily
developed person -through systemthe educations, inseparably linked with
intellectual and spiritually-moral education of the person. Here one ofconstitutional
laws- the right to education, display of creative abilities, intellectual development,
professional work is realised.
The law "About education" provides compulsion of receptiony
andy,educations, and also the right and ample opportunities of a choice of forms
and kinds of education and professional preparation, continuous improvement of
professional skill, if necessary, - corresponding y.
Persons, as to the consumer educational y, througheducational standards,a
quality education and professional y. Thus the person is obliged to fulfil the
requirements which have been put in pawn ineducational standards. The person as
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the manufacturer educational y, having received a corresponding skill level,
participates in transfer of knowledge and experience in process of education,
activity to spheremanufactures, sciences, cultures and y.
3.2.and a society
Y and a society actfunctioning and system developments preparation shots,
co-ordinators of activity of educational institutions onhighly skilled competitive
experts.
a society
Realisation of the rightson education, a choiceways and improvement of
professional skill;
Receptiony y,y,educations, with the option of a direction of training in the
academic lycée or professional college;
The reception rightandeducations on basey or on a platno-contract basis;
Financingeducational institutions;
Developmentmanagements in the decision of problems on maintenance of
conditions for study, a life and rest of the trained;
Social support of participantsprocess;
Reception of education by persons within a state of health and deviations in
development.
3.3. Continuous education
Continuous education is a system basis preparation shots, the priority sphere
providing social and economic development of Republic Uzbekistan, satisfying
economic, social, scientific and technical and cultural requirements of the person, a
society and y.
Continuous education creates necessary conditions of formation creative,
socially active, spirituallypersons and advancing preparation highly skilled
competitive shots.
3.3.1. Creation and development principleseducations
Functioning principleseducations:
educations - prime characterdevelopments, prestigiousness of
knowledge, erudition andintelligence;
education democratisation - expansion of independence of educational
institutions in a choice of methods of training and education, transition
to a yosudarstvenno-public control system of education;
y educations - disclosing of abilities of the person and satisfactionvarious
educational requirements, maintenance
national and universal
values,relations of the person, a society and environment;
y educations - formation at trained aesthetically yy outlooks, high
spirituality, culture andthinking;
the national orientation of education consisting iny unity with national
history, national traditions and customs, preservation andcultures of
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the people of Uzbekistan, an education recognition the major
tooldevelopments, respect for history and culturethe people;
indissolubility of training and education, an orientationprocess on
formation of comprehensively developed person;
revealing of the presented youth, creation of conditions forreceptions of
fundamental and special knowledge at the highest level educations.
3.3.2. Reforming directionseducations
Reforms in sphereprovide educations:
cardinal improvementeducation system potential, increase of
prestigiousness of a trade of the tutor, the teacher, the teacher andthe
worker;
development of various kindsandeducational institutions;
structural reorganisation of an education system, a basic change
educational and professionaltaking into account modern world
achievements of education, a science, technics and y, economy and
cultures;
transition maintenance to an obligatory general average and an average
special, to vocational training;
creation of educational institutionstype, as centres y,educations,with a
science and manufacture;
y,and improvement of professional skill of shots, including
administrative, by new trades and the specialities connected with wide
developmenty, structural transformations to economy, expansion of
scales of foreign investments, business development,andbusiness;
development of spiritual and moral qualities trained at all levels and
steps of education on the basis of principles of national independence
and a priority yyheritages of the people and universal values;
perfection of a control system by education, development of
formsmanagements,educational institutions;
working out and realisation of measures on strengthening of a role of a
family, parents, public y, ,and the international funds in education
reception, and also spiritually-moral, intellectual and physical training
of children and youth;
creation and introduction of system of an objective estimation of
qualityprocess and preparation shots;
formation of mechanisms of maintenance of an education system
financial, material andresources;
creation and development in practice of real mechanismsy educations
with a science and manufacture;
expansion and development of cooperation with foreign both
international educational and scientific y;
189
creationand yy conditions for reception of education by persons of not
radical nationality on the native language in their placesresiding;
perfection y, y, yy and mediko-yiyienicheskoyo education and education
trained on all educational levels.
3.3.3. System and kindseducations
System functioningeducations is provided on a basiseducational standards,
continuity educationaly level and includes following kinds of education:
a preschool education;
the general secondary education;
an average special, vocational training;
higher education;
education;
improvement of professional skill andshots;
nonscholastic adult education.
Distinctive feature of National model preparation shots is introduction, as
independent steps,yandy y,educations which provide continuity of transition from
general educational to professional educational y.
General educational programm cover: preschool, initial (I-IV classes), the
general secondary education (I-IX classes), an average special, vocational training.
Professional educational programm include an average special, professional,
the higher (a bachelor degree, y) and education, improvement of professional skill
andshots.
Preschool education
The preschool education provides formation of the healthy, developed person
of the child, clearing upto the doctrine,to regular training. It is carried out till sixseven years inandpreschool institutions and in a family.educations actively
participate in realisation of the purpose and problems , public andy, the
international funds.
For developmenteducations should be carried out:
Priorityqualified personnel - tutors and yy;
Search
and
introduction
effective
psiholoyo-pedayoyicheskih
techniqueseducations;
y, psiholoyo-pedayoyicheskoe and methodical maintenanceeducation of
children;
Working out and manufacture of modern uchebno-methodical grants and
technical attributes,and y;
Creation of conditions for spiritually-nravstvennoyo education of preschool
children on a basis yy cultural-istoricheskoyo heritages of the people and universal
values;
Choice possibility for various kinds of preschool centres, reception qualified
consultingon all questionseducations;
190
Working out of mechanisms of support and development of a network of
preschool educational and improving establishments.
The general secondary education
The general secondary education, with term of training of 9 years (I-IX school
classes), is obligatory. It includes an elementary education (I-IV classes) and provides
reception of regular knowledge on bases of sciences, develops requirement for
mastering by knowledge, forms base educational, scientific and common cultural
knowledge, spiritually - moral qualities on the basis of national and universal cultural
wealth, labour skills, the creative thinking, the realised relation to world around and
a trade choice.
On endy educations the certificate yy the sample with instructions of
educational disciplines and estimations on them stands out.
For formation of new structure and the maintenancey educations it is
necessary:
To develop and introducethe educational standards providing qualitative
general secondary education within the limits of I-IX of classes of school, with the
accountcommunications with the subsequent educationalin the academic lycées
and professional colleges;
preparation shots highly skilled yy;
To develop a network of educational institutions according to yy andfeatures
of territories, requirements of the person, a society and y;
To introduce the differentiated approach to training according to abilities and
possibilities y;
To create front lines yytraining, modern uchebno-methodical complexes and
didactic maintenance uchebno-vospitatelnoyo process;
To create a network of the centres of vocational counselling and psiholoyo yy consultations trained.
Average special, vocational training
The obligatory average special, vocational training with term of training three
y, on basey educations, is an independent kind in systemeducations. The
directiony,educations - the academic lycée or professional college gets out pupils
voluntary.
The academic lycée gives the average vocational education according tothe
educational standard, provides intensive intellectual development, y, the profile,
differentiated, professionally focused training taking into account possibilities and
interests of pupils.
In the academic lycées the trained have possibility on the selected works
them to a training direction (y, technical, y, etc.) to raise level of knowledge and to
generate the special professional skills directed onstudying of sciences for the
purpose of continuation of training in concrete higher educational institution, or
their realisation in labour activity.
191
The professional college gives an average special, vocational training in
frameworksyythe standard; providesdevelopment of professional bents, skills of
pupils, finding of one or several specialities by the chosen trades.
Professional colleges on the of equipment, to selection yyy structure,training
process are educational institutionsthe type, giving possibility of mastering of one
and more modern trades and acquisitionstheoretical knowledge on subject matters.
Training in the academic lycées and professional colleges providesknowledge
and acquisition by pupils of the chosen specialities. To graduates of the academic
lycées and professional colleges diplomas yy the sample, granting the right to
training continuation at following steps of education, or employment by labour
activity on the got specialities and trades stand out.
Forand developmentsy,educations it is necessary:
To develop and introduce standard base of functioning of the academic lycées
and professional colleges;
To carry outand y, including abroad, qualified yy shots with attraction of
experts of the higher educational institutions, manufactures, sciences and cultures;
To develop and introducestandardsy,educations;
To develop educational and professional programm, uchebno-methodical
complexes for educational institutionsy,educations;
To develop and introduce specialised programm for acquisition of skills of
labour activity by pupils of the academic lycées;
To develop the list of specialities and the trades, the qualified requirements to
experts,in professional colleges;
To provide creation and rational placing of educational institutions of
systemy,educations with the accountand yy conditions of territories and local
requirements for expertsa profile, to carry out the maximum coverage trained
without their separation from a family;
To strengthen material and information base of the academic lycées and
professional colleges.
Higher education
The higher education is based on basey,educations and has two steps: a
bachelor degree and y.
