Founding of the
Southern Colonies
(1607-1732)
Maryland
Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
(Carolinas were divided in
1712)
Georgia
Ethnic Origins of Colonists
How did the Southern Colonies
Differ from the New England and Middle Colonies?
• Culture and the economy focused on agriculture.
• Slave labor became essential to the Southern economy.
• Towns were fewer and smaller.
The Southern Colonies
averaged
89% of the slave population
in Colonial America
Slave
Population in
Southern
Colonies
MIDDLE
COLONIES
Virginia
The Land of Cavaliers
• 1st settled at Jamestown
• Williamsburg became capital in
1699
• Large tobacco Plantations were
established along the James,
Rappahannock, York, and Potomac
rivers by individuals known as
Cavaliers.
• The largest and wealthiest of all the
English Colonies
William Byrd II
George Washington’s Mount Vernon
Virginia Plantation Typical of Southern
Colonies Plantations
Maryland
• In 1632 King Charles I granted
• Cecil Calvert-Lord Baltimore a charter
(permission) to found a colony for English
Catholics. It was named for the queen
Henrietta Maria.
• Maryland was a proprietary colony, this
meant that “proprietors”, or owners controlled
the government.
• In the 1640’s Protestants also begin moving
into Maryland. This caused tension and led to
Maryland’s Assembly passing the Toleration
Act of 1649 that made it a crime to restrict any
form of Christian worship
Lord Baltimore
King Charles I
Maryland’s Flag
The Calvert Family Crest
Maryland
Carolina “Land of Charles”
• In 1663 Charles II gave land between
Virginia and Spanish Florida his father
Charles I had tried to settle to
supporters known as the “Eight Lords
Proprietors” who had helped restore
his family to power following the
English Civil War in the 1640’s
• The Albemarle Sound settlements in
the north were widely separated by
those in the south such as Charleston
founded in 1670.
• In 1712 the colony was divided
• In 1729 the King bought the
Carolinas from the proprietors and
North and South Carolina became
“Royal Colonies”.
KING CHARLES II
Birth of Carolina 1663
Carolina Charter of 1663
“Birth Certificate of the Carolinas”
This Paper Told What the Proprietors Owned and
What They Could Do With Carolina
Eight Lords Proprietors of Carolina
Lord Ashley
Anthony Cooper
George Monk
William Berkley
Duke of
Albemarle
Lord
Granville
George Carteret
Charleston Founded in 1670
• Charleston became
the center for rice and
indigo production.
• Indigo was used as a
purple dye.
Plantations in the Southern Colonies
Charleston, South Carolina
Piracy Plagues Carolina Coast
“BLACKBEARD”
Edward Teach
Ockacroke
Island
Queen
Anne’s
Revenge
Bath, North Carolina’ Oldest Town
1705
Saint Thomas Episcopal
Oldest Church in NC
Palmer-Marsh
House
Bath: NC’s Oldest Incorporated Town -1705
Georgia
In 1732 King George II
granted a charter to James
Oglethorpe to start a colony
for “Poor English Citizens.
Oglethorpe founded the city of
Savannah.
Oglethorpe outlawed slavery
and the use of alcohol.
Swiss, German, and Welsh
Protestants were early settlers
to Georgia. Jewish settlers
moved to Savannah.
The King took control of
Georgia in 1752 and made
slavery legal. Coastal
Georgia became filled with
rice plantations worked by
thousands of slaves.
James Oglethorpe
Colonial Savannah
Georgia Founded By James Oglethorpe in 1732