The enrolment of students in the higher educational institutions is carried out
on basey and on a platno-contract basis.
Bachelor degree - base higher education with fundamental and applied
knowledge in a direction of specialities, with duration of training not less than four
years.
On termination of baccalaureate programm to graduates, ony certifications,
degree "bachelor" by a trade is awarded and the diploma yy the sample who grants
the right to be engaged in professional work stands out.
192
y - higher education with fundamental and applied knowledge on a concrete
speciality with duration of training not less than two years on the basis of a bachelor
degree.
Endprogramm is qualifyingcertification with degree award "y".the diploma yy
the sample, granting the right to be engaged in professional work stands out.
Forand developments of two-level systemeducations it is necessary:
To develop and introduceeducational standards for a bachelor degree and y;
preparation professorial shots for the higher educational institutions,
including in leaders foreign educational and centres of science;
To spend structural transformations of the higher educational institutions;
To improve management, to expand independence of the higher educational
institutions, to enter public management in forms of councils of founders, trustees,
the public supervisory boards;
To develop and enter into practice effective mechanismseducations with a
science and manufacture;
To develop and masterand means of an individualization of training, selfeducation, systemeducations;
To intensify training of students with use new yy and information y, modular
system preparation;
To providean education orientation on a basis yyandheritages of the people
and universal values.
Poslevuzovskg education
Poslevuzovskg education is directed on maintenance of requirements of a
society in scientific and scientifically-pedayoyicheskih top skills shots, satisfaction of
creative obrazovatelno-professional interests of the person.
Poslevuzovskg education can be received in higher educational institutions
and research establishments (postgraduate study, , doctoral studies, competition).
Steps (postgraduate, doctor's)educations come to the end with dissertation
protection. By resultsy certifications, are awarded scientific degrees, accordingly,
the candidate of sciences and the doctor of sciences, with delivery of diplomas yy
the sample.
Actions for support and developmentinclude educations:
System perfection preparation and certifications scientific and scientificallypedayoyicheskih top skills shots according to the Law "About education" and
prospectsandcountry developments;
Priorityscientifically-pedayoyicheskih shots of the top skills for
systemeducation and scientific shots in the field of front lines yy y;
Creation of conditions for preparation scientific and scientificallypedayoyicheskih top skills shots in priority directions in the advanced educational
institutions and centres of science of the developed countries;
193
ycooperation with the developed countries in the field of a science,and
educations.
Improvement of professional skill andshots
Improvement of professional skill andshots are directed on updating anda
professional knowledge and skills of experts. By results of training in educational
institutions of improvement of professional skill and preparation shots the
certificate or the certificate yy the sample stand out.
Forand developments of system of improvement of professional skill and
preparation shots it is necessary:
To generate structure and the maintenance of activity of system of
improvement of professional skill and preparation shots and management of it;
To provideand acquisition by highly-skilled personnel of teachers-experts;
To create standard base of system of improvement of professional skill and
preparation the shots, providing formation of the competitive environment in this
sphere and its effective activity;
To develop and enter into practice systemcertifications and accreditations of
educational institutions of improvement of professional skill and preparation shots;
To promote creation and developmentandthe educational institutions
providing operativeand improvement of professional skill of shots and experts
according to requirements yy and yy sec of economy,and establishments of various
patterns of ownership;
To develop, create and master in practice front linesand the equipmenty, and
also simulators difficult, high technologyprocesses.
Nonscholastic adult education
For satisfaction of individual obrazovatelno-developing requirements of
children and teenagers,themtime and resty, public y, and alsolegal and physical
persons, create out-of-schoolandeducational institutions cultural-esteticheskoyo, y,
y,anddirections.
For the decision of problems of development, structure and maintenance
perfectioneducations should be carried out:
Expansion of a network of establishments and kinds obrazovatelnodeveloping y;
Working outand the methodical materials based on national yy values and
consideringworld experience;
Perfection available, revival national and introduction of new kinds and
formspupils, including is sports - mass and fizkulturno-improving actions, children's
tourism, national crafts.
3.4. A science in system preparation shots
The national model preparation shots includes, in quality it is essentialan
element, a science, as sphere, in which:
194
new fundamental and applied knowledge of laws of development of the nature
and a society are formed, the scientific results necessary for distribution,
studying and use in system preparation shots concentrate;
it is carried outscientific and yy top skills shots;
the infrastructure scientifically-issledovatelskoyo process maintenance
preparation shots is created, databases on various fields of knowledge for use
in educational information networks are formed;
occursa domestic science in world, the international exchange of scientific
achievements and shots for the decision of actual problems of a modern
science andis carried out.
For yy science inclusions in system preparation shots it is necessary:
to develop measures on maintenance of communication of a science with
educational practice, by formation and realisation of target innovative projects
on creation and development of front lines yy y;
to realise the mechanismintroductions in uchebno - educational process of
results of scientific researches through creation of experimental platforms for
introduction of front lines information and yy y;
to spend research works on maintenanceperformance National programm
onshots;
to raise quality preparation top skills shots, in every possible way to support
scientific creativity of youth;
to raise prestige and the social status of scientists, on the basis of realisation of
modern approaches to an estimation of level research and scientificallypedayoyicheskoj works in educational institutions, results of scientific
researches andworkings out;
to make activea domestic science in the international scientific community, to
develop an exchange of scientific achievements and scientists, including with a
view of perfection of an education sphere and preparation shots;
to develop system of moral and material stimulus of activity in the field of a
science and y, to found special awards andfor scientific achievements of
students and young scientists, to increase number of nominal grants,constantly
operating exhibitions and expositions scientifically-tehnicheskoyo youth
creativity.
3.5. Manufacture in system preparation shots
Requirements of manufacture form directions, level and system scales
preparation shots, define the purpose, problems and the maintenance professional
preparation,the qualified requirements, cause a choice adequateand education
forms. Manufacture, finally, estimates quality and competitiveness of shots.
Functions and manufacture problems in system preparation shots are defined
by that it:
forms requirement for expertslevel and qualification;
195
promotes systemeducations by granting available inthe order of the
material, financial, personnel and other resources necessary for
training, improvement of professional skill and preparation shots;
participates in financing target preparation both separate experts and y,
and educational institutions of various types and levels as the founder,
the trustee, the donor, the sponsor;
developswith science and education in various forms (time creative
collectives, uchebno-research-and-production complexes, the centres,
technoparks, technopolises).
Strengthening of a role of manufacture in system preparation shots is
provided by:
preparation highly-skilled personnel on the basis of connection of
training with productive work at the enterprises, including in the course
of an industrial practice;
usespotential of the enterprises inshots and in carrying out joint
scientifically-tehnoloyicheskih workings out;
education trained (labour, moral and physical) in labour collectives;
realisation preparation, preparation and improvements of professional
skill of shots in new directions of development of technics andtaking
into account requirements of manufacture;
attractionpotential of the higher educational institutions and
scientificfor the decision economic andmanufacture problems;
y improvements of professional skill yy shots in the field of front linesit
is direct on manufacture;
attraction of highly-skilled personnel of manufacture in educational
process and yy activity;
maintenance trained by workplaces for industrial practice passage;
equipmenteducational institutions the modern equipment, equipment
and the tool.
4. The basic directions of development
Systems preparation shots
Formation and system development preparation shots includes following
priority directions:
4.1. Maintenance of a continuity of education
Construction of the new continuous and successive education system
including a preschool, general average and an average special, vocational training is
carried out. The two-level systemy the educations, providingbachelors andtakes
root.
Postgraduate study and doctoral studies activity develops. Competitive
educational institutions on improvement of professional skill and preparation shots
are created.
196
It is spentand re-structuring of educational institutions. It is carried
outdevelopments and system effectiveness estimationseducations.
It is provided preparation and preparation yy shots for systemeducations.
4.2. y,and improvement of professional skill yy and scientificallypedayoyicheskih shots
The system of improvement of professional skill and preparation yy the shots,
providing high quality and a stable development of education is created y.
Maintenance of their professional qualities at competitive level is provided
advancingand improvement of professional skill yy shots.
In the higher educational institutions special faculties onhighly skilled
teachers, and in republic areas - the special centres on improvement of professional
skill and preparation teachers and experts fory andy,educations are created.
4.3. Maintenance reformingprocess
The maintenance of the education includingy, training and education of shots
on the basis of principles of national independence, a support onspiritual both a
mental potential of the people and universal values is reformed on a
basiseducational standards. The special attention is given to the person y, to
development ata cult of education and knowledge, to activity, formation of
independence, feelingand advantages.
It is spent purposefula policy on increase of authority, responsibility and
professionalism yy shots. Forms and training methods take rootyy y, new
educational programm. 4.4. Spiritually-moral education and educational work
Are developed and take root effectiveand yy forms and means spirituallynravstvennoyo educationthe generations based onnational cultural - historical
traditions, customs of the people and universal values. The priority of education
anddevelopments of the person is provided. The educational work covering all
population of the country for the purpose of increase by general and yy of culture is
improved.
Close interaction of educational institutions with parents, a family,
committees, the public centre " ", public y, funds on formation of the creative,
active person, the independence of Uzbekistan betrayed to principles and capable
to bring the real contribution insocieties is carried out.
4.5. Presented children and talented youth
Are created y, psiholoyo-pedayoyicheskie andrevealing and training
conditions, the republican databank andpresented children and youth is formed.
Attraction of the best yy and scientists for working out special educationalandyy y,
themparticipations in teaching and educational process is provided. Elite
educational institutions, as the centres on studying of sciences and technics, a policy
and economy, culture and art are created. Purposeful activity on the general and
professionalpresented children and talented youth abroad is carried out. The pupil
of the academic lycées first of all presented and talented, gives possibility to show
197
and develop the natural abilities, to realise special talents,the knowledge of
concrete fields of knowledge and narrow directions of scientific disciplines.
4.6. Management of an education system
It is carried outy structural changes and dynamics of developmentandsystem
educational institutionseducations and preparation shots. The competence
spheremanagements of education of all levels according to the Law "About
education" is defined. The is standard-legal base of education develops. Expansion
of the rights and independence of educational institutions in financially - economic
activities andy process is provided. According to the order established by Office Min
of Republic Uzbekistan, certification and accreditation of educational institutions is
spent. Onthe right to realisation of educational activity is given to accreditation.
The effective systemmanagements of educational institutions by creation
trustee and the supervisory boards including representatives oryanizatsy - founders,
localthe authorities, business y, public y, funds and sponsors takes root.
4.7. Formation of the monitoring system of qualityeducations
The service of certification of qualitythe educations, independent
frommanagements of education is created y. Are developedthe educational
standards meeting perspective requirementsandof development of the country. The
systemestimations of activity of educational institutions, qualities yy, professorskopedayoyicheskih shots, and also knowledge trained is entered. Developquality
assurance forms preparation shots. The systemcertifications of graduates of
educational institutions is improved.
4.8. Education system financing
The financing system is improved, entered(fromand off-budget sources)
system of a financing of education and preparation shots, develops self-financing of
educational institutions, attraction private, and also foreign investments into an
education sphere is stimulated. The mechanism of granting of educational credits
forrepublics withtheir systemy is formed. The role of donors and sponsors in system
material supporteducations and preparation shots amplifies.
The increase in incomes of educational institutions at the expense of paid
educational y, enterprise, advisory, expert, publishing, industrial, scientific
andactivity according to authorised problems is provided.
4.9. Material support
Creation of a network of the academic lycées, professional colleges and their
placing is carried out, starting withand yy featuresy. The maximum coverage trained
without a separation from a family is carried out.
Measures on major repairs existing and to building of new educational
institutions with maintenance of their equipment according to standard
requirements and taking into account level of modern technics andare taken.
Creation of specialised manufactures on equipment of teaching and
educational establishments by the necessary equipment, stock, accessories,
198
technical,and didactic tutorials is supported. The computerisation and
informationprocess at all levels is made.
4.10. Creationspaces of educational system
The supply with informationprocess on the basis of modern information y, a
computerisation and computer networks develops. The role of mass media in
educational process raises, intellectualization educationalTV and radio is provided.
The publishing base of science and education develops, the steady system of
maintenance educational, uchebno-methodical, scientific, encyclopaedic and
reference books is formed.
4.11. Development of the market educational
The competitive market educationalby developmentin an education sphere
and preparation shots is formed. Developmentandeducational institutions is
provided, the competitive environment in an education sphere and preparation
shots is created, carried outy the market educational y. The system paid consulting
and additional (not provided by the cores educational y) educationaldevelops.
4.12. Maintenance socialandsupport in an education sphere
It is realiseda policy on increase of prestige andthe status yy activity.
Necessary conditions for study, improvement and rest trained and yy are created.
Educational institutions andpublic health services take necessary measures for
preservation and strengthening of health of children and studying youth. Conditions
for realisation of an improving orientation uchebno-vospitatelnoyo process,
introduction of normsa way of life are provided. Oryanizatsionno-methodical
approaches for increase mediko-yiyienicheskoj cultures trained, growth and
fizkulturno-sports activity and leveldevelopments are improved. The adaptive
environment for children havingpossibilities of health and a deviation in
development is created. 4.13. Development of forms of communication of a science
with educational process
The advanced applied scientific researches in area yy and educations,
scientifically-methodical workings out forand maintenance of quality of education
according toeducational standards are carried out. From sphere fundamental and
applied science participation of scientific shots is stimulated in educational process,
communication yyy and scientifically -processes is provided. Scientific and technical
creativity of youth is in every possible way supported.
4.14. Developmentmanufactures and education systems
Creation and development of industrial practice complexes (centres), their
equipment by the modern equipment, equipment and the tool is stimulated. The
industrial potential of the enterprises inshots and carrying out joint scientificallytehnoloyicheskih workings out is effectively used. It is supportedshots on
manufacture, regular improvement of professional skill yy shots in the field of front
linesdirectly on manufacture is carried out.
199
4.15. The international cooperation in an education sphere and preparation
shots
The international legal base of cooperation in area preparation shots is
created, priority directionscooperation are realised, the international educational
structures develop, the exchange scientifically-pedayoyicheskimi shots, students and
pupils extends. The basis forrecognitions of national documents on education is
created. Activity interested min and departments, Republic Uzbekistan embassies
abroad on wide attraction of direct and indirect foreign investments into sphere
preparation shots is stirred up.
5.measures on realisation National programm
With a view of realisation National programm it is necessary:
To develop system of decisions and actions, with reflexion of concrete
mechanisms and measures of their realisation, terms, executors,andmaintenance of
realisation of directions and stages National programm;
To define functions and problemsand public institutes on performance
National programm;
To involve the qualified foreign experts for participation in working out of
concrete directions National programm;
To co-ordinate activityandstructures, and also participation internationalin
performance National programm;
To carry outand the analysis of a course of performance National programm
and on this basis to correct its separate positions and actions;
To conduct wide explanatory work under basic approaches and substantive
provisions National programm, with attraction of mass media, carrying out min and
conferences on questions of realisation and functioning of national model
preparation shots;
Actively include in process of realisation of the purposes and problems
National programm publicand the centres, republic various strata of society;
Regularly to shine a course of realisation National programm in mass media.
The Republican commission on realisation National programm onshots, with
putting on on it of functionsand coordination of all actions and actions is created,
including on:
To working out of the general requirements shown toto educational
standards for corresponding kindsof education;
To working outeducational standards andnecessary documents fory
educations;
To working outeducational standards for systemy,educations, programm
formations of a network of the academic lycées and professional colleges;
To realisation of measures on maintenancecoverage of the pupils having the
general secondary education, the academic lycées and professional Total, with the
200
account y, yy features and requirements for shotsy, to creation of their material
base;
To creation and maintenance of effective activity of educational institutions
for preparation and improvements of professional skill of teachers and yy the shots
working in the academic lycées and professional colleges;
To reforming of system of the higher educational institutions according to
requirements National programm, to working out and introduction
correspondingeducational standards;
To perfection of activity of preschool obrazovatelno-educational
establishments, increase of responsibility of a family, and publicin education and
preschoolchildren;
To maintenance of educational institutions with necessary textbooks and the
literature, attraction to this work of large educational, highly skilled experts,
development of publishing base of educational and scientific sphere;
To creation and activity maintenancey fund for the purpose of assistance to
improvement of professional skill andprofessorsko-pedayoyicheskih shots in leading
educational institutions of the developed countries;
To creation of necessary conditions forstudying of foreign languages in
systemeducations, to introduction of the accelerated methods of their studying, the
edition of dictionaries and reference books onlanguage;
y offers on strengthening of social protection and support of teachers and yy
sphere shotseducations, to revision of system of stimulation and payment of their
work;
Creation independent frommanagements of educationservices on
certification and accreditation of educational institutions, definition of qualifying
requirements to quality preparation shots, and alsoand coordination of actions
according to quality preparation shots;
To formation and system developmenteducation maintenance, to its inclusion
in a world information network, to definition of problems in a sphere of education,
facing to mass media;
y supply and demand studying in areaeducations, to formationthe market
educationalandwork, and alsoin sphere preparation shots.
Ў TO AND WITH ABOUT AND IN L AND WITH AND AND AND
Ў miny
201
5720100 - ABOUT WITH AT AND WITH IN
AND AND
WITH AND AND AT TO AND WITH
Government educational standards
y educations of Uzbekistan
REQUIREMENTS
To the necessary maintenance and level
y the doctor of the general practice in a direction
5720100 - Medical business
The edition official
Minand y
y Republic Uzbekistan educations
THE FOREWORD
1 IT IS DEVELOPED AND BROUGHT:
2 APPROVED AND PUT INTO EFFECT Order Min
Andy Republic Uzbekistan educations № __________ from «_______» _______ 200
__
The information on introduction in action (cancellation)the standard and change
to it in Republic Uzbekistan territory is published in the index published“»
The exclusive rightthe standard in territory of Uzbekistan belongs .
The maintenance
1 General characteristic of a direction 5720100 - Medical business...........
2 Requirements to leveldoctors of the general practice in a direction 5720100 Medical business
3 Maintenances and components educational programm
4 Estimation and quality assurance preparation doctors of the general practice
5 Notes.............................................................................................
202
6 Appendix.......................................................................................
1. A general characteristic of a direction 5720100 - Medical business
1.1 Direction is brought ineducational standardseducations of Uzbekistan,the
educational
standardeducations,
the
Qualifier
of
directions
and
specialitieseducations.
1.2 Standard duration of training in a direction 5720100 - Medical business at the
internal form of training - 7 years. The academic degree - "Bachelor", the doctor of
the general practice ().
1.3 Bachelor should be y:
Subject to replacement by persons with higher education, according to the National
qualifier of a trade and posts;
Specialities in limitsbachelor degree directions;
To system preparation and improvements of professional skill. 1.4 Characteristic of
sphere and objects of professional work of the doctor of the general practice in a
direction 5720100 - Medical business
1.4.1 Place of a direction of education in the field of a science, technics and
Spheres of service 5720100 - Medical business - a direction in the field of the public
health services, including set of knowledge, abilities, skills and the relations
necessary in a trade of the doctor, used for improvement of professional skill,
medicine development as a whole.
1.4.2 Objects of professional work
Objects of professional work of the doctor of the general practice in a direction
5720100 - Medical business is the population irrespective of a sex, age,position and
character of disease, and also factors surroundingthe environments influencing
health. Primary activity of the doctor - public health care,y a way of life and
preventive maintenance of diseases. Rendering of the preventive, medical and
palliative help is spent in interests of a family and a society in cooperation with
expertsdirections of system of public health services. Social, cultural features of a
life of patients are thus considered physical, y. The doctor should improve
constantly the knowledge and skills for rendering of the effective qualified medical
aid comprehensible and safe for the patient.
1.4.3 Kinds of professional work
-medical aid at levela link
Public health services ();
- Rendering of the medical aid based on the individual
The approach to the patient and ininterests;
- The decision medical,and social problems
203
The patient;
- The all-round approach to rendering medical y;
- Coordination of granting of the help to the patient andto a family together with
y y.
Medical aid should be under construction taking into account cultural traditions of a
society and medical ethics.
The doctor of the general practice in a direction 5720100 - Medical business
according to fundamental, and specialcan carry out following kinds of the
professional
Activity:
- The treatment-and-prophylactic: working out and carrying out improving, sanitaryyiyienicheskih, the preventive actions directed on the prevention of risk factors and
the dangerous reasons, the person operating on health, the prevention and
preventive maintenance of diseases, carrying out epidemic and actions; - fast and
urgent medical aid:and rendering of urgent medical aid ona stage;
- Medical-diaynosticheskaja: clinical and laboratory-toolit is wide ѐ diseases; a
direction on consultation to experts andy to their recommendations;
- Rehabilitation: restoration of professional and physical activity andthe status of the
patient;
- Socially-medical: together withsocial protection and
Services of mercy renderingto the population with the account sociallyyiyienicheskih, mediko-demoyraficheskih and socially-psiholoyicheskih factors;
- Scientifically-educational: participation iny a way of life in mass media;
- Oryanizatsionno-methodical: participation in carrying out of the analysis of the
basic indicators of activity of treatment-and-prophylactic and improving
establishments, in audit and planning medical y,improvement of quality of rendering
of medical aid.
1.4.4 Possibilities of professional adaptation
The doctor of the general practice (bachelor) on a speciality 5720100 - Medical
business can adapt for following kinds of professional work:
-tool service;
es.
The doctor of the general practice can work when due hereunder in educational
institutionsandy,educations, and also at courses of improvement of qualification and
preparation shots.
5720152 - Experts y, and also related directions (speciality) of the education,
defined by the representativemanagements lasting not less than two years.
2 Requirements to levelbachelors in a direction 5720100 - Medical business
2.1 General qualifying requirements
The bachelor should:
204
sciences, pressing questions flowingpoliticians; capable to be independent to
analyze social problems and processes;
Position concerning spiritual national and universal values to have an active position
on the basis of idea of national independence;
nature and a society, to own knowledge of society development, to be able to use
them in a life and professional work on modern scientific
and ethical standards,the relation of the person to the person, a society, to
environment to be able to consider them in professional work;
to make the proved independent decisions in the professional work;
work;
d belief in necessity of conductinga way of life, to own
skillsself-improvement.
2.2 Professional qualifying requirements
should know:
Public health services;
and their principlestreatments;
public health services in republic and principles of
functioning ;
works in a command;
seases on y;
standardsand differentsialno-diaynosticheskie criteria of diseases at level ;
in dynamics;
Principles of use of demonstrative medicine in practical activities.
should be able:
205
skills of consultation to creation of confidential relations with the patient;
To spend the account, supervision,and timely treatment of patients with chronic
diseases;
es, palliative and urgent
conditions;
tool methods of inspection existing at level ;
end treatment of patients, using medicamentous and not medicamentous
methods;
institutions;
and looking after persons;
conducting the documentation and carrying out of audit of quality of medical aid;
of data of demonstrative medicine in practice.
should:
stand valuedirections of the patient on consultation, inspection or
treatment in a hospital;
institutions, forrendering assistance to patients;
nnel of establishment for the effective joint
Activity;
ordinate actions for health strengthening, preventive maintenance, treatment,
leaving, rehabilitation and the palliative help;
andsociety social protection;
206
health;
stem structure;
researches and the fundamental statistics (disease, prevalence,value etc.);
h to an estimation of the medical literature (a choice,
reading);
2.3 Requirements shown to knowledge, to skills, on educational
2.3.1 Requirements on the blockand social and economic disciplines
should:
-Ati declaration),and work
principlesy a site ()/YVP aspublic health services link (orders Min), financing , a role
and problems of the doctor of the general practice in public health services system;
-and the concept: y, min health, indicators of
influence of various factors on y, an estimation of requirements of public health
services, health protection of the patient and a society;
of life: struggle against bad habits (y, drugs, smoking), health
protection at level - conversations with the population in (about , a tuberculosis,
virus
y, contraceptions, etc.);
ervices - sec
cooperation: preventive maintenancea traumatism, traumas and accidents among
teenagers (conversation at schools); carrying out of preventive actions in
(vaccination, y); the distribution control diseases; the prevention of distribution of
the infections transferred sexual by;
diseases -a diabetes, an asthma, adiposity;
of difficult patients, principles and styles of
mutual relation "doctor-patient", management of time of consultations, ethics
questions, confidentiality, methods, principles and skillsdialogue);
survey of the patient, to
appoint laboratory and tool researches, to interpret their data;
-patient card,to conduct the medical documentation in ;
levels ; to use demonstrative medicine in practice, to be able to spend independent
information search on the Internet;
improvement of quality of medical aid, carrying outaudit in .
207
Requirements on the blockand social and economic disciplines are defined by the
document “Requirements to the necessary
To the maintenance and levelbachelors on the block “Y and social and economic
disciplines”, confirmed order Minandy educations.
2.3.2 Requirements on the block of natural-science disciplines should know within
the limits of the speciality.
2.3.3 Requirements on the block disciplines
Course of the general
The doctor of the general practice should:
The nobility:
- The basic laws yy conditions and mechanisms
Developments;
-anddiseases;
-y yy process;
- Valuethe approach in studying yy process;
- Bases of judicial medical examination;
To know:
- About the mechanism of medical products and their influence onthe person;
- About processesadaptations y;
To be able:
- To use instructions on rational use
Medical products;
- To examine various kinds;
- To make medical papers on medicolegal process;
- To make out recipes.
- a preventive course.
The doctor of the general practice should:
To know: - about influence of the social, physical and natural reasons on a structure,
Development and function y;
- Aboutthe changes occurring in human
In a caseaccidents and at extreme situations;
To be able:
- To make the planned schedule, the instruction on carrying out
Preventive inoculations to children and adults, ;
- To spend routine inspections of womenage and
Improvement of women with revealed y;
-Advise for choice contraceptive means for the prevention of undesirable
pregnancy;
- To spend supervision of pregnant women for the purpose of the prevention parent
and death rates;
- To spend sexual education among teenagers, to train them yy
208
Sexual mutual relations, to use of contraceptive means;
- To spendgrowth and development of healthy children till 5 years;
-Participate in planning, management, public health services financing on a
yosudarstvenno-legal basis;
- To apply the basic directive documents of system of public health services;
-napravljatna medical-commission of experts ()to instructions on delivery of sicklists, being based on examination
Time invalidity;
- To analyze the basic indicators of a state of health of the population and
Activity of treatment-and-prophylactic establishments;
- To fill and to conduct basic documents (y polyclinics).
Therapeutic course
The doctor of the general practice should:
The nobility:
- y, risk factors, clinic and y, the basic laboratory-tool indicators of the most
widespread
Diseases;
- Features of a current of illness depending on an age, sex and a trade;
-basestreatments and principles
y prescriptions of medicines;
- Indications, contra-indications, collateral actions, interactions of medical products;
- Methods of supervision of patients in dynamics;
To be able:
- To apply skills of consultation;
- rehabilitation and supervision of patients with chronic diseases;
- To carry out preventive maintenance of socially significant diseases,
Transferred sexual by (VICH/SPID, a narcotism, y); -to conduct the medical
documentation;
- To render the first help ona stage;
- To work with the medical literature, to use the information, to have
Skills of work with the computer.
y a course
The doctor of the general practice should:
The nobility:
- Clinic, y, complications of diseases,
-Features of a current of illness depending on an age, sex and a trade y;
- Indications and contra-indications to operation;
-methods of treatment,
To be able:
- To directon consultation to the expert or to a hospital;
- To spend processing and simple wounds in the conditions of ;
209
- To spend care of postoperative patients;
- To render first aid and transportation of patients at dislocations and
Crises;
-Render fastmedical aid at urgent conditions.
Course of protection of motherhood and the childhood
The doctor of the general practice should:
The nobility:
-growth anddevelopments of children till 5 years;
-Bases yy feedings anda food of children till 2th years;
-Clinic, y, the basic laboratory-tool indicators, complications most ѐ children's
illnesses;
-Clinic, y, the basic indicators laboratory-instrumentaloyo inspections, possible
complications of diseases in yy;
- Principles of leaving and treatment of childrento demonstrative medicine;
To be able:
- To conduct supervision of sick children;
- To spend routine inspections;
- To spend vaccination of children;
-Render fastthe help at urgent conditions;
-Spend dynamic supervision over the pregnant woman, in due time to reveal
complications and to direct on consultation to the expert or to a hospital;
- To advise women for choice contraceptive means;
- To conduct supervision over chronic patients;
- To spend routine inspections;-spendon early revealing of a cancer of a neck of a
uterus and a mammary gland cancer;
-Render first aid ona stage at urgent conditions.
2.3.4 Requirements on the block of special disciplines
Course of special disciplines
The doctor of the general practice should:
To know:
- About environment andthe principles influencing the person, the cores social,
economic, cultural, family
The reasons and the factors influencing development of illness;
- About functional changesy at y;
- About the basic scientifically-methodical problems of medical system, degree of
development and interrelation with related fields;
- About measures on decrease in distribution of the basic illnesses;
- About carrying out of examination of time work capacity;
- About clinical signs and the cores clinical, laboratory, tool indicators most ѐ
illnesses, a choice of tactics of conducting patients;
210
-About featuresandthe periods, yy and yy pregnancy currents, conductingprocess,
indications to y;
- About rendering of urgent medical aid ona stage
And ways urgent y;
- Abouty a way of life and preventive maintenance of diseases;
- About consultation of patients and skillsdialogue;
Skills of care ѐ, children sick and aged.
On the block of special disciplines
The doctor of the general practice should:
- To possess the basic necessary knowledge, abilities, skills and
To generate the due relation to those medical sciences and clinical disciplines which
underlie the general medical practice;
- It is effective and safe to give all-round and continuous
The help to patients irrespective of an age, sex and disease;
- To render the preventive, medical and palliative help taking into account interests
of a family and a society, and also physical, y, cultural aspects of a life of the patient;
-Should keep in contact withdirections of activity of public health services, rationally
using available resources;
- Should bear responsibility for ѐ professional development.
2.3.5 Requirements on
On the doctor of the general practice solves the finished
The professional problem demanding application of knowledge on all blocks of
disciplines. The doctor of the general practice on :
- Carries out practical skills on models, phantoms or ѐ;
- Solves situational problems;
- Carries out the analysis of the given laboratory-tool researches.
2.3.6 Requirements to qualifying practice
Qualifying practice
The doctor of the general practice should seize skills:
- Consultations;
- Findings-out of complaints and gathering of the anamnesis, revealing of risk
factors;
- Survey of the patient;
-Carrying out of laboratory and tool methods of research;
Conversation-carrying out about rational a food and not medicamentous treatment;
Should be able:
- To appoint medicinal therapy;
- To fill the medical documentation in a polyclinic;
- To define time invalidity of the patient;
-Directon consultation to the expert ory;
-Carry out medical inspections of invalids andthe population;
211
- methods of sanitary-educational work;
- To conducty a way of life;
-Be able to work with ѐ, children sick and aged and to look after them.
3 Maintenances and components educational programm
3.1 Educationalpreparation doctors of the general practice on
To direction 5720100 - Medical business it is calculated on term of training of 7
years at the internal form of training with following distribution of time:
Theoretical training, including flowing, intermediate andcertification of 278 weeks
Qualifying experts of 22 weeks
y 2 weeks
Y certification of 2 weeks
Vacation of 56 weeks
y 360 weeks
3.2 Maximum ѐ educationalthe student in a week makes
54 hours, from them educationaltill 36 o'clock, other ѐ
Hours it is allocated foreducations - 22 hours. 3.3 ѐ educational programm, including
the intermediate
Andcertification for 7 years of training, is made by 16966 hours.
3.4 At development educational programm self-education of students on some
question or problemscourses for ѐtime should be provided.
3.5 the Necessary maintenance educational programm in a direction 5720100 Medical business
3.5.1and social and economic disciplines
The necessary maintenance of the given disciplines is defined by the document
“Requirements to the necessary maintenance and level
Bachelors on the block “Y and social and economic disciplines”, confirmed .
3.5.2 Mathematical and natural-science disciplines
Matematiko-communicative course
3.5.2.1 Computer science and information y: in the modern world and their
application medicine areas; modern medical y.
3.5.2.2 Iatrotechnics and new medicalmedical devices, a structure and principles of
work of devices; lacks modern medical y, used in preventive maintenance, y,
treatment and the rehabilitation, new communicative y, applied at rendering of the
medical
The help, an electronic card y, videoconferences;
Natural-science course
3.5.2.3 Medicaland y:
Influence of hereditary factors on illness development, studying of risk factors.
Degree of influence of factors of environment on development of diseases.
Influenceon illness development; medical andthe parties y,bases of results
y;
212
3.5.2.4 Biophysics:
Influence of fluctuation and vibration on y, biophysical abilities
Liquid and fabrics, the physical factors influencing on y, optical devices,and laser
optics, electronic devices and equipment, radioactive devices and spectroscopic
devices, , maynitno-bioloyicheskie measure measurements, weight;
3.5.2.5chemistry:
Chemical processes inand medicine, the organic law of chemical interactions,
physical and chemistry, its value forthe person;
3.5.2.6chemistry:
Methodsy andresearches
y, environment influence onthe person, interrelation
The chemical natureconnections withenvironment; 3.5.2.7chemistry:
The physical and chemical processes occurring in live y, them
Value inand the nature, interaction of parts as the basic quality of ability to live, the
squirrel, y, , enzymes, min, y, biochemical structure vodno-solevoyo an exchange,
biochemical fabrics and liquids, norm and y, modern methods of the analysis;
3.5.2.8 Latin language and bases mediko-pharmaceutical miny:
Valuelanguage in medical miny anatomo-yistoloyicheskoj, clinical, pharmaceutical, a
lexicon,
Applied in medicine;
3.5.2.9 Human anatomy:
The formbodies, and development y, y, y, y, y, y, y; the social, physical, natural
factors influencing developmenty, conformityto a floor and age;
3.5.2.10 Yy, y, y:
Fabrics and y, cage ability to live, microscopic and
Submicroscopic structure of someand systems, blood cages,, urinogenital system, y,
bases human y, methodsin yy, light and electronic microscopy;
3.5.2.11 Normal y:
Structurey and laws of work of cages, fabrics, y,bases of functions y, adaptation
bases
yto environment; methods of check of functions
y and the basicindicators;
3.5.2.12 y,and y:
Ability to live and structure y, distribution and
The international classification of activators,bases
Activators of infectious diseases, immunity, the immune status bothy and yythe
status,
conditions, y, methods of special preventive maintenance, a vaccine;
3.5.2.13 History of medicine:
History of medicine and ѐ founders,in medicine, an oath
213
Y, role in medicine development, a role of national traditions in public health
services, modern medicine, regionalUzbekistan, uch•nye-physicians of Uzbekistan.
3.5.3 disciplines
Course of the general
3.5.3.1y:
The basic laws and mechanisms of development of illnesses,and y,
influenceenvironment on development of illnesses, interrelation of local and general
changes y, a role hereditary y, revealing immune y,(infringement
y blood circulations, infringement of growth and fabric development, a metabolism,
y), functional changesand systems at y,
y features in system mother-placenta-fruit, age features y, main principles of
modelling of diseases;
3.5.3.2anatomy. Sec a course:
y anatomy - the basic methods of studying
(Macroscopical and yy), the generaly;fabrics, damage and , blood circulation change,
an inflammation of immune system,and processes, privatey diseasesand sheaves, y,
the anamnesis,diseases; studying of consequences of disease in process klinikopatoloyoanatomicheskoyo the analysis, medical errors, filling of the certificate on
death.
3.5.3.3 Forensic medicine. Legal bases of activity of the doctor:
Medical examination at ѐ traumas, ѐѐy conditions y, medical examination at
emergencies with a lethal outcome; mechanical damages, examination of material
evidences, documentation registration; the rights and duties of medical workers and
patients; public health services organic laws; yrazhdansko-administrativnye, rules of
law, the crimes, concerning profession of a physician; differentiation of errors in
medical aid rendering, examination kinds.
3.5.3.4 y:
Medical products, influence mechanisms onthe person,
The general(pharmacokinetics, ), bases y, private(the list of the vital medical
products), the mechanism of action, the indication and contra-indication to
application, by-effects, poisonings with medical products, forms and methods of a
writing of recipes at variousconditions;
3.5.3.5 Yy with y, Y:
yy the characteristic of objects of environment (air,
Solar radiation, water, soil),aspects of medicine,
Interaction of the person with environment, yy requirements;
Education of teenagers, conditions of training and a food of children and teenagers;
yy work, principles yy in hospital, actual problems yy, concept about sanitary
inspection, bases yy on military objects,diseases and applicationirradiations in
treatment of various diseases; interrelationy and environment, is natural-natural,
socially-yiyienicheskie the disease reasons, secondary preventive maintenance of
214
disease. The Medical-protecting mode in medical preventive establishment,
improving actions. 3.5.3.6 Public health and management of public health services.
Biostatistics:
Indicators of health of the population: them socially-yiyienicheskoe value and
Studying methods, the medical statistics, health protection of mother and ѐ; ethics
of the doctor and medical y; medical aid renderingand to countrymen; structure
sanitary-epidemioloyicheskoj services, bases of medical statistics, methods of
statistical check and value of an estimation of indicators of health; registration of a
package of medical service, market y, elementsy, rendering of medical service in
Production, systempublic health services, the general concepts about administrative
process. Health and public health services as socialy. Public health services reforms.
The economic concept of public health services. Business factors,
The population influencing health. The economic analysis of the market.
3.5.3.7 y:
Strengthening of health of the population, methods and ways of improvement of
the population, improvement mechanisms; methods sanitary-educational
The work directed on introduction of normsof a way of life. A conformity estimation
ѐ actions.
3.5.3.8 y, :
The mechanism of development, the reason yy process, a basis of disinfection,
sterilisation, sec, deratization; the herbs growing in territory Uzbekistan, used in
quality
and sec means; the means applied to inoculations, means yy,
y,developmentsprocess, distribution of various kinds of infectious diseases, their
terms, specific preventive actions for the prevention of infectious diseases,
preventive maintenance of infections to military establishments; working out of the
public actions influencing the mechanism of infectious diseases andof infection;
ways of distribution of infections: air, water, air-drop, intestinal, through blood;
working out of actions in a mode.
Therapeutic course
3.5.3.9 Doctor and the patient:
Skills and consultation kinds, skillsdialogue,
Renderingthe help to the patient;
3.5.3.10 Propaedeutics of internal illnesses:
Anamnesis gathering, finding-out of complaints, survey of patients (, ,
), symptoms and syndromes widely ѐ diseases internal y; laboratory and tool
methods of inspection y.
3.5.3.11 Internal illnesses. National medicine: y, y, clinic, variants of a current of
illness, a consequence,
y, differential Diagnosis diseases; y, preventive maintenance, rehabilitation,
prophylactic medical examination; Methods of treatment of national medicine: y, y,
acupressure, manipulation, herbal medicine, etc.
215
3.5.3.12 Phthisiology:
Clinic, early and comparative Diagnosis, y, y,
y risk, semiresistant ѐ, consequences of a tuberculosis,
Modern treatment; prophylactic medical examination, preventive maintenance ѐy
andforms ѐ, rendering of the first help to pregnant women, children and peopleage,
a current ѐ at patients with VICH/SPID, . Preventive maintenance, examination of
time invalidity.
3.5.3.13 Medical control, physiotherapy exercises and physiotherapy:
The medical control, instructions on employment by physiotherapy exercises and
Sports, rehabilitation of patients and physical training in the complex
Treatment, action of physical factors onthe person, a place and a physiotherapy role
in treatment of diseases internal y,value in rehabilitations of patients, sanatorium
treatment.
3.5.3.14 y:
Clinic illnesses, functional and laboratory methods of inspection; estimation
methods yy the status; the treatment, supporting therapy, prophylactic medical
examination, preventive maintenance; a current
illnesses at pregnant, elderly patients;and first aid in ѐ cases.
3.5.3.15 Yy and field therapy. Laboratory business:
Clinic, early y, differential Diagnosis illnesses of blood; yy an estimation method- a
role punctures; modern treatment, preventive maintenance, a current yy diseases
at pregnant women, children, elderly patients; y, donor service questions,
interpretation of results laboratory-instrumentalnoyo inspections.
3.5.3.16 Professional illnesses:
Clinic, early y, comparative Diagnosis, treatment is wide
ѐ occupational diseases, employment at
Professional illnesses and their preventive maintenance, medical labour
examination, medical documents.
3.5.3.17 Clinical y:
kliniko-farmakoloyicheskaja The characteristic of the basicmedical products,
pharmacotherapy and medical products, treatment in out-patient-polyclinic
conditions, methods of an estimation of efficiency of medical products, the data
card of medical products.
3.5.3.18 Infectious diseases. Children's infectious diseases:
y, y, clinic, the laboratory-tool analysis, differential Diagnosis, treatment,
supervision, prophylactic medical examination of children and adults with infectious
diseases; timely specific and nonspecific preventive maintenance of infectious
diseases; complications, first aid; children's infections at adults.
3.5.3.19 Dermatovenereal illnesses, AIDS:
y, y, y, clinic,and treatment,
216
Prophylactic medical examination, preventive maintenance of dermatovenereal
diseases, VICH/SPID, acts, social aspects.
3.5.3.20 Nervous illnesses:
Clinical and diseases of nervous system, treatment ѐ and ѐ diseases of the central
and peripheral nervous system; the basic symptoms, clinic, methods Diagnosis,
differential Diagnosis, consequences and treatment; urgent and first medical
assistance.
3.5.3.21 Psychiatry and y. Medical y:
The basic laws of mental activity y;norms and y; psychiatry bases,methods y,
treatment principles, rehabilitation and examination; psychosomatic illnesses,
psychotherapy, preventive maintenance,service, socially-medical bases y;the help to
patients.
3.5.3.22 Beamand therapy:
Ultrasonic, yy, it is computer-tomoyraficheskaja,
and jaderno-maynitnoresonantillnesses; beam therapy of malignant and good-quality new growths.
3.5.3.23 Medical y:
Social directions,risk,pregnant women, clinic of hereditary diseases,and the
biochemical analysis.
3.5.3.24 Clinical yy:
yy the anamnesis; skin and provocative tests.
Clinical
and
tool
inspection,
y,
clinic,
treatment,
preventive
maintenancediseases.and pregnancy. A diet of pregnant and feeding women.
3.5.3.25a course
Operativewithanatomy: the form, a structure, interpositionand fabrics in a human
body depending on a sex, age and a constitution. Mechanical influence and
restorationand fabrics.
3.5.3.26 Generalwith bases y:
, antiseptics, bases y;patients to
To inspection; methodsandinspections; treatmentѐ,to operation, kinds of
operations,
Nonspecificdiseasesfabrics, first aid at bleedings.
3.5.3.27illnesses:
Clinic, laboratory-toolmost ѐdiseases, treatment and complications;
Urgent y, methods of a clinical estimation of diseasescages, miny spaces,arteries and
veins; differential Diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, preventive maintenance and
prophylactic medical examination; renderingthe help to pregnant women; bases y,
urgent actions in case of emergency, the urgent help in a hospital, a polyclinic,
houses, conducting the basic medical documentation.
3.5.3.28 y:
217
Clinic, y, differential Diagnosis, principles yy treatments of diseases and damages of
the central and peripheral nervous system, rendering of the first help in extreme
conditions.
3.5.3.29 Nursery y:
Clinic, y, differential Diagnosis, treatment principles
Children with ѐ and the got orthopedic diseases.
3.5.3.30 y:
Clinic, y, differential Diagnosis, rendering of the first
Medical aidthe patient.
3.5.3.31and orthopedy, . A nursery y:
Traumatism (houses, on transport, on manufacture), kinds of a traumatism,
Clinic, differential Diagnosis, treatment; crises (ѐ and
ѐ), renderingthe help and transportation;
Restoration of labour activity; social rehabilitation, prosthetics.
3.5.3.32 y. A nursery y:
y, clinicdiseases, methodsdangerous (malignant) and harmless (good-quality) new
growths, differential Diagnosis; value , kinds
Treatments, prophylactic medical examination, rehabilitation, work capacity
revealing.
3.5.3.33and resuscitation:
Modern methods and anaesthesia kinds, carrying out principlesanaesthesia, clinic
andthe basicsyndromes in critical situations; the general questions of intensive
therapy and resuscitation.
3.5.3.34 yy, y:
Clinic, methods y, differential Diagnosis, treatment most ѐ ear diseases, y, a nose.
Value infectiousin development of diseases -y, rendering of the fast
The urgent help in case of emergency; preventive maintenance of diseases of an oral
cavity, agefeatures, clinic widely
ѐ diseases,and consequences, indications to
Consultations of the expert, methodstreatments and prosthetics
3.5.3.35 y:
Age sight, anatomy, y, optical correction of sight; clinic, y, differential Diagnosis,
complications; ѐ and ѐ diseasessight, treatment, rehabilitation and preventive
maintenance; the fast urgent help at
Difficult defeats, work capacity examination.
Course of protection of motherhood and the childhood
3.5.3.36 Obstetrics and yy:
y andconditions in pregnancy,
Sorts and after sorts; methods of research of a condition of a fruit,y; clinic and
treatment most ѐ yy diseases;andchildbirth; consultation bases on contraception
methods.
218
3.5.3.37 Pediatrics:
anatomo-fizioloyicheskie Features of children;growth and development of children
till 5 years, factors and the reasons influencing growth of children, feature of
consultation of teenagers; clinic, y, differential Diagnosis the most widespread
diseases of children, treatment, principlessupervision; questions of vaccination of
children.
3.5.4 Special disciplines
3.5.4.1 Internal illnesses, y:
Preventive maintenance and public health care,y a way of life, risk factors,the
population. Clinic, y, differentialoften met syndromes, the differentiated therapy at
them, rational pharmacotherapy, tactics
in concrete clinical situations in
conditionspublic health services link. Primary and secondary preventive
maintenance in various agethe population and at pregnant women. Rehabilitation,
prophylactic medical examination and urgent conditions at therapeutic diseases,
rendering of the urgent help at emergency conditions ona stage. The general
approaches in conditions experts. Indications to out-patient treatment, y, to a
direction in specialised medical institutions, consultations of narrow experts. The
differentiated plan of inspection of patients withinternal y, interpretation of results
of laboratory-tool researches in polyclinic and hospital conditions. Statement y,y
Diagnosis. Examination of time invalidity; bases of health protection of personsage
according to Republic Uzbekistan laws. The international bases of classification of
personsage and aged. The general laws and the ageing theory.parametres of age
norms. Basesa food of personsage and aged. Clinical,andbases of a current of
illnesses at personsage and aged. Bases of interpretation of results of laboratory and
tool researches in y. Ways of leaving in house conditions for personsage.
3.5.4.2 y: the mechanisminfluences of physiotherapeutic procedures onthe person;
a physiotherapeutic orientationrestoration, a wayuses of physiotherapeutic actions
and medical products; a choice of sanatoria and resorts, registration of the medical
documentation; observance of rules of technical safety and work principles ; use of
physiotherapeutic actions in the improving purposes; the mechanism
Influences of physical exercises, indications and contra-indications to ; kinds and
means of improving physical training.
3.5.4.3illnesses:
Clinic, y, and differentialsharpdiseases, tactics at them, rational pharmacotherapy,
treatment of the most widespreaddiseases in conditionspublic health services link,
conductingthe period,complications and their preventive maintenance, the first
medical aid at bleedings, damages,diseasesfabrics. The general approaches in
conditions experts.
3.5.4.4 Medicine of accident:
Application of necessary practical skills at rendering of the primary
219
Medical aid by the victim in natural cataclysms and accidents, rendering of
professional specialised medical aid and transportation.
3.5.4.5 Urgent conditions. The first help:
y and clinic at urgent conditions. Anaesthesia, resuscitation and intensive therapy of
patients in the period and in a hospital in critical situations.
3.5.4.6 Obstetrics and yy:
Consultation on planning of a family and protectionhealth. y, supervision of
pregnant women withpregnancy, atdiseases, preventive maintenance and
earlycomplications, conductingthe period, and postnatal contraception, the
emergency help at complications, consultation; testing and preventive maintenance
of the infections transferred sexual ѐ, including VICH/SPID; preventive maintenance
, consultation and realisation of contraception the help ona stage, and treatment
most often met yy diseases; rehabilitation in out-patient and house conditions after
transferred yy diseases and operations, rational pharmacotherapy, urgent
conditions in obstetrics and yy. The general approaches in conditions experts.
3.5.4.7 y:
leaving and the primary help to newborns, resuscitation at in a maternity hall;
principles yy feedings at joint stay of newborns with mothers; supervision over
newborns with variousand their rehabilitation. An estimation of a state of health of
children and care of children of all age; physical and psychomotor development of
children with calculation and food correction; preventive maintenance of diseases,
safe vaccination; differentialand rational pharmacotherapy of most often met
diseasesage; the urgent help at emergency conditions; prophylactic medical
examination and rehabilitation of childrenrisk and with various diseases.
3.5.5 Industrial practice
Fastening of theoretical and practical knowledge of students at mastering
disciplines; knowledgey, given in /Y, possession of skills of work of the doctor of the
general practice in conditionspublic health services link, gathering of the basic and
minor complaints of patients, careful survey of patients, gathering and objective
data, appointmentthe plan laboratory-instrumentalnoyo inspections,interpretation
of results of laboratory-tool researches, possession of methodsuchebno-informative
activity and its control. Indications to a direction on consultation to narrow experts,
indications to out-patient treatment, indications to hospitalisation,
statementDiagnosis, a choice of tactics at concrete clinical situations,filling of the
medical documentation in the conditions of a polyclinic, first aid and a hospital,
examination of time invalidity, tactics of conducting patients at an out-patient stage,
primary and secondary preventive maintenance, prophylactic medical examination
and rehabilitation of patients, the decision of questionsvalues (position in a family, a
society, on work, physical inability registration etc.)
3.5.6
220
Themes yy are developed by letting out chairs taking into account requirements of
the customer of shots and modern achievements of a science, technics and
medicine. Themes yy are developed on disciplines y, yy courses and a course of
protection of motherhood and the childhood. it is spent for the purpose of revealing
of level of knowledge and the skills received at a stageof education after endof a
course and at graduates during timey of certification. Volume yy chairs preparation
define the doctor of the general practice.
3.5.7 Realization educational programm
Educationalpreparation doctors of the general practice in a direction 5720100 Medical business it should be realised in accredited on the given direction
preparation the higher educational institutions with usey training, informationand
modern means of training. Mastering by students of foreign languages, teaching of
foreign languages by teachers, and also creation forconditions should be priority
atbachelors. Qualifying experts are spent in educational institutions, clinics, the
medical centres and scientific research institute. During training the student hands
overcertifications (at socially-yumanitarnomu course and a foreign language)
and.certification surrenders right after endprocess on correspondingto courses.
4 Estimation and quality assurance preparation
4.1 Quality assurance preparation shots in bachelor degree directions should
include: the internal control which is carried out by the higher educational
institution. The internal control is spent on the basis of Position aboutto the
monitoring system,the representativey managements of higher education;y the
control includingcertification for disciplines and according toby the educational
standard; the yosudarstvenno-public control which is carried out by the
representativey of management by higher education, publicand consumers of shots
in the established
Order; the external control which is carried out by Management of quality assurance
preparation of shots, certifications yy shots and educational institutions atthe centre
of testing of Office Min when due hereunder. A quality estimationshots carries out
consumers of shots in the course of their labour activity.
4.2 Higher educational institution bears full responsibility for:
- Observance of requirementsthe standard and quality preparation
The bachelors, provided by Position aboutcertifications and accreditations of the
higher educational institutions;
- Conformity professorsko-prepodavatelskoyo structure and uchebnovspomoyatelnoyo the personnel to qualifying requirements;
- Securityyy a course the necessary uchebno-methodical literature providedof a
course, and also
Materials for self-education and preparation;
- Material supportprocess.
5 Notes
221
The right is given to 5.1 Higher educational institution:
- To change volume of the hours which are taken away on developmentof a material
for blocks of courses - within 5 %, and for the courses entering into the block, within 10 %, without excessy volumestudents at maintenance miny
maintenances,this standard;
- To establish necessaryteaching of separate sections y, social and economic,
mathematical and natural-science disciplines according to a block profile courses;
- To correct the maintenance of courses taking into account achievements of a
science, technics and y;
5.2 Knowledge yythe standard is one
From
conditionsselection
professorsko-prepodavatelskoyo
structure
in
corresponding directioneducations. The appendix
Structureeducational programm in a direction 5720100 - Medical business № items
The name of blocks of disciplines andcourses
The general ѐin hours 1 2 3
1.00and social and economic disciplines 1704
2.00 Mathematical and natural-science disciplines 2952
Matematiko-communicative course 252
2.01 Computer science and information180
2.02 Iatrotechnics and new medical72
Natural-science course 2700
2.03 Medicaland270
2.04 Biophysics 180
2.05chemistry 144
2.06chemistry 180
2.07chemistry 324
2.08 Latin language and bases mediko-pharmaceutical miny 144
2.09 Human anatomy 450
2.10 Yy, y,324
2.11 Normal324 2.12 y,and324
2.13 History of medicine 36
3.00 disciplines 8316
Course of the general990
3.01y 270
3.02anatomy. Sec a course 306
3.03 Forensic medicine. Legal bases of activity of the doctor 144
3.04270
Mediko-preventive course 756
3.05 Yy with y,234
3.06 Public health and management of public health services. Biostatistics 378
3.0736
222
3.08 y, 108
Therapeutic course 3438
3.09 Doctor and the patient 72
3.10 Propaedeutics of internal illnesses 306
3.11 Internal illnesses. National medicine 558
3.12 Phthisiology 216
3.13 Medical control, physiotherapy exercises and physiotherapy 126
3.14198
3.15 Yy and field therapy. Laboratory business 270
3.16 Professional illnesses 90
3.17 Clinical234
3.18 Infectious diseases. Children's infectious diseases. 342
3.19 Dermatovenereal illnesses, AIDS 216
3.20 Nervous illnesses 252
3.21 Psychiatry and y. Medical306
3.22 Beamand therapy 108
3.23 Medical72
3.24 Clinical yy 72
a course 2160
3.25 Operativewithanatomy 198
3.26 Generalwith bases216
3.27illnesses 468
3.28108
3.29 Nursery162
3.30162 3.31and orthopedy, . A nursery216
3.32 y. A nursery162
3.33and resuscitation 72
3.34 yy,234
3.35162
Course of protection of motherhood and the childhood 972
3.36 Obstetrics and yy 342
3.37 Pediatrics 630
4.00 Special disciplines 1818
Disciplines of the doctor of the general practice 1818
4.01 Internal illnesses,828
4.0272
4.03illnesses 252
4.04 Medicine of accident 72
4.05 Urgent conditions. The first help 144
4.06 Obstetrics and yy 360
4.0790
223
5.00 Additional disciplines 450
5.01 Military y,and450
6.00 Disciplines for choice 322
6.01 Disciplines for choice 322
15562
Qualifying practice 1188
108
certification 108
16966
data
UDC _________At _________
CONSTRUCTION DEPARTMENT _________
Keywords:
Medical business, the doctor of the general practice
224
№
1.
Prog
ress
in %
96100
%
2.
9195%
3.
8690%
mark
Level of knowledge of student
excellent
«5»
Full correct answer to questions about the tasks of sports
medicine and medical monitoring for exercise and sports,
athletes survey scheme , physical development, learning
methods , evaluation and correction of physical
development . Summarizes and makes decisions , think
creatively , independently analyzes . Situational problems
are solved correctly , with a creative approach , with full
justification response.
Actively and creatively involved in interactive games ,
right to make informed decisions and summarizes and
analyzes .
Actively involved in the development of practical skills
and properly performing.
CDS prepared high quality (abstract, slides , banner, video
) with no less than 10 online sources and literature in recent
years.
2 . 91-95 % complete correct answer to questions
about the tasks of sports medicine and medical monitoring
for exercise and sports, athletes survey scheme , physical
development, learning methods , evaluation and
correction of physical development . Summarizes and
makes decisions , think creatively , independently analyzes
. Situational problems are solved correctly , with a creative
approach , with full justification response.
Actively and creatively involved in interactive games ,
right to make informed decisions and summarizes and
analyzes .
Actively involved in the development of practical skills
and properly performing.
CDS prepared high quality (abstract, slides , banner,
video ) with no less than 10 online sources and literature in
recent years.
Excellent
"5" The questions about the tasks of sports medicine
«5»
and medical monitoring for exercise and sports, athletes
survey scheme , physical development, learning methods ,
evaluation and correction of physical development lit
enough , but there are 1-2 errors in the response. Applies
in practice , with the matter , said confidently , has fine
views. Situational problems are solved correctly , but the
225
4.
8185%
5.
7680%
6.
7175%
justification answer sufficiently.
Actively involved in interactive games , correct decisions .
Actively involved in the development of practical skills , but
there are 2-3 mistakes in their implementation .
CDS prepared high quality (abstract, slides , banner, video
) with no less than 10 online sources and literature in recent
years.
Good «4»
The questions about the tasks of sports medicine and
medical monitoring for exercise and sports, athletes survey
scheme , physical development, learning methods ,
evaluation and correction of physical development is fully
covered , but there are 2-3 inaccuracies, errors . Applies in
practice , with the matter , said confidently , has fine
views. Situational problems are solved correctly , but the
justification answer sufficiently. Inaccuracies in solving
situational problems .
Actively involved in interactive games , correct
decisions .
Actively involved in the development of practical skills ,
but there are 2-3 mistakes in their implementation .
CDS prepared high quality (abstract, slides , banner,
video ) with no less than 10 online sources and literature in
recent years.
Good
Correct , but incomplete coverage of the issue .
Student knows about the problems of sports medicine and
«4»
medical monitoring for exercise and sports, athletes survey
scheme , physical development (RF ) , learning methods ,
evaluation and correction of physical development but
fully understands the methods of assessing risk factors .
With the matter , said confidently , has fine views. Actively
involved in interactive games . Situational problem gives
partial solutions .
Actively involved in the development of practical skills ,
but there are 3-4 mistakes in their implementation .
CPC prepared good quality (abstract, slides) using at
least 5-8 online sources and literature in recent years.
Good
Correct , but incomplete coverage of the issue . Student
«4»
knows about the problems of sports medicine and medical
monitoring for exercise and sports, athletes survey scheme
, physical development, but incomplete lists methods of
examination, evaluation and correction of physical
226
7.
6670%
8.
6165%
9.
5560%
Satisfact
ory «3»
development . With the matter , said confidently , has fine
views. Actively involved in interactive games . Situational
problem gives partial solutions .
Actively involved in the development of practical skills ,
but there are 3-4 mistakes in their implementation .
CPC prepared good quality (abstract, slides) using at
least 3-5 online sources and literature in recent years.
on the correct answer half of the questions . Student
knows about the problems of sports medicine and medical
monitoring for exercise and sports, athletes survey
scheme , physical development, but poorly versed in the
methods of examination, evaluation and correction of
physical development . With the matter , said uncertainly ,
has accurate representations only on specific issues
theme. Situational problems are solved correctly , but
there is no justification response. Passive when discussing
CDS. Passive during the development of practical skills ,
makes mistakes when they are executed .
correct answer half of the questions . Student knows
about the problems of sports medicine and medical
monitoring for exercise and sports, athletes survey
scheme , physical development, but poorly versed in the
methods of examination, evaluation and correction of
physical development . With the matter , said uncertainly
, has accurate representations only on specific issues
theme. Situational problems are solved correctly , but
there is no justification response.
Passive during the development of practical skills ,
makes mistakes when they are executed .
CPC prepared satisfactorily designed (abstract, slides)
using at least 2-3 online sources and literature in recent
years. Passive when discussing CDS
correct answer to 40 % of the questions . Student
knows about the problems of sports medicine and medical
monitoring for exercise and sports, athletes survey scheme
, physical development, but poorly versed in the methods
of examination, evaluation and correction of physical
development . With the matter , said uncertainly , has
accurate representations only on specific issues theme.
Situational problems are solved correctly , but there is no
justification response.
227
10.
3154%
11.
2030%
Passive during the development of practical skills , makes
mistakes when they are executed .
CPC prepared satisfactorily designed (abstract, slides)
using at least 2-3 online sources and literature in recent
years. The abstract mistakes , broken logical sequence of
topics subject was not disclosed . Improper design of slides
and posters. Passive when discussing CDS.
dissatisfa
less than 40% coverage of the issues in the wrong
ction «2» approach. Student does not know about the problems of
sports medicine and medical monitoring for exercise and
sports, athletes survey scheme , physical development.
Practically versed in the methods of examination,
evaluation and correction of physical development .
Homework is not satisfied.
Passive during the development of practical skills ,
making numerous mistakes in their implementation .
CDS performed with numerous errors , using only 1-2
online sources and literature, poorly framed , the student
can not present their work . Passive when discussing CDS.
dissatisfa
"2" is present on the student practical training in the
ction «2» proper form , there is a workbook . Questions not answers.
Do not know about the problems of sports medicine and
medical monitoring for exercise and sports, athletes survey
scheme , physical development. Not involved in the
development of practical skills.
Homework is not satisfied. CDS is not prepared .
Passive in class . Violates discipline prevents conduct
classes .
228